Advanced Physics Research最新文献

Advanced medical solutions rely on dependable biomechanical modeling. An enduring challenge in the constitutive modeling of soft tissue is delicately balancing model complexity, goodness-of-fit, and parameter identifiability, all of which impact the reliability of material behavior predictions under mechanical loading. It is established that biomechanical constitutive models, whether physically motivated or neural network derived, are typically sloppy from the information theory perspective. By analyzing the sensitivity matrix associated with posterior distributions of the constitutive parameters, a consistent pattern revealing the regularity in parameter combinations across experimental protocols characterizing tissue mechanical behavior and prior beliefs with varying levels of informativeness is discovered. The discovered pattern inspires to construct a sloppiness-based parameter hyperspace and proposes a model reduction program that performs model optimization by exploring four sub-hyperspaces. The proposed program offers a guide for effectively simplifying models while tightly ensuring parameter identifiability and prediction accuracy. Clear improvements are showcased to the brain tissue constitutive models discovered by neural networks and a physically motivated constitutive model of the human patellar tendon.

Nitride-based Micro-light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) is now spreading into the field of display technology, which has been dominated by liquid crystal display (LCD), and organic LED (OLED). While high-power LEDs for solid-state lighting have been matured for many years, Micro-LEDs present significant challenges in manufacturing and characterization. This paper explores recent developments in Micro-LED display, providing an overview of current technologies and future possibilities in this field. This review focuses on the key technologies involved in manufacturing Micro-LEDs, including epitaxy and chip processing, mass transfer, driving, bonding, and detection technologies. It further summarizes the emerging applications of Micro-LEDs in full-color displays, flexible displays, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality displays (VR).

A Photonic Crystal Fiber sensor has been proposed, featuring an octagonal cladding and a hollow core, designed specifically for detecting kerosene adulteration. The sensor's performance is evaluated through numerical simulations across frequencies ranging from 1.0 to 3 THz. Kerosene is established into the innermost hole of the structure, and the strut size is adjusted to analyze the sensor's functionality at THz frequencies. At 2.2 THz, the sensor demonstrated impressive results, with a relative sensitivity of around 96.80%, an effective mode loss (EML) of 0.00667 cm⁻¹, and a very low confinement loss of ≈6.78 × 10^⁻8 dB m⁻¹. This high sensitivity and precision make the proposed detector a promising tool for identifying kerosene adulteration, ensuring consumers receive high-quality petroleum products. Additionally, modern techniques like extrusion and 3D printing can be employed to manufacture the photonic crystal fiber indicator.

Focused ion beam (FIB) milling with Ga-ions enabled early success in fabricating photonic cavities in organic crystals, advancing crystal photonic foundry. However, Ga-ion milling often causes contamination and amorphization. In contrast, Xe-ion plasma milling, with its inertness, faster milling, smoother finishes, and reduced sidewall damage, presents a promising alternative. This study introduces Xe-ion plasma milling for coumarin-153 dye crystals, to fabricate precise disc (DR1 and DR2) and ring resonators (RR1 and RR2). These resonators, crucial for sensors and photonic integrated circuits, support sustained light recirculation and enhanced optical signals, evident as resonant modes in photoluminescence spectra. Finite element analysis confirms the expected resonant optical modes and strong optical field localization near the resonators' outer boundaries, highlighting the FIB milling potential for advancing organic crystal photonics.

Single-Spin Manipulation of Quantum Systems

Various quantum systems such as color centers, quantum dots, atoms, and molecules have demonstrated their capability for single-spin manipulation, which paves the way for new ideas and infinite possibilities in quantum information science. In review 2400146, Fei Gao, Chuancheng Jia, Xuefeng Guo and co-workers discuss in detail the progress and challenges of single-rotation manipulation and detection in the aforementioned quantum systems, and provide insights for future directions of research.

Quantum Oscillation Measurement

The circular motion of electrons in a magnetic field can be visualized in a Teltron tube. Electrons in metals behave in a similar way, leading to characteristic oscillations of observables. In review 2400134, Johannes Knolle and co-workers explain how they found new oscillations due to nonlinear couplings between multiple electron orbits. Cover image by Criss Hohmann (MCQST).

Nanofluidics, the study of fluid behaviors under nanoscale confinement, is driving transformative innovations in water and energy technologies. This rapidly evolving field leverages unique physical and chemical phenomena such as enhanced ion transport and tunable fluid interactions, enabling breakthrough advancements in critical applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of theoretical frameworks and technological innovations facilitated by nanofluidics, highlighting its implications across diverse domains. Key applications include water treatment and desalination, where advanced nanostructured materials enable superior selectivity and efficiency in molecular and ionic separations. The principles of nanofluidics also offer new pathways for renewable energy generation, including harvesting osmotic energy and optimizing energy storage systems. Additionally, the integration of nanofluidics into carbon dioxide capture and utilization processes has opened new horizons for addressing climate change by enhancing reaction efficiencies and facilitating sustainable resource cycles. By bridging fundamental nanoscale science with innovative applications, nanofluidics presents a transformative approach for addressing global challenges in water security, sustainable energy, and environmental management. The review concludes by discussing scaling challenges, interdisciplinary opportunities, and the promising future directions of nanofluidic technologies for sustainable development.

As the AI era advances, there has been increasing interest in the next-generation memory capable of low-power operation as well as high performance. HfO₂-based ferroelectric random-access memory (FeRAM) has been extensively studied for its simple structure similar to that of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and high power efficiency. However, due to the limited endurance of HfO₂ and the high coercive field (E_c) arising from its high energy barrier for polarization switching, the commercialization of the low-power FeRAM faces several challenges. To address these issues, this perspective reviews current scientific approaches and experimental advances aimed at achieving low voltage switching in ferroelectric HfO₂ thin films by reducing either E_c or film thickness. Key strategies including controlling types and number of dopants in HfO₂, decreasing free energy of the intermediate tetragonal phase, achieving metal-excess rhombohedral phase, controlling oxygen vacancy concentration, and enhancing domain wall motion are reviewed based on theory as well as experimental demonstrations. Especially, recent progress in achieving low voltage operation in ferroelectric HfO₂ capacitors via sub-5 nm thickness scaling are highlighted. Overall, the importance of precise material and process control to overcome current technical limitations in device scalability and reliability is emphasized, casting an optimistic outlook on the future of ferroelectric memory technology.

Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) involve the oscillation of free electrons, leading to the maximum absorption of light by nanostructures at a specific wavelength. This absorption generates an action force exerted by the light on the nanostructures, with a corresponding reaction force—equal in magnitude but opposite in direction—arising from the plasmonic resonances. Additionally, the optical force exerted by light on nanostructures results in jerks or changes in its reaction force over time as it interacts with light. Through mathematical modeling, the reaction forces and jerks on large-area LSPR chips are determined using basic absorbance and reflection measurements performed with UV-Visible spectroscopy on gold nanomushrooms. The system tested, immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody and its complementary antibody complex, revealed forces of 6 and 6.26 pN respectively. These main findings and especially the equations for reaction force and jerk, enhance our understanding of absorbance and reflection spectra obtained from UV-Visible spectroscopy. The developed model can be applied to analyze light-induced forces experienced by micro/nano/bio material systems using simple UV-Visible spectroscopy techniques.