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Genetic variability, character association and genetic divergence studies in castor (Ricinus communis L.) 蓖麻(Ricinus communis L.)遗传变异、性状关联及遗传差异研究
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aasci.2018.02.004
Rukhsar , M.P. Patel , D.J. Parmar , Sushil Kumar

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important inedible oilseed crop which, has a great value in industry, pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors. The present study aimed to estimate the nature and magnitude of variability present in castor genotypes with respect to yield and its contributing traits. A study with 15 genotypes on variability, correlation, path and genetic divergence was carried out for thirteen characters. The variability in oil content ranged from 46.75% to 51.71%. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for number of capsules on main raceme. Positive association of number of nodes up to primary raceme and total length of primary raceme was observed with seed yield per plant hence, these traits may be directly attributed for the improvement of seed yield. The path coefficient analysis demonstrated that utmost positive direct effect on seed yield per plant was exerted by total length of primary raceme (0.62). Mahalanobis D2 statistic grouped the 15 genotypes into seven clusters. Number of capsules on main raceme contributed much to the total genetic divergence. Selection of genotypes from diverse clusters like cluster II and V, and cluster II and VII for hybridization programme would help in achieving novel recombinants. In conclusion, for the improvement of seed yield the main emphasis should be given on total length of primary raceme and number of nodes up to primary raceme. However, shelling out turn should also be taken into account to improve oil percentage.

蓖麻(Ricinus communis L.)是一种重要的非食用油籽作物,在工业、医药和农业等领域具有重要价值。本研究旨在估计蓖麻基因型在产量及其贡献性状方面的变异性的性质和程度。采用15个基因型对13个性状进行变异、相关、通径和遗传分化研究。含油量变化范围为46.75% ~ 51.71%。主总状花序蒴果数的基因型和表型变异系数较高。初生总状花序以上节数和初生总状花序总长度与单株种子产量呈正相关,这可能是单株种子产量提高的直接原因。通径分析表明,初生总状花序长度对单株种子产量的直接正向影响最大(0.62)。Mahalanobis D2统计将15个基因型分为7个簇。总状花序蒴果数对总遗传分化有很大贡献。从不同的集群中选择基因型,如集群II和V,以及集群II和VII进行杂交,将有助于获得新的重组体。综上所述,提高种子产量的重点应放在初生总状花序总长度和到初生总状花序的节数上。但是,为了提高出油率,还应考虑到脱壳转矩。
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引用次数: 15
Peculiarities of the composition of acids in Sphagnum species of the percolation bog of the Kolkheti lowland 科尔赫提低地渗滤沼泽泥炭属植物中酸组成的特点
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aasci.2018.04.012
Natela Tetemadze , Alyosha Bakuridze , Malkhaz Jokhadze , Izolda Machutadze

This paper focuses on the chemical composition of the Sphagnum species such as Sph. palustre, Sph. Papillosum, Sph. rubelum, Sph. imbricatum, Sph. cuspidatum belonging to the unique, virgin, relict, percolation bog “Ispani 2”. The determination of the content of biologically active substances in species was carried out using gas chromatography (GC-MS/MS). As it turned out, the Sphagnum contains biologically active substances such as the hexadecanoic acid - palmitic acid, fatty acid - oleic acid – Cis-9-Octadecenoil acid, and the carbohydrates such as Alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, ribofuranose and phenolic compounds - phenolic acid - Methyl 4-O-benzyl-á-D-xylopyranoside; phthalic acid or 1,2- Benzenedicarboxylic acid.

本文对Sph等泥鳅属植物的化学成分进行了研究。palustre,主任。Papillosum,主任。rubelum,主任。imbricatum,主任。虎杖属独特的,原始的,遗存的,渗透沼泽“Ispani 2”。采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS/MS)测定物种中生物活性物质的含量。结果表明,Sphagnum含有六烷酸-棕榈酸、脂肪酸-油酸-顺式-9-十八烯油酸等生物活性物质,以及α - d -葡萄糖苷、核呋喃糖等碳水化合物和酚类化合物-酚酸-甲基4- o -苄基-á-D-xylopyranoside;邻苯二甲酸或1,2-苯二甲酸。
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引用次数: 4
Feasibilty study of the technology of fatty coriander oil complex processing 香菜油脂复合加工工艺的可行性研究
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aasci.2017.10.002
V.S. Kalyna, M.V. Lutsenko, M.M. Kharytonov

Organoleptic, physico-chemical and spectro-photometric properties for unrefined and refined fatty coriander oil are determined in the present study. Physiologically active substances (unsaturated fatty acids, betacarotenes, phospholipids and chlorophylls) were identified. Fatty acid and acylglycerol content in the whole fractions (liquid and semi-solid) was determined. Characterization and comparison of properties of refined oil obtained with different techniques was performed. Developed scientifically justified method of FCO refining extraction with 96% ethyl alcohol allows decreasing the content of FFA from 8,5% to 0,2%.

It was indicated that extraction refining of FCO with ethyl alcohol as extraction agent provides elimination of FFA and do not interfere the content of natural chlorophyll in the refined oil. Application of new proposed technology provided generation of two products – “Coriander petrozelin” and coriander salad dressing oil. Technological properties of obtained products were defined. As obtained data indicates, content of SOO* acylglycerols in separated semi-solid fraction was 5.58 times higher than content of SLO* acylglycerols.

In accordance with obtained results equipment and technological scheme of complex FCO processing, comprising refining and fractional crystallization as the main stages of the process.

本研究测定了未精制和精制香菜油的感官、理化和分光光度性质。鉴定出生理活性物质(不饱和脂肪酸、β胡萝卜素、磷脂和叶绿素)。测定了全馏分(液体和半固体)中脂肪酸和酰基甘油的含量。对不同工艺制得的成品油进行了表征和性能比较。开发出科学合理的FCO精制提取方法,96%乙醇可使FFA含量从8.5%降至0.2%。结果表明,以乙醇为萃取剂提取精制鱼油,可去除鱼油中游离脂肪酸,且不影响成品油中天然叶绿素的含量。新技术的应用提供了一代“香菜油”和香菜沙拉酱油两种产品。确定了所得产品的工艺性能。所得数据表明,分离半固体馏分中SOO*酰基甘油的含量是SLO*酰基甘油含量的5.58倍。根据所得结果,设计了以精馏和分级结晶为主要工艺阶段的FCO复合加工设备和工艺方案。
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引用次数: 2
Evaluation of variations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) yield and yield components by multivariate technique 用多变量技术评价鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum L.)产量及其组成成分的变异
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aasci.2018.02.003
Peyman Sharifi , Hossein Astereki , Masoumeh Pouresmael

To estimate the extent of genetic diversity of 25 chickpea genotypes, an experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with four replications at Brojerd Agricultural Research Station during two seasons of 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. The first three principal components (PCs) explained 69.69% variation. Four groups of characters were distinguished in regard to first (PC1) and second (PC2) principal components. Factor analysis indicated that three main factors accounted 69.69% of the total variability. Three first factors accounted for 33.69%, 20.82% and 15.19% of total variability, respectively and the terms proposed for factors were ‘phenological traits’, ‘morphological traits’ and ‘yield components’. Communalities indicated that studied traits were reliable and ranged from 0.537 (canopy height) to 0.881 (seed yield). Two-dimensional ordination biplot indicated positive correlation between seed yield, pods per plant, canopy width, harvest index and biological yield. Cluster analysis grouped 25 genotypes into two main groups and four clusters. At a distance of 5, the 11 traits examined formed into two clusters. These findings can be used in breeding strategies for future hybridization programs for yield improvement and are appropriate for classification of diversity among chickpea germplasm.

为估计25个鹰嘴豆基因型的遗传多样性程度,采用随机完全区组设计,于2012-2013年和2013-2014年在Brojerd农业研究站进行了4个重复的试验。前三个主成分(PCs)解释了69.69%的变异。根据第一主成分(PC1)和第二主成分(PC2)可区分出四组性状。因子分析表明,三个主要因子占总变异的69.69%。前3个因子分别占总变异率的33.69%、20.82%和15.19%,分别为物候性状、形态性状和产量成分。群落结果表明,所研究的性状在冠层高度0.537 ~种子产量0.881之间,是可靠的。二维排序双标图显示,种子产量、单株荚果数、冠层宽度、收获指数与生物产量呈正相关。聚类分析将25个基因型分为两个主要组和四个聚类。在5的距离上,11个性状组成了两个簇。研究结果可为今后鹰嘴豆品种的杂交育种提供参考,也可用于鹰嘴豆品种多样性的分类。
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引用次数: 21
Christ's thorn formation (Paliureta spina-christi) in the Tbilisi environs (East Georgia, South Caucasus) 第比利斯郊区(东格鲁吉亚,南高加索)基督的刺状构造(Paliureta spina-christi)
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.AASCI.2018.03.008
N. Lachashvili, M. Khachidze, N. Eradze, L. Khetsuriani
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引用次数: 1
Next generation crop improvement program: Progress and prospect in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) 下一代作物改良计划:茶(Camellia sinensis (L.))的进展与展望o . Kuntze)
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aasci.2018.02.002
Anjan Hazra , Nirjhar Dasgupta , Chandan Sengupta , Sauren Das

The new arena of crop improvement program requires next generation genomic technology in combination with a high throughput precised phenotyping. The aim and efforts of the research through unified molecular-morphological approach will be fulfilled only if they can be effectively employed in the cultivation process which ultimately would be positive to the beneficiaries. Development of competent and time saving tools for assessing the varying expression of agronomic traits of a crop and understanding its genetic background is a prerequisite. Recently, the commercially important beverage crop, tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), is of prime importance for its worthwhile health-benefit attributes. Although due to some inherited bottleneckness, several advanced genomics and phenomics technologies have already been utilized in tea for crop improvement program. Attempts have been made for its yield and quality trait associated marker development and next generation phenotyping considered to be the unique point of scientific interest. Moreover, definite selection of tea varieties with specific traits is being carried out for ensuring the premium tea products and brand by barcoding technology. This review summarises the concurrent advances of scientific research in tea improvement program as well as its prospects towards the production of superior cultivars and authenticity.

作物改良计划的新领域需要下一代基因组技术与高通量精确表型相结合。只有将统一的分子形态学方法有效地应用于培养过程中,最终对受益者产生积极的影响,才能实现统一分子形态学研究的目的和努力。开发有效和省时的工具来评估作物农艺性状的不同表达和了解其遗传背景是一个先决条件。最近,商业上重要的饮料作物茶(Camellia sinensis (L.))O. Kuntze),因为其有益健康的属性而至关重要。尽管存在一些遗传瓶颈,但一些先进的基因组学和表型组学技术已经在茶叶作物改良项目中得到应用。人们对其产量和品质性状相关标记的开发和下一代表型分析进行了尝试,认为这是科学研究的独特之处。此外,通过条形码技术,明确选择具有特定性状的茶叶品种,确保茶叶产品的优质和品牌。本文综述了近年来茶叶改良工程的研究进展,并对茶叶良种的生产和茶叶的真实性进行了展望。
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引用次数: 18
Heat treatment affects regeneration, protein expression and genetic make-up of Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal 热处理对乌头藤再生、蛋白表达和基因组成的影响。Marechal
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aasci.2017.12.001
R. Sharma , P. Sharma , S. Kumar , S.N. Saxena , V. Khandelwal , M. Rizwan

High temperature affects diverse physiological, biochemical and molecular processes including gene expression and genetic stability. To demostrate this, primary leaves of moth bean were harvested from eight days old seedlings followed by heat shock treatment at 37, 42, 47 and 52 °C for 10, 20 and 30 min. The response of tissue for callusing was comparatively early in explants treated at 37, 42 and 47 °C for 10 min. However, regeneration was negatively affected by most of the heat treatments. A few polypeptides were found to be up regulated as well as down regulated with heat shock treatments. Some proteins were specifically regulated at higher temperatures of 42° and 47 °C. Two polypeptides were also up regulated in the protein profiling of callus; however, these were different than the once observed in protein profiling of leaf explant immediately after heat treatment. Moreover, these bands were found in only one treatment each, viz. one in 20 min of 47 °C (100 kD) and another in 30 min of 47 °C (36.7 kD). These may be expected to be consequence of genetic change (mutation). RAPD analysis further revealed that plantlets obtained at 47 °C generated a novel band indicating mutagenic effect of heat shock treatment.

高温影响多种生理、生化和分子过程,包括基因表达和遗传稳定性。为了证明这一点,在37、42、47和52 °C的热休克处理10、20和30 min后,从8天大的幼苗中收获蛾豆的初生叶。在37、42和47 °C处理10 min的外植体中,愈伤组织的反应相对较早。然而,大多数热处理对再生有负面影响。一些多肽被发现在热休克处理下被上调和下调。一些蛋白质在42°和47 °C的高温下被特异性调节。两种多肽在愈伤组织蛋白谱中也被上调;然而,这与热处理后叶片外植体的蛋白质谱不同。此外,这些条带只在一个处理中发现,即在47 °C (100 kD)的20 min中发现一个条带,在47 °C (36.7 kD)的30 min中发现一个条带。这些可能是基因变化(突变)的结果。RAPD分析进一步发现,在47 °C下获得的植株产生了一个新的条带,表明热休克处理具有诱变作用。
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引用次数: 2
Agflation and other modifications of inflation (the cases of Georgia and its neighboring countries) 农业通货膨胀和通货膨胀的其他变化(格鲁吉亚及其邻国的情况)
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.AASCI.2018.04.007
Vakhtang Charaia, V. Papava
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引用次数: 6
Evaluation of variations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) yield and yield components by multivariate technique 用多变量技术评价鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum L.)产量及其组成成分的变异
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.AASCI.2018.02.003
P. Sharifi, H. Astereki, M. Pouresmael
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引用次数: 23
Creation of a digital model of fields with application of DJI phantom 3 drone and the opportunities of its utilization in agriculture 利用大疆幻影3无人机创建数字农田模型及其在农业中的应用机会
Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aasci.2018.03.006
T. Hovhannisyan, P. Efendyan, M. Vardanyan

Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the economy of the Republic of Armenia. About 45% of people employed in Armenia are engaged in agriculture [1]. Innovative technologies, especially unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), can make a great contribution to the development and improvement of agriculture. The purpose of the research was to study the possibilities of application of unmanned aerial vehicles in agriculture. We have got digital models of 3 ha fields using DJI phantom 3, and this enables us to receive up-to-date information at any time and carry out a variety of analyzes and projections.

农业是亚美尼亚共和国最重要的经济部门之一。亚美尼亚约45%的就业人口从事农业。创新技术,特别是无人机,可以为农业的发展和改善做出巨大贡献。这项研究的目的是研究无人机在农业上应用的可能性。我们使用DJI phantom 3获得了3个 ha油田的数字模型,这使我们能够随时接收最新的信息,并进行各种分析和预测。
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引用次数: 17
期刊
Annals of Agrarian Science
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