Actividad Dietética最新文献

Malnutrition in cancer patients has a multifactorial origin. Will depend on the patient, tumour type, treatment received and the anorexia-cachexia syndrome onset, which is the maximum degree of malnutrition. Cachexia occurs as a consequence of the interaction between the tumour and the patient, leading to activation of different mediators that will produce important changes in the metabolism of the patient. Children with severe weight loss are not associated to lower survival, but their quality of life will be worse.

This article is the adapted version of the publication standards of the Actividad Dietética journal in the Position Paper of the Scientific Committee “5 a day” with respect to the Consumption of fruit juices in the framework of a healthy diet. The position was approved at the Vth Scientific Committee Meeting held in Madrid on April 4th, 2009. The controversy that arose on the criteria and parameters for assessing fruit and/or vegetable juices within the “5 a day” Scientific Committee itself has prompted the creation of this position paper to assess, justify and reach a consensus on including juices in the recommendations for consuming fruits or vegetables fostered by the “5 a day” Association, as well as the declarations allowed on consumption.

Background

In 2002 a study by the European Federation of Associations for Dietitians revealed that the education of dietitians prior to entry into the profession was quite diverse across Europe. An EU supported Thematic Network ‘Dietitians Improving Education and Training Standards’ (DIETS) had, as one of its objectives to study and then support change in dietetic education through its partners in 30 countries in Europe over the period 2006-09. This study compared educational practices in Higher Education Institutes that teach dietetics between 2007 and 2009.

Methods

The study was longitudinal repeated measure in design. An online questionnaire was developed to record the current academic curricular and structure of the practice placements as well as programme recognition in the country concerned. The study also asked about ECTS calibration and use of certain reference materials in the design of the curriculum for example the European Academic and Practitioner Standards for Dietetics. The questionnaire was sent to all Higher Education Institutes that were partners of the DIETS Network in 2007 and 2009.

Results

Responses yielded an analysable sample of 35 in 2007 and 41 questionnaires in 2009 representing a response rate of about 60% of HEIs in partnership with DIETS. Changes in calibration status was observed in 37 (90%) of HEIs compared to 21 (60%) over the two years. Four countries acquired national standards for the recognition of dietitians and their education. Dietetic placement length still falls short of the recommendation in seven countries but the diversity of placements offered to students is to be valued. Two subjects, public health/promotion and reflective learning (research) are now being taught in more HEIs over the two year period but immunology, genetics, management and leadership and marketing are taught in less than 60% of HEIs in both 2007 and 2009.

Conclusions

There have been positive changes demonstrated in dietetic education in Europe between 2007 and 2009. The work of the Thematic Network can be seen in promoting the importance of ECTS calibration, educational standards, placement preparation and teaching and the breadth of the curriculum. National authorities, higher education and professional associations will continue to improve the preparation of dietitians so they can contribute fully to improve the future nutritional health of Europe.

Morbid obesity, even apart from its related diseases (diabetes, dyslipemia, hypertension), means per se a higher risk for kidney diseases to appear. In this article, a description is given of the case of a 36 year-old male who has morbid obesity and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with a nephrotic syndrome. An analysis has been done on the relationship of the effects of weight loss with dietary measures, an intragastric balloon and bariatric surgery on the evolution of proteinuria and the kidney function, which improved significantly after the therapeutic process described. The description of the clinical case presented in this article clearly shows the importance of a multi-disciplinary action, as well as the suitability and application of different therapeutic strategies, for making the treatment of a complex case of morbid Obesity successful. In the same way, the importance of the dietary and nutritional support provided at all stages of the therapeutic process is highlighted as a facilitating and contributory factor of the medical treatment, as well as being a necessary overall intervening participant in the treatment.

Obesity is a disease that develops with an increase in body weight as a result of an excessive accumulation of fat in the body. When conventional treatments have failed in cases of morbid obesity, bariatric surgery is a tool that is capable of achieving significant weight losses that are maintained throughout time. The surgical procedures applied entail a situation of malnutrition that must be corrected with dietary supplements and by properly re-educating food habits. Our work's objective is, through a bibliographical review, to analyse the scientific production (of articles) on diet and nutritional therapy after surgery on obesity that exists on the SMI (Spanish Medical Index) database between 1975 and 2008.

According to the data obtained, we see that there are very few articles produced with post-operative dietary recommendations, in spite of their importance. Over twenty years must have gone by since the first surgical intervention was carried out until the first article on dietary therapy after bariatric surgery or surgery on obesity was published in some journal included on the MI. It was at the end of the nineties when the production of articles on operative dietary therapy increased. This fact coincides with the establishment of the Spanish Society of Obesity Surgery and with the appearance and incorporation of the professionals of human nutrition and dietetics.

It is advisable for the professionals involved to pay the necessary attention to this fact, in spite of the difficulty in changing the bad food habits of the patients.