During 2021 the journal published 15 research articles and summaries of three dissertations. The March issue contains three studies in Australian economic history and a far-reaching piece about ‘Big Economic History’ by long-time contributor Peter Lloyd. The July issue celebrates the many scholarly contributions of Professor Jeffrey G. Williamson. Consulting editor Andrew J. Seltzer introduces the issue with an appreciation of Professor Williamson's rich career and research contributions in the issue from distinguished colleagues on three continents. In November special editors Duol Kim and Andrew J. Seltzer bring together six powerful surveys examining the economic history of China, India, Japan, Korea and Thailand.
I am delighted to announce that the 2021 best paper is ‘Always egalitarian? Australian earnings inequality 1870–1910’. Panza and Williamson trace the origin of Australia's relatively egalitarian earnings distribution to the middle third of the nineteenth century. They attribute an unexpected decline in earnings inequality 1870–1910 to the fast growth of schooling and skilled labour supply relative to changes in the demand for skilled labour. The editorial team and the Board congratulate the authors of the three papers and especially Laura Panza and Jeff Williamson!
The journal's Associate Editors are Sumner Lacroix (University of Hawai'i-Mānoa), Dan Li (Fudan University), Chicheng Ma (University of Hong Kong), Hamish Maxwell-Stewart (University of New England), Jim McAloon (Victoria University of Wellington) and Florian Ploeckl (University of Adelaide). Their efforts are crucial for the success of the journal. They bring the journal to the attention of early career researchers, make it attractive to authors by turning papers around quickly and support authors through multiple revisions (if necessary) to achieve the highest possible standards of scholarship. Consulting Editor Andrew J. Seltzer (Royal Holloway) heroically managed two special issues during the year. Dr. Claire Wright (Macquarie University) has developed our social media presence. We are all grateful for the efforts of this fine team.
The work of the journal depends critically on a large number of referees, listed below, who carefully read and report constructively on individual manuscripts: Vellore Arthi, Frank Bongiorno, Myung Soo Cha, Thanyaporn Chankrajang, Martin Chick, Jari Eloranta, Rob Gillezeau, Hanhui Guan, Tim Hatton, John Hawkins, Greg Huff, Li Jianan, Monica Keneley, Rebecca Kippen, Chun Chee Kok, Yuzuru Kumon, Sumner La Croix, Cong Liu, Peter Lloyd, Ye Ma, Jakob B. Madsen, Jim McAloon Christopher Meissner, Stephen Morgan, Kentaro Nakajima, Ilan Noy, Dorian Owen, Joshua Price, Michael Quinlan, Evan Roberts, Andre Sammartino, Martin Shanahan, Richard Sicotte, John Singleton, Andrew Smith, Anand Swamy, John Tang, Benno Torgler, Brian Varian, Jessica Vechbanyongratana, Jonathan Wadsworth, Sophie Xuefei Wang, John Wilson and Hongjun Zhao.
在2021年,该杂志发表了15篇研究论文和3篇论文摘要。三月号包含三个关于澳大利亚经济史的研究,以及长期撰稿人彼得·劳埃德关于“大经济史”的一篇影响深远的文章。七月刊颂扬了杰弗里·g·威廉姆森教授的许多学术贡献。咨询编辑Andrew J. Seltzer介绍了这一问题,并对Williamson教授丰富的职业生涯和来自三大洲的杰出同事在这一问题上的研究贡献表示赞赏。11月,特别编辑多·金(Duol Kim)和安德鲁·j·萨尔茨(Andrew J. Seltzer)汇集了六份强有力的调查报告,研究了中国、印度、日本、韩国和泰国的经济史。我很高兴地宣布,2021年的最佳论文是“永远平等主义?”1870-1910年的澳大利亚收入不平等。Panza和Williamson将澳大利亚相对平等的收入分配追溯到19世纪中叶。他们将1870-1910年收入不平等的意外下降归因于教育和熟练劳动力供应相对于熟练劳动力需求变化的快速增长。编辑团队和董事会祝贺这三篇论文的作者,特别是Laura Panza和Jeff Williamson!期刊的副编辑有Sumner Lacroix(夏威夷大学'i-Mānoa)、Dan Li(复旦大学)、chiccheng Ma(香港大学)、Hamish Maxwell-Stewart(新英格兰大学)、Jim McAloon(惠灵顿维多利亚大学)和Florian Ploeckl(阿德莱德大学)。他们的努力对杂志的成功至关重要。他们使期刊引起了早期职业研究人员的注意,通过快速修改论文来吸引作者,并通过多次修改(如果必要的话)支持作者达到最高的学术标准。咨询编辑安德鲁·j·萨尔茨(皇家霍洛威)在这一年中英勇地管理了两期特刊。克莱尔·赖特博士(麦考瑞大学)发展了我们的社交媒体形象。我们都感谢这个优秀团队的努力。期刊的工作主要依赖于大量的审稿人,如下所列,他们仔细阅读并对个别手稿进行建设性的报告:Vellore Arthi, Frank Bongiorno, Myung Soo Cha, Thanyaporn Chankrajang, Martin Chick, Jari Eloranta, Rob Gillezeau,关汉惠,Tim Hatton, John Hawkins, Greg Huff,李嘉南,Monica Keneley, Rebecca Kippen, Chun chechekok, Yuzuru Kumon, Sumner La Croix,聪刘,Peter Lloyd, Ye Ma, Jakob B. Madsen, Jim McAloon, Christopher Meissner, Stephen Morgan, Kentaro nakajon, Ilan Noy, Dorian Owen, Joshua Price, Michael Quinlan, Evan Roberts, Andre Sammartino, Martin Shanahan, Richard Sicotte,John Singleton, Andrew Smith, Anand Swamy, John Tang, Benno Torgler, Brian Varian, Jessica Vechbanyongratana, Jonathan Wadsworth, Sophie Xuefei Wang, John Wilson和Hongjun Zhao。每年,编辑团队都会确定一小部分审稿人,他们的努力“超越了”。2021年值得称赞的评论家是韦洛·阿尔西、Yuzuru Kumon、刘聪、雅各布·b·马德森和乔纳森·沃兹沃思。通过与Wiley的“过渡协议”为其研究人员支付开放获取出版费用的机构数量继续增长。完整的名单在这里。任何符合条件的机构的通讯作者都可以获得这笔资金并在期刊上发表开放获取论文。最后,从2023年开始,该期刊将成为在线出版物,订阅者可以按需获得纸质版。一个令人高兴的结果是,彩色图像将被数字化复制并免费出版。澳大利亚和新西兰经济史学会主席奖我很高兴地宣布,2019年或2020年亚太经济史奖的论文获得者:Yuzuru Kumon(博士:加州大学戴维斯分校)。《富裕的欧洲,贫穷的亚洲:财富不平等、人口和作物风险如何解释工业化前东亚的贫困,1300-1800》。两篇入围论文获得了评奖委员会的表彰:孔令玉(博士:阿德莱德大学)。民国时期中国近代银行网络。杨成(博士:剑桥大学)。中华帝国晚期的职业结构,1736-1898。这三篇论文的摘要发表在最新一期的《美国医学与健康杂志》上。我代表学会向Kumon博士、Kong博士和Yang博士表示祝贺。S. J.布特林奖(S. J. Butlin Prize)每两年颁发一次,奖励澳大利亚或新西兰经济史领域的最佳硕士或博士论文。2020年或2021年获奖论文的提名将于2022年9月30日截止。欲了解更多详情,请访问:https://economichistorysociety.wordpress。 期刊名称变更随着与Wiley签署新的出版协议,从2023年起,该学会的期刊将更名为《亚太经济历史评论》。这个标题更充分地反映了期刊的内容。一段时间以来,超过一半的文章关注的是澳大利亚和新西兰以外的话题。杂志的目标和范围不会改变;它将继续出版有关澳大利亚-新西兰以及亚太地区其他经济体的著作,以及具有广泛国际性质的著作。作为澳大利亚大学图书馆员理事会与威利-莫纳什大学协议的一部分,莫纳什大学促进了开放获取出版。
{"title":"Report of the Editor for 2021 and Announcements of the President","authors":"Kris Inwood, Lionel Frost","doi":"10.1111/aehr.12248","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aehr.12248","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During 2021 the journal published 15 research articles and summaries of three dissertations. The March issue contains three studies in Australian economic history and a far-reaching piece about ‘Big Economic History’ by long-time contributor Peter Lloyd. The July issue celebrates the many scholarly contributions of Professor Jeffrey G. Williamson. Consulting editor Andrew J. Seltzer introduces the issue with an appreciation of Professor Williamson's rich career and research contributions in the issue from distinguished colleagues on three continents. In November special editors Duol Kim and Andrew J. Seltzer bring together six powerful surveys examining the economic history of China, India, Japan, Korea and Thailand.</p><p>I am delighted to announce that the 2021 best paper is ‘Always egalitarian? Australian earnings inequality 1870–1910’. Panza and Williamson trace the origin of Australia's relatively egalitarian earnings distribution to the middle third of the nineteenth century. They attribute an unexpected decline in earnings inequality 1870–1910 to the fast growth of schooling and skilled labour supply relative to changes in the demand for skilled labour. The editorial team and the Board congratulate the authors of the three papers and especially Laura Panza and Jeff Williamson!</p><p>The journal's Associate Editors are Sumner Lacroix (University of Hawai'i-Mānoa), Dan Li (Fudan University), Chicheng Ma (University of Hong Kong), Hamish Maxwell-Stewart (University of New England), Jim McAloon (Victoria University of Wellington) and Florian Ploeckl (University of Adelaide). Their efforts are crucial for the success of the journal. They bring the journal to the attention of early career researchers, make it attractive to authors by turning papers around quickly and support authors through multiple revisions (if necessary) to achieve the highest possible standards of scholarship. Consulting Editor Andrew J. Seltzer (Royal Holloway) heroically managed two special issues during the year. Dr. Claire Wright (Macquarie University) has developed our social media presence. We are all grateful for the efforts of this fine team.</p><p>The work of the journal depends critically on a large number of referees, listed below, who carefully read and report constructively on individual manuscripts: Vellore Arthi, Frank Bongiorno, Myung Soo Cha, Thanyaporn Chankrajang, Martin Chick, Jari Eloranta, Rob Gillezeau, Hanhui Guan, Tim Hatton, John Hawkins, Greg Huff, Li Jianan, Monica Keneley, Rebecca Kippen, Chun Chee Kok, Yuzuru Kumon, Sumner La Croix, Cong Liu, Peter Lloyd, Ye Ma, Jakob B. Madsen, Jim McAloon Christopher Meissner, Stephen Morgan, Kentaro Nakajima, Ilan Noy, Dorian Owen, Joshua Price, Michael Quinlan, Evan Roberts, Andre Sammartino, Martin Shanahan, Richard Sicotte, John Singleton, Andrew Smith, Anand Swamy, John Tang, Benno Torgler, Brian Varian, Jessica Vechbanyongratana, Jonathan Wadsworth, Sophie Xuefei Wang, John Wilson and Hongjun Zhao.</p","PeriodicalId":100132,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Economic History Review","volume":"62 2","pages":"102-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aehr.12248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62698011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Made In Chinatown: Chinese Australian Furniture Factories, 1880–1930, Peter GibsonSydney University Press, 2022, xxvii +198, pp, 9 B&W illlus., ISBN 9781743327852","authors":"Catherine Bishop","doi":"10.1111/aehr.12244","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aehr.12244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100132,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Economic History Review","volume":"62 2","pages":"195-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41948220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rich Europe, poor Asia: How wealth inequality, demography, and crop risks explain the poverty of pre-industrial East Asia, 1300–1800","authors":"Yuzuru Kumon","doi":"10.1111/aehr.12241","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aehr.12241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100132,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Economic History Review","volume":"62 2","pages":"161-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46620199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding the effects of social networks on banking development: Essays on modern Chinese Bank Networks during the republican era","authors":"Lingyu Kong","doi":"10.1111/aehr.12242","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aehr.12242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100132,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Economic History Review","volume":"62 2","pages":"169-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43358254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The occupational structure of late Imperial China, 1734–1898: A dissertation summary","authors":"Cheng Yang","doi":"10.1111/aehr.12243","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aehr.12243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100132,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Economic History Review","volume":"62 2","pages":"176-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47225343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article recounts the story of the Siamese rice trade during the interwar years. Many previous studies tend to focus on the Great Depression in 1929 and the decline in the Siamese rice trade. However, export statistics show that Siam continued to export large volumes of rice during this period. This article examines the Siamese rice export patterns and highlights how instrumental Western and Japanese firms were in determining the destinations to which the rice was shipped. It also explores business strategies in response to interwar market conditions that helped the Siamese rice trade survive.
{"title":"The Siamese rice trade during the interwar years: Trade pattern, crisis and business survival","authors":"Apicha Chutipongpisit","doi":"10.1111/aehr.12240","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aehr.12240","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article recounts the story of the Siamese rice trade during the interwar years. Many previous studies tend to focus on the Great Depression in 1929 and the decline in the Siamese rice trade. However, export statistics show that Siam continued to export large volumes of rice during this period. This article examines the Siamese rice export patterns and highlights how instrumental Western and Japanese firms were in determining the destinations to which the rice was shipped. It also explores business strategies in response to interwar market conditions that helped the Siamese rice trade survive.</p>","PeriodicalId":100132,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Economic History Review","volume":"62 3","pages":"211-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42494214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the long- and short-run impacts of the railway zones associated with the China Eastern and South Manchuria Railways in Manchuria, which were administered by Russia and Japan, respectively, from the early 1900s to the 1920s. Despite the fact that ‘railway imperialism’ impaired China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and constituted a humiliating quasi-colonial episode in Chinese history, railway zones nevertheless had a noticeable impact on Manchuria's local economies. Through a reconstruction of the historical dataset and cliometrics, we show that, among the railway zones in northeastern China, only those attached to the South Manchuria Railway exerted a significant and positive impact. Specifically, its railway zone had higher urbanisation and literacy rates and a higher percentage of professionals in its industrial and commercial sectors in the 1930s, and these effects persist to the present day as an unintended outcome. Apart from the agglomeration of direct manufacturing investment in these railway zones, an additional channel through which the impact took effect was the provision of public goods, such as schools and hospitals, which served as necessary conditions for long-term development. This study sheds light on understanding the persistence of colonial history as a root of development.
{"title":"The legacy of colonial rule: On the impact of the railway zones in modern China","authors":"Nan Li, Baomin Dong","doi":"10.1111/aehr.12239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aehr.12239","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the long- and short-run impacts of the railway zones associated with the China Eastern and South Manchuria Railways in Manchuria, which were administered by Russia and Japan, respectively, from the early 1900s to the 1920s. Despite the fact that ‘railway imperialism’ impaired China's sovereignty and territorial integrity and constituted a humiliating quasi-colonial episode in Chinese history, railway zones nevertheless had a noticeable impact on Manchuria's local economies. Through a reconstruction of the historical dataset and cliometrics, we show that, among the railway zones in northeastern China, only those attached to the South Manchuria Railway exerted a significant and positive impact. Specifically, its railway zone had higher urbanisation and literacy rates and a higher percentage of professionals in its industrial and commercial sectors in the 1930s, and these effects persist to the present day as an unintended outcome. Apart from the agglomeration of direct manufacturing investment in these railway zones, an additional channel through which the impact took effect was the provision of public goods, such as schools and hospitals, which served as necessary conditions for long-term development. This study sheds light on understanding the persistence of colonial history as a root of development.</p>","PeriodicalId":100132,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Economic History Review","volume":"62 3","pages":"234-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137552796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article tells how the two British economists Hugh Dalton and Colin Clark, came to regard Queensland in the 1930s as an enviable model of economic development. Both men were Fabian socialists and impressed by Queensland's authoritarian premier and by its array of economic controls. Clark even surrendered a promising career at Cambridge to become an economic advisor there. In turn, Queensland, and a personal spiritual crisis, would propel Clark to discard Fabianism for Distributivism. In the final analysis Queensland's agrarian socialism was not drawn upon Fabian lines but rather impelled by a mix of rural development and electoral pragmatism.
{"title":"A Fabian paradise or a one-man show? How the interwar Queensland economy seduced two prominent English economists","authors":"Alex Millmow","doi":"10.1111/aehr.12238","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aehr.12238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article tells how the two British economists Hugh Dalton and Colin Clark, came to regard Queensland in the 1930s as an enviable model of economic development. Both men were Fabian socialists and impressed by Queensland's authoritarian premier and by its array of economic controls. Clark even surrendered a promising career at Cambridge to become an economic advisor there. In turn, Queensland, and a personal spiritual crisis, would propel Clark to discard Fabianism for Distributivism. In the final analysis Queensland's agrarian socialism was not drawn upon Fabian lines but rather impelled by a mix of rural development and electoral pragmatism.</p>","PeriodicalId":100132,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Economic History Review","volume":"62 2","pages":"123-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45620159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forced displacement as a consequence of wars, civil conflicts, or natural disasters does not only have contemporaneous consequences but also long-run repercussions. This eclectic overview summarises some recent research on forced displacement in economic history. While many of the episodes covered refer to Europe, this survey points to literature across all continents. It highlights new developments, and points to gaps in the literature.
{"title":"Forced displacement in history: Some recent research","authors":"Sascha O. Becker","doi":"10.1111/aehr.12237","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aehr.12237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forced displacement as a consequence of wars, civil conflicts, or natural disasters does not only have contemporaneous consequences but also long-run repercussions. This eclectic overview summarises some recent research on forced displacement in economic history. While many of the episodes covered refer to Europe, this survey points to literature across all continents. It highlights new developments, and points to gaps in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":100132,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Economic History Review","volume":"62 1","pages":"2-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aehr.12237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45087174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Their fiery cross of union: a retelling of the creation of the Australian Federation, 1889–1914. William Oliver Coleman, Redland Bay: Connor Court Publishing, 2021","authors":"John Hawkins","doi":"10.1111/aehr.12236","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aehr.12236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100132,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Economic History Review","volume":"62 2","pages":"193-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41433017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}