Advanced Sensor Research最新文献

Electrochemical Biosensors

Accessible diagnostics are essential to maintain public health and prevent the spread of infectious disease. High-quality disposable gold electrodes are reported that enable cost-effective biosensing. These electrodes are readily modified with DNA, and they support the sensitive monitoring of protein activity. More details can be found in article 2400058 by Ariel L. Furst and co-workers.

Biomolecular sensing is routinely implemented in healthcare industries for disease diagnostics. Copper nanoparticles efficiently mimic peroxidase, which is needed for efficient glucose and glutathione sensing. However, bare copper nanoparticles are toxic to humans, therefore, anchoring materials are needed to prevent health hazards. Among the carbon-based anchoring materials, graphene and its derivatives have already been implemented. However, due to poor C–Cu interaction, copper incorporation is inefficient in those systems, which necessitates the exploration of new suitable anchoring platforms. Nitrogen-rich carbon nitride C₃N₆ with edge nitrogen atoms and plenty of in-built vacancy sites in its lattice, apart from its facile synthesis, low cost, scalable production, and non-toxic nature; offers excellent candidature for this purpose. Cu-loaded mC₃N₆ (Cu-mC₃N₆) nanozyme is synthesized employing hard silica template SBA-15 and aminoguanidine hydrochloride and hydrated copper nitrate. First, peroxidase-like activity is investigated for Cu-mC₃N₆ nanozyme with chromogenic 3,3′,5,5′- tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) dye, followed by calorimetric detection of glutathione and glucose. Edge nitrogen active sites in the mC₃N₆ accommodate higher copper loading, resulting in enhanced peroxidase-like activity and glutathione biosensing performance with a low detection limit of 0.42 ppm. It is believed that the present research will inspire the development of future-generation nanozymes.

Aptasensor

By utilizing the aptamers as the recognition elements, noble metal nanoparticle-based aptasensors offer a promising platform for rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive in situ detection of cell-secreted exosomes. More details can be found in article 2400002 by Hongjun Wang and co-workers.

Nonlinear Optomechanical Anemometer

A fiber-tip optomechanical anemometer features a 3D rotor spinning in response to airflow, integrated with an optical fiber. Nonlinear damping, introduced as a fourth dimension, stabilizes the rotor for precise flow measurement using polydimethylsiloxane. This innovative design enables compact, accurate sensing of gaseous flows with broad optical compatibility, highlighting the breakthrough in fluid dynamic sensing technology. More details can be found in article 2400080 by Jeremiah C. Williams and Hengky Chandrahalim.

Canister-based air purification respirators are frontline personnel's first point of defense against airborne contaminants. Tremendous advancements in filtration and purification materials have occurred in recent years, particularly with the advent of multifunctional, high-surface-area materials. Despite these, a significant challenge remains for canisters, and that is knowing when, without a doubt, they should be replaced. Residual lifetime indicators (RLIs) are essential for informing wearers when to make an active decision to replace their canister. RLIs can also be used to inform policymakers of appropriate changeover schedules, thereby reducing the wearer's risk of becoming exposed to airborne contaminants. This paper discusses some of the challenges with current changeover approaches and examines key issues for incorporating RLIs into canister respirators. A variety of sensor technologies and methodologies are examined, along with some recent RLI developments in the research and patent literature. A discussion on the challenges for making RLIs more amenable for incorporation into canisters is provided, along with recommendations for future development.

Advancements in live audio processing, specifically in sound classification and audio captioning technologies, have widespread applications ranging from surveillance to accessibility services. However, traditional methods encounter scalability and energy efficiency challenges. To overcome these, Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENG) are explored for energy harvesting, particularly in live-streaming sound monitoring systems. This study introduces a sustainable methodology integrating TENG-based sensors into live sound monitoring pipelines, enhancing energy-efficient sound classification and captioning by model selection and fine-tuning strategies. Our cost-effective TENG sensor harvests ambient sound vibrations and background noise, producing up to 1.2 µW cm⁻² output power and successfully charging capacitors. This shows its capability for sustainable energy harvesting. The system achieves 94.3% classification accuracy using the Hierarchical Token Semantic Audio Transformer (HTS-AT) model identified as optimal for live sound event monitoring. Additionally, continuous audio captioning using the EnCodec Combining Neural Audio Codec and Audio-Text Joint Embedding for Automated Audio Captioning model (EnCLAP) showcases rapid and precise processing capabilities that are suitable for live-streaming environments. The Bidirectional Encoder representation from the Audio Transformers (BEATs) model also demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving an accuracy of 97.25%. These models were fine-tuned using the TENG-recorded ESC-50 dataset, ensuring the system's adaptability to diverse sound conditions. Overall, this research significantly contributes to the development of energy-efficient sound monitoring systems with wide-ranging implications across various sectors.

Palladium and platinum are non-endogenous precious group 10 metals that are extensively used for catalytic materials, electronics, and drugs. These heavy metals have recently gained more attention in biomedical applications and drug development. At the same time, concerns arising from metal content in various sample types have provoked chemists to develop reliable analytical tools to evaluate the internalization of these metals. Fluorescence chemosensors serve as crucial tools for analytical chemistry and molecular imaging. In view of this, small molecular fluorescent chemosensors are attractive candidates because of their high sensitivity and non-destructive nature for molecular imaging. This mini-review summarizes recent examples of palladium and platinum chemosensors, and their detection mechanisms are highlighted with the applications used in the studies. Moreover, a brief discussion on sensor design and outlook is given as a reference for future palladium and platinum chemosensor development.