Annals of Agrarian Science最新文献

Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the economy of the Republic of Armenia. About 45% of people employed in Armenia are engaged in agriculture [1]. Innovative technologies, especially unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), can make a great contribution to the development and improvement of agriculture. The purpose of the research was to study the possibilities of application of unmanned aerial vehicles in agriculture. We have got digital models of 3 ha fields using DJI phantom 3, and this enables us to receive up-to-date information at any time and carry out a variety of analyzes and projections.

In order to visualize the negative consequences of soil erosion processes running in Georgia, namely in the Gldaniskhevi ravine within the territory of Tbilisi, research field integrated polygon has been arranged on the eroded slope chosen beforehand.

At the control area of polygon 24 field experiments have been carried out to study the dynamics of the formed erosion processes under the different intensity precipitation conditions, whereby scour parameters were being measured (average depth – h, average width – b, B).

For estimating the exactness of calculations done on the results of measurings accomplished with the purpose to definite the intensity of soil erosion processes, the method of least squares have been used, on the base of which contour dependence between investigated parameters and therefore validity of the accomplished researches have been ascertained.

Simulative modeling of the soil erosion processes has been accomplished by means of special computer programs, which has shown, that during 167 days at the control area of the field polygon the eroded slope gulleying processes have been significantly strengthened, that nowadays can be also noticed on the slopes outside the polygon, on account of which can be concluded, that in order, to prevent expected landslide and debris flow phenomena in the river Gldaniskhevi ravine, implementation of urgent effective anti-erosive measures is needed.

Wine phenolics are important quality components that contribute to the color, taste and feel of wines. The majority of the phenolic constituents found in wine are grape-derived. In red wine, tannins and anthocyanins are the most important phenolic classes. Tannins contribute to the mouth feel of wines but they also form pigmented polymers in association with the anthocyanins to provide the stable pigments required to give red wine its long-term color stability [1,2]. Moreover, polyphenols also exert many favorable effects on human health, such as the inhibition of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and various cancer types [3]. By focusing on the above, our goal was to produce rose and red dry wines from Karmrahyut grape variety, which is a hybrid variety and is very little studied, and to investigate the content of anthocyanins, total phenols and monomer index in them.

Tangerine (Citrus Unshiu) is one of important agricultural crops in Georgia. As the statistical data for year 2016 manifest, the total harvest exceeds 100 thousand tons. Tangerine peel, agro-industrial waste of production of juice concentrates and jams present rich sources of valuable bioactive compounds. Due to their high bioactive compound content, tangerine peels could be applied by both pharmaceutical and food industries. In spite of this, citrus peel is usually treated as by-products or waste, resulting in environmental pollution. Citrus peels are promising source of essential oil, carotenes, natural flavanones such as hesperidin and pectin. Stepwise, sequential utilization of tangerine peel, which provides an opportunity for selective extraction of the aforementioned bioactive compounds and allows one to manage nonstandard tangerine (amounting to a third of the harvest) in a rational manner. Hence, the present study is undertaken to elaborate a feasible and effective method of sequential extraction of above mentioned bioactive compounds from tangerine peel. The first step is supercritical CO₂ extraction of essential oil. Optimal conditions for β-carotene free tangerine oil are 100 atm pressure, 35C⁰ temperature, and 15 min equilibrium time. The principal compound in Citrus Unshiu peel essential oil is d-limonene. Stepwise extraction requares correct extraction sequence of target products. Acetone (7%) was used as co-solvent in the second step of extraction. The β-carotene is soluble in acetone, whereas hesperidin is not. Optimal parameters are 150 atm, 40 °C and 1 h equilibrium, and 1 h extraction time in dynamic conditions. Methanol (7%) was used in the third step of extraction. Optimal parameters were: 250 atm pressure, 60 °C temperature, 1 h equilibrium and 30 min dynamic extraction time. At least pectin was extracted from residue of tangerin. Stepwise supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds from agro-industrial waste materials is simple, effective, eco friendly separation method, which provides high quality of target products and needs one standard technological equipment.