Actividad Dietética最新文献

Nutritional assessment is very important in kidney patients (whether they are on a dialysis programme or not), because undernourishment not only determines their morbimortality, but it also has a great effect on these people's quality of life.

We lend our experience to this assessment with the novelty of systematically including Bioimpedance as another (useful and cheap) instrument for being able to get close to the knowledge of these patients who are so haemodynamically unstable.

A male, 14 years and 11 month-old patient who is admitted into hospital for suspected inflammatory bowel disease. He has anaemia, recurrent aphthqe of two months’ evolution, occasional diarrhoea and weight loss. The patient has no previous family or personal history of interest of the current process. Anthropometry and additional tests: the patient has an initial weight of 56.9 Kg, a height of 177 cm and a BMI of 18.1. In the analysis, a discreet anaemia is observed (Hb: 10.7 mg/dl), iron deficiency (Fe 13 μg/dl) and an increase in the inflammatory markers (ESR 37 mm, CRP 48.2 mg/dl). Calorimetry: 11.2% fat, 6.4 kg fat mass, 50.5 kg lean mass. Resting metabolic rate (kcal/day) 1373. Densitometry: The bone density of the lumbar spine L2–L4 is considered normal. Fibrocolonoscopy and ileoscopy with biopsy with alterations. The small bowel follow-through was normal. After the additional tests are carried out, the patient is diagnosed with Crohn's disease. Treatment: is begun with azathioprine 150 mg/dl (2.6 mg/kg) in parallel with exclusive enteral nutrition: Modulen IBD Volume/day: 2800 ml, 3360 kcal/day. Clinical progress: From the beginning, the patient tolerates the medication and the exclusive enteral nutrition well. After treatment with Modulen IBD^® for 5 weeks, the outbreak of activity remits (in a short time, a significant improvement in analytical parameters and in the nutritional condition, so, after the 6 weeks, a normal diet for his age is begun. Recovery of weight loss. He now maintains a weight of 62.2 kg (+5.3 kg in 6 weeks).

Cachexia is a complex syndrome associated with anorexia and weight loss. This syndrome is very common in chronic diseases such as cancer or HIV diseases. Malnutrition in oncology patients is associated with poorer treatment tolerance, poorer outcomes and a poorer quality of life. The challenge for clinicians is to know how best to manage the symptoms of weight loss and anorexia for optimal patient outcomes. Different treatments have been used in this syndrome. The aim of the present article is to review the different therapeutic approaches and emerging drugs that have been designed to combat and counteract cachexia associated with cancer.

Childhood cancer is considered to be the second cause of mortality in children. Progress in the research, diagnostic methods and effectiveness of treatment can improve the survival rate. The neoplasm itself, as well as the treatment can give rise to malnutrition. This can affect patient survival, tolerance and the response to cancer treatments and increased mortality. An assessment of the nutritional state is required, with knowledge of associated symptoms and degree of risk of antineoplastic treatment, in order to calculate the nutritional needs. Likewise, there must be specific goals and appropriate nutritional intervention, in order to increase survival, reduce complications and improve the quality of life.