Advanced Design Research最新文献

Evaluating the alignment of AI with human emotions

Advanced Design Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadr.2024.10.002

J. Derek Lomas , Willem van der Maden , Sohhom Bandyopadhyay , Giovanni Lion , Nirmal Patel , Gyanesh Jain , Yanna Litowsky , Haian Xue , Pieter Desmet

Generative AI systems are increasingly capable of expressing emotions through text, imagery, voice, and video. Effective emotional expression is particularly relevant for AI systems designed to provide care, support mental health, or promote wellbeing through emotional interactions. This research aims to enhance understanding of the alignment between AI-expressed emotions and human perception. How can we assess whether an AI system successfully conveys a specific emotion? To address this question, we designed a method to measure the alignment between emotions expressed by generative AI and human perceptions.

Three generative image models—DALL-E 2, DALL-E 3, and Stable Diffusion v1—were used to generate 240 images expressing five positive and five negative emotions in both humans and robots. Twenty-four participants recruited via Prolific rated the alignment of AI-generated emotional expressions with a string of text (e.g., “A robot expressing the emotion of amusement”).

Our results suggest that generative AI models can produce emotional expressions that align well with human emotions; however, the degree of alignment varies significantly depending on the AI model and the specific emotion expressed. We analyze these variations to identify areas for future improvement. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of our findings on the design of emotionally expressive AI systems.

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引用次数: 0

A multi-criteria fusion-based pose estimation method for civil aircraft maintenance operation tasks

Advanced Design Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadr.2024.12.001

Huining Pei, Jingru Cao, Man Ding, Ziyu Wang, Yunfeng Chen, Fanghua Zhao

Objective

To solve the problems of subjectivity, low feasibility, and use of a single assessment index in the traditional load assessment for civil aircraft maintenance (CAM) tasks.

Background

High-intensity workloads pose significant risks to the physical and mental health and safety of civil aviation staff.

Methods

This work proposes the DNMEREC-DNCRADIS multi-criteria assessment method. DNMEREC-DNCRADIS is derived from the method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC) and the Compromise Ranking of Alternatives from Distance to Ideal Solution (CRADIS) method. The digital model of the Boeing 737 aircraft engine is established. Then, Jack software is used to simulate the dynamic maintenance activities of aircraft maintenance workers, and eight types of simulation analysis data are used to assess their maintenance posture. Finally, the assessment data are analyzed using the DNMEREC-DNCRADIS method, and the overall priority scores for each maintenance task alternative are computed and ranked.

Results

The results demonstrate that removing the fan blade and fan blade shim at the 3 o'clock position imposes the lowest workload on maintenance personnel.

Conclusion

In practical application, operation at the 3 o'clock position should be considered, or height-adjustable engine hangers should be adopted to adapt to the work requirements of different positions. This also can reduce the load caused by the maintenance personnel being in an awkward position for a long period, as well as other hidden dangers.

Application

The proposed method can be extended to the load evaluation of other types of operations.

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引用次数: 0

Exploring opportunities for online pharmacy design for Moroccan citizens 探索为摩洛哥公民设计网上药店的机会

Advanced Design Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadr.2024.10.001

Ubed Ibrahim, Mengru Xue

In countries with limited digital capabilities such as Morocco, the adoption of electronic services faces significant challenges owing to limited awareness and prevalent apprehension among the local population. Existing pharmacy services predominantly rely on manual processes, which cause inconvenience for the community. To address this issue and cater to the needs of the community, a comprehensive survey was conducted that involved 41 residents. The survey findings not only provide insights into the needs of the community but also serve as a foundation for tailoring electronic services to this specific demographic. Considering the survey results, we further introduced “MoulPharmacy”, an accessible online platform designed to streamline the purchase of over-the-counter medications. The main goal of “MoulPharmacy” is to bridge the gap between consumers and local pharmacies by providing a user-friendly interface for seamless medication procurement. This platform enables local citizens to order medications effortlessly, with the added convenience of doorstep delivery. To understand the perceptions and potential adoption factors of “MoulPharmacy” in countries with limited digital capabilities, we conducted a user study with 20 Moroccan citizens to explore aspects such as website aesthetics, ease of use, and the overall purchasing process. A synthesis of the results of both the survey and the user study, reveals that this research contributes to a nuanced understanding of the unique requirements of citizens in countries with digital challenges. “MoulPharmacy” not only addresses practical challenges faced by residents but also sets a precedent for future developments in online pharmacy-related platforms designed for countries with limited digital capabilities. This research establishes essential design principles that can guide the creation of tailored solutions, by examining the specific requirements of this demographic, which fosters the adoption of electronic services in resource-constrained settings.

在摩洛哥等数字能力有限的国家，由于当地民众的认识有限且普遍存在忧虑，采用电子服务面临巨大挑战。现有的药房服务主要依靠人工操作，这给社区带来了不便。为解决这一问题并满足社区需求，我们开展了一项涉及 41 位居民的全面调查。调查结果不仅让我们深入了解了社区居民的需求，也为针对这一特殊人群量身定制电子服务奠定了基础。考虑到调查结果，我们进一步推出了 "MoulPharmacy"，一个旨在简化非处方药购买流程的在线平台。MoulPharmacy "的主要目标是通过提供方便用户的界面来实现无缝购药，从而在消费者和本地药店之间架起一座桥梁。通过该平台，当地居民可以轻松订购药品，还能享受送货上门的便利服务。为了了解数字能力有限的国家对 "MoulPharmacy "的看法和潜在采用因素，我们对 20 名摩洛哥公民进行了用户研究，以探讨网站美学、易用性和整体购买流程等方面的问题。综合调查和用户研究的结果，我们发现这项研究有助于深入了解面临数字挑战的国家公民的独特需求。"MoulPharmacy "不仅解决了居民面临的实际挑战，还为未来为数字能力有限的国家设计的网上药店相关平台的发展开创了先例。这项研究通过考察这一人群的特殊要求，确立了可指导创建定制解决方案的基本设计原则，从而促进在资源有限的环境中采用电子服务。

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引用次数: 0

Research on design thinking workshop based on protocol analysis: A case study of library usage scenarios 基于协议分析的设计思维工作坊研究：图书馆使用场景案例研究

Advanced Design Research

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadr.2024.09.002

Qing Sheng , Nan Liu , Chenlu Zhou , Suhan Li , Zihao Wang

Design thinking has a broad range of applications beyond the design field, such as in libraries. However, significant differences remain between designers and non-designers in using design thinking tools for innovation. This study investigated these distinctions by examining the design thinking process. In a design thinking workshop focused on library usage, we recruited three groups of participants consisting of both designers and non-designers, who were assigned the same tasks and conducted similar activities. Through protocol analysis, significant cognitive differences between designers and non-designers in the design thinking process were found to involve information intention, long-term memory, working memory, creative thinking, and externalization. We concluded that the involvement of a designer is optimal for non-designers when using design thinking for innovation, particularly during the problem-framing stage. Additionally, we summarized the challenges faced by non-designers in utilizing design thinking for innovation and provided recommendations for improving design thinking workshops, including considerations for time management and staff allocation.

设计思维在设计领域之外也有广泛的应用，比如图书馆。然而，在使用设计思维工具进行创新方面，设计师和非设计师之间仍然存在着明显的差异。本研究通过考察设计思维过程来研究这些区别。在一次以图书馆使用为主题的设计思维研讨会上，我们招募了三组参与者，其中既有设计师也有非设计师，他们被分配了相同的任务，并开展了类似的活动。通过协议分析，我们发现设计者和非设计者在设计思维过程中存在明显的认知差异，涉及信息意向、长期记忆、工作记忆、创造性思维和外化。我们得出结论，在使用设计思维进行创新时，尤其是在问题框架阶段，设计师的参与对非设计师来说是最佳选择。此外，我们还总结了非设计师在利用设计思维进行创新时所面临的挑战，并提出了改进设计思维研讨会的建议，包括对时间管理和人员分配的考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Design interventions for sustainable eating: Case studies across UK and China 可持续饮食的设计干预：英国和中国的案例研究

Advanced Design Research

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadr.2024.06.001

Fangzhou You , Han Jiang , Yuelai Liu , Ying Jiang

The promotion of sustainable and healthy eating habits plays a pivotal role in enhancing the overall sustainability of food systems and addressing environmental pressures. Defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a lifestyle that is ‘low in environmental impact, convenient, affordable, safe and fair, and culturally acceptable.’ Recent technological advancements have expanded designers' exploration and innovative approaches to design for sustainable eating and reduce environmental impacts on food wastage. Design for Sustainable Behaviour (DfSB) has emerged as a valuable framework guiding the design, selection and evaluation of behaviour change interventions aimed at fostering responsible consumption and sustainable practices. This paper conducted four case studies to provide an overview of design practices in the field of design for sustainable eating via the lens of DfSB, focusing on technology-enabled behaviour change interventions to promote responsible food consumption. This paper contributes to the development of design interventions towards fostering sustainable eating behaviour whilst outlining the position of technology-enabled behaviour change. The findings provide design-focused insights for the creative industry in shaping sustainable food consumption towards a sustainable food system.

推广可持续和健康的饮食习惯在提高粮食系统的整体可持续性和应对环境压力方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。世界卫生组织（WHO）将可持续饮食定义为一种 "对环境影响小、方便、经济、安全、公平、文化上可接受 "的生活方式。最近的技术进步扩大了设计师们的探索范围，他们用创新的方法来设计可持续饮食，减少食物浪费对环境的影响。可持续行为设计（DfSB）已成为指导设计、选择和评估旨在促进负责任消费和可持续做法的行为改变干预措施的重要框架。本文进行了四项案例研究，通过 DfSB 的视角概述了可持续饮食设计领域的设计实践，重点关注技术驱动的行为改变干预措施，以促进负责任的食品消费。本文在概述技术驱动的行为改变的同时，对促进可持续饮食行为的设计干预的发展做出了贡献。研究结果为创意产业提供了以设计为重点的见解，有助于塑造可持续的食品消费，实现可持续的食品体系。

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引用次数: 0

Design as an agent of narratives: A matrix and framework for incorporating narratives into design processes 设计是叙述的媒介：将叙事纳入设计过程的矩阵和框架

Advanced Design Research

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadr.2024.07.003

Cara Shaw, Farnaz Nickpour

Narratives are a deep-rooted channel for expressing and communicating individual and collective human experiences, perceptions, and interpretations of reality. As agents of material culture and embodiment, designers inherently embed and embody narratives through their work, whether consciously and intentionally or not. As such, design inherently serves as an agent of narratives. However, there is an urgent need to challenge and advance the archetypal role of design from inadvertently embodying and perpetuating dominant narratives, to instead becoming a proactive, critical, and generative agent responsible for uncovering, interrogating, speculating, and scaling a diversity of narrative ‘sources’ and ‘statuses’ within the design process and beyond. In this article, narratives and their neighboring concepts are explored across various disciplines before the state and impact of narratives within user-centered design contexts are discussed. A ‘Narrative Matrix’ is outlined, and a Conceptual Framework is proposed which frames design as an agent of narratives through three strategic narrative stages: (1) acknowledgement and capture, (2) negotiation and speculation, and (3) embedding and scaling. The implications and possibilities for incorporating narratives in design and innovation processes are discussed, covering the potential to amplify marginalized voices, advance equality, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in design practice, and bring about systemic change and transformative impact.

叙事是一种根深蒂固的渠道，用于表达和交流人类个体和集体的经验、感知和对现实的解释。作为物质文化和体现的媒介，设计师通过他们的作品，有意无意地嵌入和体现了叙事。因此，设计本质上就是叙事的媒介。然而，我们亟需挑战和推进设计的原型角色，从无意中体现和延续主流叙事，转变为主动、批判和创造性的媒介，负责在设计过程内外发掘、审问、推测和扩展叙事 "来源 "和 "状态 "的多样性。本文在讨论用户中心设计中叙事的状态和影响之前，探讨了不同学科中的叙事及其相关概念。文章概述了一个 "叙事矩阵"，并提出了一个概念框架，通过三个战略性叙事阶段，将设计框定为叙事的媒介：(1) 承认和捕获，(2) 协商和推测，以及 (3) 嵌入和扩展。讨论了将叙事纳入设计和创新过程的意义和可能性，包括放大边缘化声音的潜力，在设计实践中推进平等、多样性和包容性（EDI），以及带来系统性变化和变革性影响。

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引用次数: 0

Component and resource expressions for trimming method based on Extenics 基于 Extenics 的修剪方法的组件和资源表达式

Advanced Design Research

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadr.2024.09.001

Zhonghang Bai , Linyang Li , Wen Wang , Huining Pei

Trimming is an effective tool for the iteration and simplification of product systems. Nonetheless, as product complexity continues to increase, current methodologies face challenges in efficiently recognizing system resources and directing the distribution of functionalities. To address these issues, in this study, we apply the Extenics theory during the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) trimming procedure for the modeling of component property, which advances effective retrieval rules for resource mining, aiming to resolve component conflicts, and thereby, improving resource utilization. The methodology is detailed as follows: (1) We described the component properties as matter-elements and created a six-dimensional property list for the components; (2) we conducted resource analysis with extension transformation aimed at obtaining the useful functions of the components to be trimmed; and (3) we categorized resources based on their properties. Subsequently, we formulated a systematic rule for resource exploration, which progresses from internal to external resources and is ready to use differential resources. Ultimately, we validated the feasibility of the proposed method by applying it to an inverter-type air plasma cutting machine. In summary, we established a robust design approach and methodological process that mitigates subjectivity, minimizes the randomness of resource identification, and augments both productivity and precision in product innovation.

裁剪是迭代和简化产品系统的有效工具。然而，随着产品复杂性的不断增加，当前的方法在有效识别系统资源和指导功能分配方面面临着挑战。为了解决这些问题，在本研究中，我们在创造性问题解决理论（TRIZ）的修剪程序中应用了 Extenics 理论，对组件属性进行建模，为资源挖掘提供了有效的检索规则，旨在解决组件冲突，从而提高资源利用率。具体方法如下(1) 我们将组件属性描述为物质元素，并创建了组件的六维属性列表；(2) 我们通过扩展变换进行资源分析，旨在获取待裁剪组件的有用功能；(3) 我们根据资源属性对资源进行分类。随后，我们制定了系统的资源探索规则，从内部资源到外部资源，并准备使用差异资源。最后，我们将所提出的方法应用于一台逆变式空气等离子切割机，验证了该方法的可行性。总之，我们建立了一种稳健的设计方法和方法论流程，可减轻主观性，将资源识别的随机性降至最低，并提高产品创新的生产率和精确度。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of color temperature and time gradients on visual fatigue recovery in closed cabin 色温和时间梯度对封闭舱内视觉疲劳恢复的影响

Advanced Design Research

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadr.2024.07.002

Mingjiu Yu , Jing Chen , Jun Qian , Quanjingzi Yuan , Hao Fan , Gongbing Shan

The working environment of a closed cabin is particularly prone to inducing visual fatigue among visual display terminal (VDT) operators. Once visual fatigue symptoms set in, the limited space of the closed cabin and its monotonous visual environment make it challenging to alleviate visual fatigue by disregarding the fatigue. Fifteen healthy male participants aged 20–25 years were recruited for the study, and the results were statistically significant. The fatigue recovery degrees under three lighting color temperatures (3000 K, 4500 K, and 6000 K) and three recovery durations (5 min, 10 min, and 15 min) in a closed cabin were studied. The visual fatigue scale and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale were employed to collect subjective fatigue data from the participants, while objective visual fatigue data were obtained using an eye tracker. After 5 min of rest, the rate of change in pupil diameter at low temperatures was significantly greater than that at high temperatures (P = 0.033). The results indicated that recovery under the 3000 K light environment was beneficial for alleviating and eliminating visual fatigue, while a 6000 K light environment helped improve the alertness of VDT operators. Recovery time significantly impacted the recovery degree of visual fatigue, with the recovery degree increasing as recovery time increased. Color temperature and recovery time interacted significantly (P = 0.011), and the light environment parameters showed a significant impact only at short recovery times. This paper also introduced a visual fatigue recovery index to measure the degree of visual fatigue recovery, and the index was used to verify the experimental results. The research holds significant reference value for selecting ambient lighting color temperatures in resting rooms.

封闭式机舱的工作环境特别容易诱发视觉显示终端（VDT）操作员的视觉疲劳。一旦出现视觉疲劳症状，封闭式机舱有限的空间和单调的视觉环境使得通过忽视疲劳来缓解视觉疲劳成为一种挑战。研究招募了 15 名 20-25 岁的健康男性参与者，结果具有统计学意义。研究了在封闭舱室中三种照明色温（3000 K、4500 K 和 6000 K）和三种恢复持续时间（5 分钟、10 分钟和 15 分钟）下的疲劳恢复程度。采用视觉疲劳量表和卡罗林斯卡嗜睡量表收集参与者的主观疲劳数据，同时使用眼动仪获得客观视觉疲劳数据。休息 5 分钟后，低温下瞳孔直径的变化率明显大于高温下（P = 0.033）。结果表明，3000 K 光环境下的恢复有利于缓解和消除视觉疲劳，而 6000 K 光环境则有助于提高 VDT 操作员的警觉性。恢复时间明显影响视觉疲劳的恢复程度，恢复程度随着恢复时间的延长而增加。色温和恢复时间有明显的交互作用（P = 0.011），而光环境参数只有在恢复时间较短时才有明显影响。本文还引入了视觉疲劳恢复指数来衡量视觉疲劳的恢复程度，并用该指数来验证实验结果。该研究对休息室环境照明色温的选择具有重要的参考价值。

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引用次数: 0

Withdrawal notice to: The five-factor model, social network, and social influence in instant messaging groups [Adv. Des. Res. 2 (2024) 14–25] 撤回通知：即时通讯群组中的五因素模型、社会网络和社会影响力 [Adv. Des. Res. 2 (2024) 14-25]

Advanced Design Research

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadr.2024.07.001

I-Cheng Chang , Jiun-Yu You , David C. Yen

引用次数: 0

Research on assist design strategy of electric garden tools driven by data and intelligence 研究以数据和智能为驱动的电动园艺工具辅助设计策略

Advanced Design Research

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadr.2024.09.003

Xuerui Li, Junhui Lin, Qing Li, Wen Cao

This study proposes an artificial intelligence (AI) assited design strategy for electric gardening tools, focusing on direct interaction between workers and tools. Using electric pruning shears as a case study, the research first identifies the actual needs of gardening workers through on-site interviews. By applying the KANO model and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), the critical requirements of gardening workers are precisely determined. Subsequently, generative AI is utilized to generate design solutions based on these identified needs. Designers draw inspiration from AI-generated solutions and assess and score them separately, comparing trained and untrained ones based on the KANO-FAHP model. Significantly improved evaluation scores are observed for the trained solutions. The KANO-FAHP-AI design approach proposed in this study presents a novel pathway for designing electric gardening tools.

本研究针对电动园艺工具提出了人工智能辅助设计策略，重点关注工人与工具之间的直接互动。研究以电动剪枝剪为案例，首先通过现场访谈确定园艺工人的实际需求。通过应用 KANO 模型和模糊分析层次过程 (FAHP)，精确确定了园艺工人的关键需求。随后，根据这些已确定的需求，利用人工智能生成器生成设计方案。设计人员从人工智能生成的解决方案中汲取灵感，并根据 KANO-FAHP 模型对训练有素和未经训练的解决方案进行比较，分别对它们进行评估和打分。经过训练的解决方案的评估得分显著提高。本研究提出的 KANO-FAHP-AI 设计方法为电动园艺工具的设计提供了一条新途径。

引用次数: 0