Pub Date : 2023-05-03DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2023.2206395
A. Y. Afandi, Y. Kurniawan, Bernadeta Ayu Widyaningrum, Tamara Matilda, D. W. Indriani, Devi Indrasari Mustopa Putri, H. Darmokoesoemo, H. Kusuma
ABSTRACT The removal of lead from water and wastewater is a serious term for protecting the public and the environmental. Herein, an agriculture waste of sorghum bagasse modified with NaOH was used to adsorb Pb(II) from an aqueous solution. The modified sorghum bagasse (MSB) was characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). MSB with NaOH shows smoother, increasing porosity and pore size (mesopore). In a batch system, the parameter adsorption was investigated. The adsorption of Pb(II) by the adsorbents was optimum at pH 5.0, contact time: 15 min, adsorbent dosage: 6 g L−1 and initial concentration: 80 mg L−1. The pseudo second-order model was suitable to describe the kinetic of the process with the diffusion model of the Elovich model. Meanwhile, the adsorption isotherm model was suitable with the Langmuir model and gives a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) 12.29 mg g−1. The Gibbs free energy was negative, and the enthalpy was negative, indicating the adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process. These results indicated that the MSB had potentially become an efficient, sustainable and low-cost adsorbent for Pb(II) uptake from an aqueous solution.
从水和废水中去除铅是保护公众和环境的一个重要术语。本研究以农业废弃物高粱甘蔗渣为原料，经氢氧化钠改性后，用于吸附水溶液中的铅(II)。采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒(BET)法和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对改性高粱甘蔗渣(MSB)进行了表征。添加NaOH的MSB更光滑，孔隙率和孔径(中孔)增大。在间歇式系统中，研究了吸附参数。在pH为5.0、接触时间为15 min、吸附剂投加量为6 g L−1、初始浓度为80 mg L−1时，吸附剂对Pb(II)的吸附效果最佳。拟二阶模型适合于用Elovich模型的扩散模型来描述过程的动力学。吸附等温线模型与Langmuir模型吻合，最大吸附量(qmax)为12.29 mg g−1。吉布斯自由能为负，焓为负，说明吸附过程为自发放热过程。这些结果表明，MSB有潜力成为一种高效、可持续和低成本的水溶液中铅(II)吸附剂。
{"title":"Potentials of NaOH modified agricultural waste of sorghum bagasse for lead (II) removal from aqueous solution: kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies","authors":"A. Y. Afandi, Y. Kurniawan, Bernadeta Ayu Widyaningrum, Tamara Matilda, D. W. Indriani, Devi Indrasari Mustopa Putri, H. Darmokoesoemo, H. Kusuma","doi":"10.1080/02757540.2023.2206395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2023.2206395","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The removal of lead from water and wastewater is a serious term for protecting the public and the environmental. Herein, an agriculture waste of sorghum bagasse modified with NaOH was used to adsorb Pb(II) from an aqueous solution. The modified sorghum bagasse (MSB) was characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). MSB with NaOH shows smoother, increasing porosity and pore size (mesopore). In a batch system, the parameter adsorption was investigated. The adsorption of Pb(II) by the adsorbents was optimum at pH 5.0, contact time: 15 min, adsorbent dosage: 6 g L−1 and initial concentration: 80 mg L−1. The pseudo second-order model was suitable to describe the kinetic of the process with the diffusion model of the Elovich model. Meanwhile, the adsorption isotherm model was suitable with the Langmuir model and gives a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) 12.29 mg g−1. The Gibbs free energy was negative, and the enthalpy was negative, indicating the adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process. These results indicated that the MSB had potentially become an efficient, sustainable and low-cost adsorbent for Pb(II) uptake from an aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":9960,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46649873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2023.2202659
Fengli Xu, Dongxing Wang
ABSTRACT Efficient bioremediation technology has drawn extensive attention from scholars due to the serious damage caused by heavy metals (HMs) to the environment. This study explored the remediation potential and mechanisms of the S. pasteurii strain in alleviating toxicity of Cd and Pb in tailings. The results showed that the decrease in DTPA-Cd and -Pb was associated with the transfer of exchangeable HMs to carbonate-bound HMs in bacteria-treated tailings. Biomineralization, extracellular adsorption, and intracellular accumulation were observed to result in removal rates above 95% for HMs in tailings solution. Mineralisation products driven-urease were identified as carbonate minerals, including otavite CdCO3, cerussite PbCO3 and hydrocerussite Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2. However, the increased Km in the urease kinetics study indicated that HMs reduced urease activity and biomineralization by minimum inhibitory concentrations (Cd 0.5 mM and Pb 40 mM). The functional groups (-OH, -NH2, -COOH and -PO4 3-) on the bacterial surface were involved in immobilising HMs, while the biosorption capacity (qm) was inhibited by metal ions (Pb2+ > Cd2+) according to Langmuir sorption isotherm. In conclusion, the biomineralization-adsorption of S. pasteurii was the mainstay for stabilising Cd and Pb in tailings, and the contribution of biomineralization was found to be much higher than that of biosorption.
{"title":"Bioremediation potential and primary mechanism of Sporosarcina pasteurii for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in contaminated tailings","authors":"Fengli Xu, Dongxing Wang","doi":"10.1080/02757540.2023.2202659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2023.2202659","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Efficient bioremediation technology has drawn extensive attention from scholars due to the serious damage caused by heavy metals (HMs) to the environment. This study explored the remediation potential and mechanisms of the S. pasteurii strain in alleviating toxicity of Cd and Pb in tailings. The results showed that the decrease in DTPA-Cd and -Pb was associated with the transfer of exchangeable HMs to carbonate-bound HMs in bacteria-treated tailings. Biomineralization, extracellular adsorption, and intracellular accumulation were observed to result in removal rates above 95% for HMs in tailings solution. Mineralisation products driven-urease were identified as carbonate minerals, including otavite CdCO3, cerussite PbCO3 and hydrocerussite Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2. However, the increased Km in the urease kinetics study indicated that HMs reduced urease activity and biomineralization by minimum inhibitory concentrations (Cd 0.5 mM and Pb 40 mM). The functional groups (-OH, -NH2, -COOH and -PO4 3-) on the bacterial surface were involved in immobilising HMs, while the biosorption capacity (qm) was inhibited by metal ions (Pb2+ > Cd2+) according to Langmuir sorption isotherm. In conclusion, the biomineralization-adsorption of S. pasteurii was the mainstay for stabilising Cd and Pb in tailings, and the contribution of biomineralization was found to be much higher than that of biosorption.","PeriodicalId":9960,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47121405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2023.2198509
K. Erdoğan
ABSTRACT This study determined the LC50-24 h value of sodium pyrithione (NaPT) on Cyprinus carpio at 102.7643 µg/L. Then, 60 healthy fish were randomly allocated into 6 exposure groups, each receiving varying levels of NaPT for different durations (control goup = 0% µg/L NaPT for 24 and 96 h; NaPT-10 = 10% of the LC50-24 h dose of NaPT for 24 and 96 h; NaPT-20 = 20% of the LC50-24 h dose of NaPT for 24 and 96 h). As a result, the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the decrease in catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the gill and liver tissue in both duration and dose groups were found to be statistically significant. In addition, NaPT increased serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in both dose groups for both durations. The results revealed that NaPT exposure caused shortening of gill tissue lamellae and vacuolisation (separation) of the secondary lamellar epithelium. Likewise, NaPT exposure was responsible for vacuolisation and hepatocellular degeneration in liver tissue in hepatocytes. In conclusion, the toxicity study, antioxidant enzyme activities, cytokine immune response, and histopathological results indicate that NaPT has a toxic effect on the carp.
{"title":"Determination of acute toxicity of sodium pyrithione and its exposure effects on antioxidant enzymes activity, immune status, and histopathological changes in common carp","authors":"K. Erdoğan","doi":"10.1080/02757540.2023.2198509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2023.2198509","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study determined the LC50-24 h value of sodium pyrithione (NaPT) on Cyprinus carpio at 102.7643 µg/L. Then, 60 healthy fish were randomly allocated into 6 exposure groups, each receiving varying levels of NaPT for different durations (control goup = 0% µg/L NaPT for 24 and 96 h; NaPT-10 = 10% of the LC50-24 h dose of NaPT for 24 and 96 h; NaPT-20 = 20% of the LC50-24 h dose of NaPT for 24 and 96 h). As a result, the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the decrease in catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the gill and liver tissue in both duration and dose groups were found to be statistically significant. In addition, NaPT increased serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in both dose groups for both durations. The results revealed that NaPT exposure caused shortening of gill tissue lamellae and vacuolisation (separation) of the secondary lamellar epithelium. Likewise, NaPT exposure was responsible for vacuolisation and hepatocellular degeneration in liver tissue in hepatocytes. In conclusion, the toxicity study, antioxidant enzyme activities, cytokine immune response, and histopathological results indicate that NaPT has a toxic effect on the carp.","PeriodicalId":9960,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43667446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2023.2199725
B. S. C. Barcellos, C. B. Agustini, G. S. Rolim, João H. Z. Santos, M. Gutterres
ABSTRACT Microalgae have been effectively used as a nutrient removal method in wastewater treatment. However, the harvesting microalgae step is a major hurdle to the industry. In this study, the silica non-toxic sol–gel is used as a matrix to immobilise microalgae. Non-toxic silica gel matrix was synthesised by tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) derived alcohol free route. This study aims to evaluate the effect of microalgae immobilisation in non-toxic silica gel to remove tanneries wastewater pollutants. The experiments were conducted by applying immobilised Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. in three concentrations in leather processing wastewater during 72 h of cultivation. The morphology of immobilisation was evaluated by optical microscopy, SEM and Zeta Potential analysis. The rate removals of total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC) and Inorganic Carbon (IC) in comparison to immobilised and suspended microalgae were evaluated by the influence of the immobilisation, type of microalgae and microalgae concentration. For both microalgae, immobilisation showed promise for removing these nutrients. The immobilised Chlorella sp. at the initial concentration of 5.84 ± 0.975 mg.L−1 (I-Ch2) had the highest removal by immobilised microalgae, with an uptake of 20.82% of AN, 18.44% of TN, 30.42% of TOC and 64.73% of IC.
{"title":"Carbon and nitrogen removal by Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. suspended and immobilised in non-toxic silica gel in leather processing wastewater","authors":"B. S. C. Barcellos, C. B. Agustini, G. S. Rolim, João H. Z. Santos, M. Gutterres","doi":"10.1080/02757540.2023.2199725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2023.2199725","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Microalgae have been effectively used as a nutrient removal method in wastewater treatment. However, the harvesting microalgae step is a major hurdle to the industry. In this study, the silica non-toxic sol–gel is used as a matrix to immobilise microalgae. Non-toxic silica gel matrix was synthesised by tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) derived alcohol free route. This study aims to evaluate the effect of microalgae immobilisation in non-toxic silica gel to remove tanneries wastewater pollutants. The experiments were conducted by applying immobilised Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. in three concentrations in leather processing wastewater during 72 h of cultivation. The morphology of immobilisation was evaluated by optical microscopy, SEM and Zeta Potential analysis. The rate removals of total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC) and Inorganic Carbon (IC) in comparison to immobilised and suspended microalgae were evaluated by the influence of the immobilisation, type of microalgae and microalgae concentration. For both microalgae, immobilisation showed promise for removing these nutrients. The immobilised Chlorella sp. at the initial concentration of 5.84 ± 0.975 mg.L−1 (I-Ch2) had the highest removal by immobilised microalgae, with an uptake of 20.82% of AN, 18.44% of TN, 30.42% of TOC and 64.73% of IC.","PeriodicalId":9960,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44788103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2023.2198511
R. Lizotte, J. Murdock, J. M. Taylor, M. Locke
ABSTRACT Water level of a shallow impounded riverine lake was lowered to help improve downstream flows and water quality within the Big Sunflower River in the agriculturally dominated Mississippi Delta, Mississippi, USA. A study was conducted to better understand how nutrient and algal processes within shallow lakes respond to relatively rapid water level changes to guide water resource management decisions. The drawdown was initiated in late summer and completed within six days, ending when outflow was <5% of peak flows. Water depths were reduced from 28-82%. Nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon) and water column algal measurements (chlorophyll a, in-vivo chlorophyll, in-vivo phycocyanin, chlorophyll:phycocyanin ratio, and photosynthetic activity) were measured at three sites on days −7, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 13, 20, 28, and 34, relative to the start of the drawdown. Nitrogen and phosphorus responses were bimodal, showing a decrease during the initial drawdown phase followed by increasing levels in the ensuing weeks. Algal responses showed complex interactions between nutrients and changes in light availability that were often indirectly related to hydrologic changes. Late summer to early fall drawdowns in small impoundments used to improve downstream flows can have minimal water quality impacts on the upstream impounded systems.
{"title":"Nutrient and algal responses to a managed drawdown in an agricultural riverine lake","authors":"R. Lizotte, J. Murdock, J. M. Taylor, M. Locke","doi":"10.1080/02757540.2023.2198511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2023.2198511","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Water level of a shallow impounded riverine lake was lowered to help improve downstream flows and water quality within the Big Sunflower River in the agriculturally dominated Mississippi Delta, Mississippi, USA. A study was conducted to better understand how nutrient and algal processes within shallow lakes respond to relatively rapid water level changes to guide water resource management decisions. The drawdown was initiated in late summer and completed within six days, ending when outflow was <5% of peak flows. Water depths were reduced from 28-82%. Nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon) and water column algal measurements (chlorophyll a, in-vivo chlorophyll, in-vivo phycocyanin, chlorophyll:phycocyanin ratio, and photosynthetic activity) were measured at three sites on days −7, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 13, 20, 28, and 34, relative to the start of the drawdown. Nitrogen and phosphorus responses were bimodal, showing a decrease during the initial drawdown phase followed by increasing levels in the ensuing weeks. Algal responses showed complex interactions between nutrients and changes in light availability that were often indirectly related to hydrologic changes. Late summer to early fall drawdowns in small impoundments used to improve downstream flows can have minimal water quality impacts on the upstream impounded systems.","PeriodicalId":9960,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45376842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2023.2189893
Tianxu Zhang, Yan Song, Weiying Xu, Nannan Lu, Yan Chen, R. Jia, Shaohua Sun
ABSTRACT The influence of emerging contaminants on the composition of aquatic ecosystems, including antibiotics and pesticide metabolites, is receiving increasing attention. In this study, the acute and chronic toxic effects of single and combined exposure to sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and desethylatrazine (DEA) on Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) were evaluated in terms of growth, pigment content and antioxidant systems. The findings demonstrated that cytochrome content and cell growth followed a similar trend for both single and combined exposures, with C. vulgaris being affected in a dose-dependent manner, and chlorophyll content decreasing at high exposures. For SMX and DEA, the maximum inhibition rates at a single exposure were 95.14% and 87.31%, respectively. Cell membrane permeability, superoxide dismutase content and catalase release were significantly increased in the early stages of cultivation. Additionally, cell density was used to calculate the single exposure half effect concentration (EC50), which was then used as part of the toxic unit (TU) method for evaluating mixture interactions. TU analysis revealed that the interaction between SMX and DEA shifted from being synergistic to being antagonistic after 7 d of incubation. These results suggest that SMX and DEA may play a significant role in aquatic ecosystems. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Individual and combined toxicity of sulfamethoxazole and desethylatrazine to Chlorella vulgaris: growth inhibition, photosynthetic activity and oxidative stress","authors":"Tianxu Zhang, Yan Song, Weiying Xu, Nannan Lu, Yan Chen, R. Jia, Shaohua Sun","doi":"10.1080/02757540.2023.2189893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2023.2189893","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The influence of emerging contaminants on the composition of aquatic ecosystems, including antibiotics and pesticide metabolites, is receiving increasing attention. In this study, the acute and chronic toxic effects of single and combined exposure to sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and desethylatrazine (DEA) on Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) were evaluated in terms of growth, pigment content and antioxidant systems. The findings demonstrated that cytochrome content and cell growth followed a similar trend for both single and combined exposures, with C. vulgaris being affected in a dose-dependent manner, and chlorophyll content decreasing at high exposures. For SMX and DEA, the maximum inhibition rates at a single exposure were 95.14% and 87.31%, respectively. Cell membrane permeability, superoxide dismutase content and catalase release were significantly increased in the early stages of cultivation. Additionally, cell density was used to calculate the single exposure half effect concentration (EC50), which was then used as part of the toxic unit (TU) method for evaluating mixture interactions. TU analysis revealed that the interaction between SMX and DEA shifted from being synergistic to being antagonistic after 7 d of incubation. These results suggest that SMX and DEA may play a significant role in aquatic ecosystems. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":9960,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49206877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-09DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2023.2199015
Thendo Mutshekwa, L. Mugwedi, Babra Moyo, N. Madala, R. Wasserman, F. Dondofema, T. Dalu
ABSTRACT Pesticides are well known for their persistence in the environment their slow degradation and high toxicity. Aquatic environments, while not the target of many pesticide applications, often receive these chemicals from their catchments through runoff dynamics. Here, we assessed pesticide concentrations of acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos in water and sediment across macadamia orchard and communal area reservoirs in the Levubu area, South Africa, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Analysis of acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos associated with sediments in macadamia orchard reservoirs revealed mean pesticide concentrations of 14.48 µg L−1 and 5.67 µg L−1, respectively, whereas, in communal area reservoirs both pesticides were not detected. Acetamiprid was not detected across reservoir water, whereas the mean pesticide concentration of chlorpyrifos of 6.51 µg L−1 (macadamia orchard) and 0.13 µg L−1 (communal area) were detected. Significant differences were observed for chlorpyrifos concentrations in water samples between macadamia orchard and communal area reservoirs, whereas acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos indicated non-significant differences in sediments. The results indicate that macadamia orchard reservoirs are highly contaminated by acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos. Consequently, these pesticides can alter water quality and ecosystem functioning by reducing species diversity, adjusting community structure, altering energy flow and nutrient recycling.
{"title":"Assessing acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos pesticide concentrations in water and sediments across macadamia orchard and communal area small reservoirs","authors":"Thendo Mutshekwa, L. Mugwedi, Babra Moyo, N. Madala, R. Wasserman, F. Dondofema, T. Dalu","doi":"10.1080/02757540.2023.2199015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2023.2199015","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pesticides are well known for their persistence in the environment their slow degradation and high toxicity. Aquatic environments, while not the target of many pesticide applications, often receive these chemicals from their catchments through runoff dynamics. Here, we assessed pesticide concentrations of acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos in water and sediment across macadamia orchard and communal area reservoirs in the Levubu area, South Africa, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Analysis of acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos associated with sediments in macadamia orchard reservoirs revealed mean pesticide concentrations of 14.48 µg L−1 and 5.67 µg L−1, respectively, whereas, in communal area reservoirs both pesticides were not detected. Acetamiprid was not detected across reservoir water, whereas the mean pesticide concentration of chlorpyrifos of 6.51 µg L−1 (macadamia orchard) and 0.13 µg L−1 (communal area) were detected. Significant differences were observed for chlorpyrifos concentrations in water samples between macadamia orchard and communal area reservoirs, whereas acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos indicated non-significant differences in sediments. The results indicate that macadamia orchard reservoirs are highly contaminated by acetamiprid and chlorpyrifos. Consequently, these pesticides can alter water quality and ecosystem functioning by reducing species diversity, adjusting community structure, altering energy flow and nutrient recycling.","PeriodicalId":9960,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46255984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2023.2188205
T. Iqbal, Fozia Batool, S. Iqbal
ABSTRACT In this study, the biochar of rice husk was modified to a nanosorbent upon loading with haematite for Cr (III) removal from aqueous solutions. Three adsorbents, rice husk, rice husk biochar and haematite-loaded rice husk biochar, were used for equilibrium adsorption studies. SEM and FTIR analysis revealed the presence of pores and various surface active sites on a nanomaterial, which were responsible for the adsorption of Cr (III). C–H, –O–H, C=O stretching vibrations were observed in characterised FTIR peaks. Modelling of adsorption isotherms indicated best fit for Freundlich isotherm with maximum Kf value of 12,218 and 39.5 for linear and non-linear nanomaterial experimental calculations, and positive n value in range of 1–10 for all forms of adsorbents, Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption saturation capacity qs showed high readings of 9417 and 76.8 for haematite nanomaterial, Elovich isotherm favoured non-linear results in case of nanomaterial with increased Qm values 43.4–112.3 from raw form to nanosorbents and Temkin isotherm with. Kinetic and Thermodynamic results were also summarised. Constants k and h and Qe capacity were tabulated for Pseudo second order model with highest Qe in the range of 20.36–22.52 for haematite loaded biochar nanomaterial. Hence, haematite based rice husk biochar nanostructure was employed as an efficient adsorbent for uptake of chromium.
{"title":"Exploration of haematite-loaded rice husk biochar as a low-cost nanosorbent to remove Cr (III) from the aqueous media","authors":"T. Iqbal, Fozia Batool, S. Iqbal","doi":"10.1080/02757540.2023.2188205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2023.2188205","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, the biochar of rice husk was modified to a nanosorbent upon loading with haematite for Cr (III) removal from aqueous solutions. Three adsorbents, rice husk, rice husk biochar and haematite-loaded rice husk biochar, were used for equilibrium adsorption studies. SEM and FTIR analysis revealed the presence of pores and various surface active sites on a nanomaterial, which were responsible for the adsorption of Cr (III). C–H, –O–H, C=O stretching vibrations were observed in characterised FTIR peaks. Modelling of adsorption isotherms indicated best fit for Freundlich isotherm with maximum Kf value of 12,218 and 39.5 for linear and non-linear nanomaterial experimental calculations, and positive n value in range of 1–10 for all forms of adsorbents, Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption saturation capacity qs showed high readings of 9417 and 76.8 for haematite nanomaterial, Elovich isotherm favoured non-linear results in case of nanomaterial with increased Qm values 43.4–112.3 from raw form to nanosorbents and Temkin isotherm with. Kinetic and Thermodynamic results were also summarised. Constants k and h and Qe capacity were tabulated for Pseudo second order model with highest Qe in the range of 20.36–22.52 for haematite loaded biochar nanomaterial. Hence, haematite based rice husk biochar nanostructure was employed as an efficient adsorbent for uptake of chromium.","PeriodicalId":9960,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46632456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2023.2186405
Otávio Augusto Lacerda Ferreira Pimentel, N. H. They, Rildo José Vasconcelos de Andrade, Valdemir Queiroz de Oliveira, A. Amado, A. Gálvez, L. O. Brito
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to test the effect of different ionic adjustments in low salinity water on the composition and temporal variation of plankton from intensive shrimp nurseries with a synbiotic system. For this, a Penaeus vannamei nursery (35 days) was carried out with three treatments: T1 – diluted seawater (control; salinity ∼2.5 g L−1), T2 – salinity ∼2.5 g L−1 with K+ adjustment to approximate the seawater equivalent concentration, and T3 – salinity ∼2.5 g L−1 with Ca:Mg:K ratio adjusted to 1:3:1. Rice bran processed by probiotic microorganisms was used as an organic carbon source. Phytoplankton and zooplankton were sampled weekly and analysed using standard methods. The temporal variation of phytoplankton and zooplankton composition were more pronounced than differences among treatments indicating that the ionic adjustment had little effect on these communities. During the experimental time, the dominant phyla in phytoplankton were Ochrophyta, Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta, whereas zooplankton’s dominant phyla were Ciliophora, Amoebozoa, and Cercozoa. Cyanophyta’s relative abundance was lower than traditional biofloc systems, suggesting a higher control of these microorganisms in synbiotic systems. Ionic adjustments have then a low potential to affect plankton, likely because limitation by these ions was not achieved under the ionic manipulations tested.
摘要本研究旨在研究低盐度水体中不同离子调节对集约化共生对虾苗圃浮游生物组成及时间变化的影响。为此，在凡纳滨对虾苗期(35 d)进行了三种处理:T1稀释海水(对照;盐度~ 2.5 g L−1)，T2 -盐度~ 2.5 g L−1,K+调整到接近海水当量浓度，T3 -盐度~ 2.5 g L−1,Ca:Mg:K比调整到1:3:1。以经益生菌处理的米糠为有机碳源。浮游植物和浮游动物每周取样，并使用标准方法进行分析。浮游植物和浮游动物组成的时间变化比不同处理间的差异更明显，表明离子调节对这些群落的影响不大。实验期间，浮游植物的优势门为绿藻门、蓝藻门和绿藻门，浮游动物的优势门为纤毛虫门、变形虫门和尾藻门。蓝藻的相对丰度低于传统的生物絮团系统，表明这些微生物在合成系统中具有更高的控制能力。因此，离子调节对浮游生物的影响很小，可能是因为在测试的离子操作下，这些离子没有达到限制。
{"title":"Ionic adjustments do not alter plankton composition in low salinity Penaeus vannamei intensive nursery with synbiotic system","authors":"Otávio Augusto Lacerda Ferreira Pimentel, N. H. They, Rildo José Vasconcelos de Andrade, Valdemir Queiroz de Oliveira, A. Amado, A. Gálvez, L. O. Brito","doi":"10.1080/02757540.2023.2186405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2023.2186405","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to test the effect of different ionic adjustments in low salinity water on the composition and temporal variation of plankton from intensive shrimp nurseries with a synbiotic system. For this, a Penaeus vannamei nursery (35 days) was carried out with three treatments: T1 – diluted seawater (control; salinity ∼2.5 g L−1), T2 – salinity ∼2.5 g L−1 with K+ adjustment to approximate the seawater equivalent concentration, and T3 – salinity ∼2.5 g L−1 with Ca:Mg:K ratio adjusted to 1:3:1. Rice bran processed by probiotic microorganisms was used as an organic carbon source. Phytoplankton and zooplankton were sampled weekly and analysed using standard methods. The temporal variation of phytoplankton and zooplankton composition were more pronounced than differences among treatments indicating that the ionic adjustment had little effect on these communities. During the experimental time, the dominant phyla in phytoplankton were Ochrophyta, Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta, whereas zooplankton’s dominant phyla were Ciliophora, Amoebozoa, and Cercozoa. Cyanophyta’s relative abundance was lower than traditional biofloc systems, suggesting a higher control of these microorganisms in synbiotic systems. Ionic adjustments have then a low potential to affect plankton, likely because limitation by these ions was not achieved under the ionic manipulations tested.","PeriodicalId":9960,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46274276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.1080/02757540.2023.2178649
Shubhajit Saha, Nimai Chandra Saha, A. Chatterjee, P. Banerjee, Pramita Garai, Pramita Sharma, L. Patnaik, Susri Nayak, K. Dhara, A. Chukwuka, C. Faggio
ABSTRACT The pesticide ecosystem impacts are very diverse, and depending on their persistence could exert their intrinsic toxicity within an acute to a chronic timeframe. This study examined the toxic effects of Diazinon on haematological and biochemical endpoints in Oreochromis mossambicus after chronic exposure. After a prior range fining test, fishes were exposed to predetermined diazinon concentrations (T1-0.906 mg/L) and (T2-1.812 mg/L) and sampled after 28 days for toxicity endpoints. In Diazinon-exposed fish, haemoglobin content, Total Red Blood Cells, Total White Blood Cells, and MCH levels were substantially lower (p < 0.05) than in the control fish group. The total blood glucose concentrations in treated fish were substantially greater (p < 0.05) than in the control group, whereas serum protein concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Observation for most biomarkers revealed patterns of decreasing values with increasing toxicant concentration and exposure duration. The integrated indices (IBR and BRI) indexes were used to provide visual and understandable depictions of toxicity effects and emphasised the relativity of biomarkers in terms of sensitivity and magnitude or severity of responses under graded toxicant exposures. In acute and chronic diazinon exposure circumstances, the analysed metrics show significant impairment to Oreochromis mossambicus.
{"title":"Integrated multi-biomarker responses in Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus under acute and chronic Diazinon® exposures","authors":"Shubhajit Saha, Nimai Chandra Saha, A. Chatterjee, P. Banerjee, Pramita Garai, Pramita Sharma, L. Patnaik, Susri Nayak, K. Dhara, A. Chukwuka, C. Faggio","doi":"10.1080/02757540.2023.2178649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2023.2178649","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The pesticide ecosystem impacts are very diverse, and depending on their persistence could exert their intrinsic toxicity within an acute to a chronic timeframe. This study examined the toxic effects of Diazinon on haematological and biochemical endpoints in Oreochromis mossambicus after chronic exposure. After a prior range fining test, fishes were exposed to predetermined diazinon concentrations (T1-0.906 mg/L) and (T2-1.812 mg/L) and sampled after 28 days for toxicity endpoints. In Diazinon-exposed fish, haemoglobin content, Total Red Blood Cells, Total White Blood Cells, and MCH levels were substantially lower (p < 0.05) than in the control fish group. The total blood glucose concentrations in treated fish were substantially greater (p < 0.05) than in the control group, whereas serum protein concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Observation for most biomarkers revealed patterns of decreasing values with increasing toxicant concentration and exposure duration. The integrated indices (IBR and BRI) indexes were used to provide visual and understandable depictions of toxicity effects and emphasised the relativity of biomarkers in terms of sensitivity and magnitude or severity of responses under graded toxicant exposures. In acute and chronic diazinon exposure circumstances, the analysed metrics show significant impairment to Oreochromis mossambicus.","PeriodicalId":9960,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry and Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45317965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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