Annals of Agrarian Science最新文献

A field experiment was carried out at Rice Research Station, Khudwani Anantnag (J&K) India during kharif 2008–2009 to study the efficacy of leaf extracts of some medicinal plants viz, P.communis, M. longifolia, C. officinalis, C. album, C. sativa and D. stramonium as seed treatment and foliar sprays against rice blast disease in-vivo. The experiment was laid down in (RBD) with three replications. The incidence and severity of blast disease was recorded at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 days after sowing by using SES (0–9) scale. The results revealed that seeds of rice variety China −1007 treated with leaf extracts of Pyrus communis @ 250mlkg⁻¹ seeds recorded lowest disease incidence (0.16%), least disease severity (0.10%) and only three days for the germination/sprouting of seeds, superior seedling vigour index (4.0) and remarkably significant increase in grain yield in both the conditions as compared to control followed by Calendula officinalis (incidence = 0.60% and severity = 0.20%) and Mentha longifolia (incidence = 0.65% and severity = 0.25%) with remarkable 4 days of seed germination/sprouting. Other plant leaves extracts were also found effective but to a lesser extent. The results also indicate that the three sprays of standard solution @ 15% of leaf extract of Pyrus communis greatly exterminated disease incidence suppression (3.43%) on tillering, (4.15%) on booting and (0.11%) on neck stages of the crop. Apart of treatments, low grain yield, maximum disease incidence on tillering (20.00%), booting (22.41%) and neck blast stages (2.21%) was observed in unsprayed plots.

Against the backdrop of climate changes and the acceleration of desertification processes currently taking place in the world, the measures of effective usage, improvement, increase of fertilization and protection of the agriculturally valuable soils and brings to covering soils by water, due to various construction works, especially during reservoir construction into agricultural turnover are highly appreciated in the Republic of Armenia.

The agricultural productivity features of the chernozems of Kaps, Jradzor and Aregnadem communities which will be covered due to the construction of Kaps reservoir have been studied. Measures required for usage and storage of the fertile layer of the soil excavated during the reservoir construction have been proposed.

This study investigates potential of neuro-fuzzy strategy in prognostication of draft parameters of primary tillage implement. To this aim, computer simulation environment of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was employed to simulate field data of tillage operations with moldboard plow implement. The field trials were conducted at three levels of forward speed (2, 4 and 6 km/h) and three levels of plowing depth (10, 20 and 30 cm). The plowing depth and forward speed were marked as independent input variables and the draft parameters (draft force and specific draft force) were labeled as dependent output variables in the ANFIS simulation environment. The ANFIS results were compared to those obtained by the equation standardized by American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) based on statistical descriptor parameters. Results revealed that the outperforming ANFIS model with acceptable statistical descriptor parameters was more accurate than the ASABE model for prognostication of the draft parameters. The ANFIS modeling results presented that simultaneous increment of forward speed and plowing depth resulted in nonlinear increment of draft force from the lowest bound (<4 kN) to the highest bound (>20 kN). Meanwhile, forward speed increment along with plowing depth decrement resulted in nonlinear increment of specific draft force from the lowest bound (<32 kN/m²) to the highest bound (>120 kN/m²). Furthermore, interaction of forward speed and plowing depth on draft force was congruent. However, it was incongruent in case of specific draft force. According to potential of the ANFIS model assessed in this study, the proposed model can be served as an efficient alternative modeling tool for direct prognostication of the draft parameters of an implement during tillage operations associated with concurrent changes of forward speed and plowing depth.

The work is dedicated to the establishment of an ecological condition of the pastures in central mountainous part of Kakheti region located in Eastern Georgia. Namely, studies have been carried out on grass at its various phenological stages from pastures, located near the villages of Akhmeta, Sagarejo and Gurjaani municipalities. Studies of heavy metals content (copper, lead, cadmium and zinc) in grass have been performed through differential-pulse polarographic method. Based on the results obtained, it has been established that the quantitative concentration of heavy metals in grass collected in the above-mentioned municipalities is fully in line with international standards and does not exceed permissible limits thus clearly indicating to soil and overall ecological purity of the region, in general.

At the territory of Tbilisi, in order to forecast strength of vulnerable slope, existed at the river Gldaniskhevi catchment basin, a topographical map of the located slope has been done where the characteristic section line has been chosen and 3 pores have been arranged. Soil samples have been taken out of the pores, according to the results of the laboratory researches on them lithological structure of the rocks has been determined, also the geological section of the territory has been made; physical features of the soil strength factors, characteristics of the slopes resistant in case of natural and wet states, has been determined.

According to the gained landslide body data and forecast, done with the use of approbated method, it can be said, that landslide running at the vulnerable slope of the Gldaniskhevi river is in its active phase, that poses great ecological danger to the population of Mamkoda settlement, agjoining the slope, as well as to the traffic of the autobahn.

Both RAPD and protein markers were to estimate genetic diversity present in eight varieties of soybean. Of the nineteen random primers used fourteen produced 83 bands 62 being polymorphic generating polymorphism of 74.69% level. Similar level of (72.58%) polymorphism was generated by 12 pair-wise combinations of primers. Five of the paired combinations did not generate banding patterns. Two of the paired combination (OPC-5 + OPC-15) and (OPC-5 + OPC-17) produced unique banding patterns for all the eight varieties. The bands generated by paired combinations of primers were common to one of the primers in 21% cases however 79% of them were found novel and can be used to reveal additional polymorphism. The polymorphism generated by SDS-PAGE remained very less compared to RAPD analysis. The estimation of pairwise similarity coefficient using Jaccard's similarity index based on RAPD revealed approximately 70% similarity among the genotype studied that is diversity being 30% only. Average similarity shown by SDS-PAGE was much higher (81%) than RAPD based similarity estimates. The clustering based on UPGMA analysis of RAPD profiling separated all the varieties whereas SDS-PAGE grouped three varieties together at 100% similarity. Thus, it was concluded that the material though comes from diverse sources but had narrow genetic base.

Three potent strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with bacteriocin producing abilities have been isolated from homemade buttermilk. They can produce proteinaceous bacteriocins in the medium which are resistant to heat (121 °C for 15 min) and can tolerate range of pH from 3.0 to 11.0. They were found to be Gram positive, non-motile, non-endospore forming, coccoid structures. The strains LABW1 and LABW3 were present in chains while LABW4 were present singly or in pairs. By considering the 16S rDNA sequence homologies and phylogenetic analysis LABW1 and LABW3 were identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. hordniae where as LABW4 was identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Maximum extracellular bacteriocin production by the isolates takes place in MRS medium (pH 5.0–7.0) at 28 °C and it showed strong correlation with bacterial growth. They started producing bacteriocin at early exponential phase (400 AU/ml) and reached its peak at the early stationary phase (12800 AU/ml for LABW1 and LABW3 and 25600 AU/ml for LABW4) which remain unchanged up to late stationary phase. The bacteriocin of the isolates had an antibacterial spectrum both against Gram positive as well as Gram negative pathogenic bacterial strains. The inhibition of Gram negative bacteria by bacteriocin of LAB is an unusual phenomenon. It exhibits bacteriocidal action on Staphylococcus aureus MTCC96 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC741. Prominent morphological aberrations, cell shrinkages and pore formations on cell wall of pathogenic bacterial cells upon bacteriocin treatment as evidenced from scanning electron microscope (SEM).

In Armenia the mountainous natural hayfields are the best fodder base for cattle breeding. However they are covered with superficial and slim stones, straw, bushes, located on curve surfaces and in that conditions the operational results of feed harvest machines are low. In mountainous hayfields based on КС-2.1 grass mowing machine statistical data results were created their uninterrupted work duration probability density's statistical diagram, reliability's, statistical and probable function's modification graphs. The durability's dispersal hysteresis of eliminating failures, statistical and theoretical functions' modification graphs. The analysis result of researches shows that the operational reliability of grass mowing machine is very low. The results are shown in table. The failures' reasons are clarified. The goal is to raise the grass mowing machine operational reliability with two ways simultaneously – to improve the landscape surface areas and make durability calculation for finger and finger beam and process rational methods of repairing them for raising their firmness.

Objectives

construction of agricultural environmental soil antibiotic resistance profile of the culturable bacteria in Kalyani, India, followed by the screening of ESBL producers harboring bla_tem, bla_shv, and bla_ctx-M.

Methods

158 Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria were isolated from 18 agricultural sampling points in Kalyani, West Bengal, India followed by their Antibiotic resistance profiling against 15 test antibiotics. They were then screened for the presence of three Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) genes, namely bla_tem, bla_ctx-M and bla_shv by Double Disk Diffusion test and Polymerase Chain Reaction. The positive candidates were further identified using Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis followed by 16S rDNA sequencing.

Results

lowest resistance was observed against Vancomycin (0%) whereas the highest against the β lactam Ampicillin (97.5%). Very high resistance was observed against the 3rd generation cephalosporin Cefotaxime (90%). 16/158 bacterial isolates were positive for one or more of the three ESBL genes under investigation. 11 out of those 16 isolates (68.75%) harbored at least 2 genes and the rest 31.25% either had the bla_shv or the bla_tem gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the prevalent ESBL carrying organisms in the region demonstrated that the genes are being horizontally transferred across different bacterial orders and classes.

Conclusion

Significant antimicrobial resistance noted against 12 out of 15 antibiotics tested. Stenotrophomonas, Myroides, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Serratia are found as culturable MDR bacteria carrying ESBL genes among the isolates. It is the first report of environmental ESBL carriage by Myroides isolated from India.

The article deals with the results of modern research conducted on a famous Nabeghlavi Mineral Water deposit. In the last years the deposit was influences by the natural disaster and mandatory restoration works, therefore necessity of reassessment of the exploitation reserves came up to the agenda. Hydrogelogical and hydrochemical studies had been carried out. Hydrogeological studies revealed the complex hydrogeological and geofiltration conditions and geochemical diversity of the deposit. Based on the chemical and microbiological researched, the quality of the mineral waters and the conformity with the requirements for the category of mineral water were determined (2003/40/EC).

Based on 2 year monitoring results, the exploitation reserves of the deposit is calculated by using hydrodynamic, hydraulic and balance methods. Reliability of the used methods is assessed. It is determined that the total watershed exploitation output of the deposit is fully secured by the natural resources of water bearing complex of middle ეocene volcanogenic rocks.