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Evaluatology-driven artificial intelligence 评估驱动的人工智能
Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbench.2025.100245
Guoxin Kang , Wanling Gao , Jianfeng Zhan
The prevailing data-driven paradigm in AI has largely neglected the generative nature of data. All data, whether observational or experimental, are produced under specific conditions, yet current approaches treat them as context-free artifacts. This neglect results in uneven data quality, limited interpretability, and fragility when models face novel scenarios. Evaluatology reframes evaluation as the process of inferring the influence of an evaluated object on the affected factors and attributing the evaluation outcome to specific ones. Among these factors, a minimal set of indispensable elements determines how changes in conditions propagate to outcomes. This essential set constitutes the evaluation conditions. Together, the evaluated object and its evaluation conditions form a self-contained evaluation system — a structured unit that anchors evaluation to its essential context. We propose an evaluatology-based paradigm, which spans the entire AI lifecycle — from data generation to training and evaluation. Within each self-contained evaluation system, data are generated and distilled into their invariant informational structures. These distilled forms are abstracted into reusable causal-chain schemas, which can be instantiated as training examples. By explicitly situating every learning instance within such condition-aware systems, evaluation is transformed from a passive, post-hoc procedure into an active driver of model development. This evaluation-based paradigm enables the construction of causal training data that are interpretable, traceable, and reusable, while reducing reliance on large-scale, unstructured datasets. This paves the way toward scalable, transparent, and epistemically grounded AI.
人工智能中盛行的数据驱动范式在很大程度上忽视了数据的生成本质。所有数据,无论是观测数据还是实验数据,都是在特定条件下产生的,但目前的方法将它们视为与上下文无关的人工制品。这种忽视导致了数据质量不均匀、可解释性有限以及模型面对新场景时的脆弱性。评价学将评价重新定义为推断被评价对象对影响因素的影响并将评价结果归因于特定因素的过程。在这些因素中,一组必不可少的最小元素决定了条件的变化如何传播到结果。这一基本集合构成了评估条件。被评价对象及其评价条件共同构成了一个独立的评价系统——一个将评价锚定在其基本上下文的结构化单元。我们提出了一个基于评估的范式,它涵盖了整个人工智能生命周期——从数据生成到训练和评估。在每个自包含的评估系统中,生成数据并将其提炼成不变的信息结构。这些经过提炼的形式被抽象为可重用的因果链模式,这些模式可以作为训练示例实例化。通过明确地将每个学习实例置于这样的条件感知系统中,评估从被动的、事后的过程转变为模型开发的主动驱动程序。这种基于评估的范式能够构建可解释、可追溯和可重用的因果训练数据,同时减少对大规模非结构化数据集的依赖。这为可扩展、透明和基于认知的人工智能铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Medical image fusion based on deep neural network via morphologically processed residuals 基于形态学残差的深度神经网络医学图像融合
Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbench.2025.100237
Supinder Kaur , Parminder Singh , Rajinder Vir , Arun Singh , Harpreet Kaur
Medical image fusion enhances the intrinsic statistical properties of original images by integrating complementary information from multiple imaging modalities, producing a fused representation that supports more accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning than individual images alone. The principal challenge lies in combining the most informative features without discarding critical clinical details. Although various methods have been explored, it remains difficult to consistently preserve structural and functional features across modalities. To address this, we propose a deep neural network–based framework that incorporates morphologically processed residuals for competent fusion. The network is trained to directly map source images into weight maps thereby overcoming the limitations of traditional activity-level measurements and weight assignment algorithms, and enabling adaptive and reliable weighting of different modalities. The framework further employs image pyramids in a multi-scale design to align with human visual perception, and introduces a local similarity–based adaptive rule for decomposed coefficients to maintain consistency and fine detail preservation. An edge-preserving strategy combining linear low-pass filtering with nonlinear morphological operations is used to emphasize regions of high amplitude and preserve optimally sized structural boundaries. Residuals derived from the linear filter guide the morphological process ensuring significant regions are retained while reducing artifacts. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively integrates complementary information from multimodal medical images while mitigating noise, blocking effects, and distortions, leading to fused images with improved clarity and clinical value. This work provides an advanced and reliable fusion approach that contributes substantially to the field of medical image analysis, offering clinicians enhanced visualization tools for decision-making in diagnosis and treatment planning.
医学图像融合通过整合来自多种成像模式的互补信息来增强原始图像的固有统计特性,产生融合的表示,支持比单独的图像更准确的诊断和有效的治疗计划。主要的挑战在于在不丢弃关键临床细节的情况下结合最具信息量的特征。尽管已经探索了各种方法,但仍然很难在不同的模式下一致地保持结构和功能特征。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个基于深度神经网络的框架,该框架结合了形态学处理的残差进行胜任融合。该网络被训练成直接将源图像映射成权重图,从而克服了传统活动水平测量和权重分配算法的局限性,并实现了不同模式的自适应和可靠加权。该框架进一步在多尺度设计中使用图像金字塔来与人类视觉感知保持一致,并引入基于局部相似性的分解系数自适应规则来保持一致性和精细的细节保存。采用线性低通滤波与非线性形态学运算相结合的边缘保持策略,突出高幅值区域并保持最佳尺寸的结构边界。来自线性滤波器的残差引导形态过程,确保保留重要区域,同时减少伪影。实验结果表明,该方法有效地融合了多模态医学图像的互补信息,同时抑制了噪声、阻塞效应和失真,融合图像的清晰度和临床价值得到了提高。这项工作提供了一种先进而可靠的融合方法,为医学图像分析领域做出了重大贡献,为临床医生提供了增强的可视化工具,用于诊断和治疗计划的决策。
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引用次数: 0
A framework for evaluating cultural bias and historical misconceptions in LLMs outputs 评估法学硕士产出中的文化偏见和历史误解的框架
Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbench.2025.100235
Moon-Kuen Mak , Tiejian Luo
Large Language Models (LLMs), while powerful, often perpetuate cultural biases and historical inaccuracies from their training data, marginalizing underrepresented perspectives. To address these issues, we introduce a structured framework to systematically evaluate and quantify these deficiencies. Our methodology combines culturally sensitive prompting with two novel metrics: the Cultural Bias Score (CBS) and the Historical Misconception Score (HMS). Our analysis reveals varying cultural biases across LLMs, with certain Western-centric models, such as Gemini, exhibiting higher bias. In contrast, other models, including ChatGPT and Poe, demonstrate more balanced cultural narratives. We also find that historical misconceptions are most prevalent for less-documented events, underscoring the critical need for training data diversification. Our framework suggests the potential effectiveness of bias-mitigation techniques, including dataset augmentation and human-in-the-loop (HITL) verification. Empirical validation of these strategies remains an important direction for future work. This work provides a replicable and scalable methodology for developers and researchers to help ensure the responsible and equitable deployment of LLMs in critical domains such as education and content moderation.
大型语言模型(llm)虽然强大,但往往会使其训练数据中的文化偏见和历史不准确性永久化,使未被充分代表的观点边缘化。为了解决这些问题,我们引入了一个结构化的框架来系统地评估和量化这些缺陷。我们的方法结合了文化敏感提示和两个新指标:文化偏见评分(CBS)和历史误解评分(HMS)。我们的分析揭示了不同法学硕士的文化偏见,某些以西方为中心的模式,如双子座,表现出更高的偏见。相比之下,其他模式,包括ChatGPT和Poe,展示了更平衡的文化叙事。我们还发现,对于记录较少的事件,历史误解最为普遍,这强调了训练数据多样化的关键需求。我们的框架表明了偏见缓解技术的潜在有效性,包括数据集增强和人在环路(HITL)验证。这些策略的实证验证仍然是未来工作的重要方向。这项工作为开发人员和研究人员提供了一种可复制和可扩展的方法,以帮助确保法学硕士在教育和内容审核等关键领域的负责任和公平部署。
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引用次数: 0
Exposing financial shenanigans: The role of Indian accounting standards (Ind AS) in enhancing corporate accountability and governance 揭露财务诡计:印度会计准则(Ind AS)在加强公司责任和治理中的作用
Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbench.2025.100228
Sunil Kumar
The Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) play a pivotal role in reducing financial impropriety. These standards significantly enhance the accountability, accuracy, and transparency of financial reporting, thereby serving an essential function in deterring financial malfeasance. Such malfeasance includes deceptive accounting practices, misleading reporting, and the distortion of earnings, all of which undermine investor confidence, disrupt market integrity, and adversely affect the economy. The Ind AS, aligned with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), provide a comprehensive and robust framework that substantially improves the quality of financial reporting. The article outlines the significant benefits of Ind AS for financial reporting, such as increased transparency and accuracy. It presents case studies illustrating how the application of the standard has effectively addressed and mitigated financial discrepancies. Furthermore, the article examines the challenges organisations face in adopting Ind AS, including the complexities of transitioning from previous accounting standards and the need for extensive system reforms and personnel training. By elucidating these challenges, the article offers a thorough analysis of the effectiveness of Ind AS in addressing financial malpractice. It emphasises its role in fostering a more transparent and responsible financial reporting environment.
印度会计准则在减少财务不当行为方面发挥着关键作用。这些标准大大提高了财务报告的问责性、准确性和透明度,从而在阻止财务渎职方面发挥了重要作用。这种渎职行为包括欺骗性的会计行为、误导性的报告和扭曲的收益,所有这些都破坏了投资者的信心,破坏了市场的完整性,并对经济产生了不利影响。该准则与国际财务报告准则(IFRS)保持一致,提供了一个全面而稳健的框架,可大幅提高财务报告的质量。本文概述了Ind AS对财务报告的重要好处,例如提高了透明度和准确性。它介绍了案例研究,说明该标准的应用如何有效地解决和减轻了财务差异。此外,本文还探讨了组织在采用新会计准则时面临的挑战,包括从以前的会计准则过渡的复杂性以及广泛的系统改革和人员培训的需要。通过阐明这些挑战,本文提供了一个全面的分析在解决金融舞弊的有效性。它强调其在促进更加透明和负责任的财务报告环境方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
An investigation into the preparation and evaluation of the physio-mechanical properties of glass-cotton, glass-jute, and glass-banana fiber-reinforced epoxy composite materials 玻璃-棉、玻璃-黄麻和玻璃-香蕉纤维增强环氧复合材料的制备及其物理力学性能的研究
Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbench.2025.100218
Alberuni Aziz , Farjana Parvin , Md. Kajol Hossain
Fibrous composite materials are gaining popularity in various applications because of their exceptional attributes, such as high strength-to-weight ratio, high impact resistance, near-zero thermal expansion, and good corrosion resistance. These materials combine two or more fibrous materials with several physical and chemical properties to create a material with enhanced properties. The development of sustainable and environmentally friendly composite materials is increasing day by day to reduce environmental pollution and promote a more sustainable future. This research explores the physical and mechanical characteristics of cotton-glass, banana-glass, and jute-glass-reinforced epoxy composites, aiming to define their suitability for various applications. Tensile strength, flexural strength, and water absorption are the fundamental properties evaluated in this work. The hand lay-up technique was used to fabricate the composite, which involves manually layering the fiber and the matrix material. The study's findings provide significant insights into the potential application of composite materials in various industrial settings. Moreover, using sustainable and eco-friendly composite materials can help reduce environmental pollution. Although glass fiber is not biodegradable, it is easily recyclable. Other fibers used in this study are biodegradable, so it is a sustainable approach. In summary, studying the mechanical properties of composite materials provides valuable insights into their potential use in lightweight and durable diverse applications. Continued research may lead to more advanced composite materials with enhanced features for broader applications.
纤维复合材料由于其特殊的特性,如高强度重量比、高抗冲击性、近零热膨胀和良好的耐腐蚀性,在各种应用中越来越受欢迎。这些材料将两种或两种以上具有多种物理和化学特性的纤维材料结合在一起,形成一种具有增强性能的材料。为了减少环境污染,促进更可持续的未来,可持续和环境友好型复合材料的开发日益增加。本研究探讨了棉玻璃、香蕉玻璃和黄麻玻璃增强环氧复合材料的物理和机械特性,旨在确定它们在各种应用中的适用性。拉伸强度、弯曲强度和吸水率是本工作中评估的基本性能。采用手工叠层技术,将纤维和基体材料手工叠层。这项研究的发现为复合材料在各种工业环境中的潜在应用提供了重要的见解。此外,使用可持续和环保的复合材料可以帮助减少环境污染。虽然玻璃纤维不能生物降解,但它很容易回收。本研究中使用的其他纤维是可生物降解的,因此是一种可持续的方法。总之,研究复合材料的机械性能为其在轻量化和耐用的各种应用中的潜在用途提供了有价值的见解。持续的研究可能会带来更先进的复合材料,具有更广泛的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative study of deep learning models for Parkinson’s disease detection 深度学习模型在帕金森病检测中的比较研究
Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbench.2025.100219
Abdulaziz Salihu Aliero, Neha Malhotra
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement and cognition, impacting millions of people worldwide. The diagnosis of PD primarily relies on clinical tests, which can often result in delayed identification of the disease. Recent advancements in data-driven methods using deep learning have demonstrated potential for improving early diagnosis by utilizing clinical and vocal inputs. This study conducted a comparative analysis of five deep learning models: Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), Autoencoder, and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), specifically for the detection of PD using vocal biomarkers. Among these models, the MLP achieved the highest predictive accuracy at 97.4 %. The RNN, GRU, and Autoencoder models attained a similar accuracy rate of 87.2 %. In contrast, the GAN model yielded an accuracy of only 76.9 %. The UCI vocal dataset from Kaggle was utilized in this research, along with extensive data preprocessing techniques to address missing values. Performance evaluation was conducted using multiple metrics. The results indicate that deep learning models can effectively diagnose PD using voice data, suggesting their potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and support clinical decision-making. Furthermore, these models are feasible for large-scale integration into clinical workflows.
帕金森病(PD)是一种影响运动和认知的进行性神经退行性疾病,影响着全世界数百万人。PD的诊断主要依赖于临床检查,这往往会导致疾病的延迟识别。使用深度学习的数据驱动方法的最新进展已经证明了通过利用临床和声音输入来改善早期诊断的潜力。本研究对五种深度学习模型进行了比较分析:多层感知器(MLP)、递归神经网络(RNN)、门控递归单元(GRU)、自动编码器和生成对抗网络(GAN),专门用于使用声音生物标志物检测PD。在这些模型中,MLP的预测准确率最高,达到97.4%。RNN、GRU和Autoencoder模型的准确率为87.2%。相比之下,GAN模型的准确率仅为76.9%。本研究利用了来自Kaggle的UCI声音数据集,以及广泛的数据预处理技术来解决缺失值。使用多个指标进行绩效评估。结果表明,深度学习模型可以利用语音数据有效地诊断PD,这表明它们具有提高诊断准确性和支持临床决策的潜力。此外,这些模型对于大规模集成到临床工作流程中是可行的。
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引用次数: 0
Hybrid deep learning model for identifying the cancer type 用于识别癌症类型的混合深度学习模型
Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbench.2025.100211
Singamaneni Krishnapriya , Hyma Birudaraju , M. Madhulatha , S. Nagajyothi , K.S. Ranadheer Kumar
Despite current advances, cancer remains one of the biggest health challenges globally, and diagnosis must be made earlier to begin treatment. In this work, we introduce a hybrid deep learning-based framework for accurate cancer type and subtype identification by using pre-trained convolutional neural networks, custom deep learning networks, and traditional machine learning classifiers. I have achieved accurate results on more complex cancer datasets using advanced architectures of CNN + LSTM and attention-based models, along with the pre-trained models of VGG19, Xception, and AmoebaNet. Model reliability and interpretability are further improved using ensemble techniques such as confidence-based and XOR fusion. Experimental results in multiple multimodal datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our hybrid approach by improving precision, recall, and F1 scores in various types of cancer. However, they have promising results and remain challenging to deploy for rare cancer subtypes or explain to gain clinical adoption. The proposed framework provides a basis for personalized cancer by developing machine learning innovations to advance precision medicine.
尽管目前取得了进展,但癌症仍然是全球最大的健康挑战之一,必须及早诊断才能开始治疗。在这项工作中,我们引入了一个基于混合深度学习的框架,通过使用预训练的卷积神经网络、自定义深度学习网络和传统机器学习分类器来准确识别癌症类型和亚型。我使用CNN + LSTM的先进架构和基于注意力的模型,以及VGG19、Xception和AmoebaNet的预训练模型,在更复杂的癌症数据集上取得了准确的结果。利用基于置信度和异或融合等集成技术进一步提高了模型的可靠性和可解释性。在多个多模态数据集上的实验结果表明,我们的混合方法通过提高准确率、召回率和F1分数在各种类型癌症中的有效性。然而,它们已经有了很好的结果,并且仍然具有挑战性,无法用于罕见的癌症亚型或解释以获得临床应用。提出的框架通过开发机器学习创新来推进精准医疗,为个性化癌症提供了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating public bicycle sharing system in Ahmedabad, Gujarat: A multi-criteria decision-making approach 古吉拉特邦艾哈迈达巴德市公共自行车共享系统评估:多标准决策方法
Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbench.2025.100220
T.S. Shagufta , Dimpu Byalal Chindappa , Seelam Srikanth , Subhashish Dey
This study evaluates the existing Public Bicycle Sharing System (PBSS) at Ahmedabad, Gujarat by applying four decision-making methods such as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy AHP, Analytic Network Process (ANP), and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The study aims to identify the most effective strategies for improving PBSS, focusing on safety, infrastructure, user convenience, and environmental impact. The analysis shows that Enhanced Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) Infrastructure and Expansion of Bicycle Networks are the preferred alternatives across all methods. Personal safety and safe cycling infrastructure are identified as critical factors influencing the success of PBSS. Socio-demographic data reveals a male-dominant user base, with financial barriers and safety concerns limiting broader adoption. Positive perceptions of cycle design are noted, though electric and hybrid cycles are preferred due to climatic conditions. Monthly variations in ridership demonstrate significant fluctuations, peaking at 68,529 rides in March, underscoring the need for targeted interventions during peak periods. The study provides a robust framework for transport planners, emphasizing safety, inclusivity, and affordability. Future research should focus on expanding electric cycle options and enhancing gender inclusivity in PBSS.
本文采用层次分析法(AHP)、模糊层次分析法(Fuzzy AHP)、网络分析法(ANP)和TOPSIS法(Order Preference Technique by Similarity to Ideal Solution)四种决策方法,对古吉拉特邦艾哈迈达巴德市现有公共自行车共享系统(PBSS)进行了评价。该研究旨在确定改善PBSS的最有效策略,重点关注安全性、基础设施、用户便利性和环境影响。分析表明,加强非机动交通(NMT)基础设施和扩大自行车网络是所有方法的首选选择。人身安全和安全骑行基础设施是影响PBSS成功的关键因素。社会人口统计数据显示,男性用户占主导地位,经济障碍和安全问题限制了更广泛的采用。注意到对循环设计的积极看法,尽管由于气候条件,电动和混合动力循环是首选。乘车人数的月度变化显示出很大的波动,3月份达到68,529人次的峰值,强调需要在高峰期间进行有针对性的干预。该研究为交通规划者提供了一个强有力的框架,强调了安全性、包容性和可负担性。未来的研究应侧重于扩大电动自行车选择和增强PBSS的性别包容性。
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引用次数: 0
LLMs: A game-changer for software engineers? 法学硕士:软件工程师的游戏规则改变者?
Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbench.2025.100204
Md. Asraful Haque
Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-3 and GPT-4 have emerged as groundbreaking innovations with capabilities that extend far beyond traditional AI applications. These sophisticated models, trained on massive datasets, can generate human-like text, respond to complex queries, and even write and interpret code. Their potential to revolutionize software development has captivated the software engineering (SE) community, sparking debates about their transformative impact. Through a critical analysis of technical strengths, limitations, real-world case studies, and future research directions, this paper argues that LLMs are not just reshaping how software is developed but are redefining the role of developers. While challenges persist, LLMs offer unprecedented opportunities for innovation and collaboration. Early adoption of LLMs in software engineering is crucial to stay competitive in this rapidly evolving landscape. This paper serves as a guide, helping developers, organizations, and researchers understand how to harness the power of LLMs to streamline workflows and acquire the necessary skills.
像GPT-3和GPT-4这样的大型语言模型(llm)已经成为突破性的创新,其功能远远超出了传统的人工智能应用。这些复杂的模型经过大量数据集的训练,可以生成类似人类的文本,响应复杂的查询,甚至编写和解释代码。它们革新软件开发的潜力吸引了软件工程(SE)社区,引发了关于它们变革影响的辩论。通过对技术优势、局限性、现实世界案例研究和未来研究方向的批判性分析,本文认为法学硕士不仅重塑了软件开发的方式,而且重新定义了开发人员的角色。尽管挑战依然存在,但法学硕士课程为创新和合作提供了前所未有的机会。在软件工程中尽早采用法学硕士对于在这个快速发展的环境中保持竞争力至关重要。本文作为指南,帮助开发人员、组织和研究人员了解如何利用llm的力量来简化工作流程并获得必要的技能。
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引用次数: 0
Regulatory landscape of blockchain assets: Analyzing the drivers of NFT and cryptocurrency regulation 区块链资产的监管格局:分析NFT和加密货币监管的驱动因素
Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbench.2025.100214
Junaid Rahman , Hafizur Rahman , Naimul Islam , Tipon Tanchangya , Mohammad Ridwan , Mostafa Ali
The study analyzes the global regulatory landscape for blockchain assets, particularly cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens, focusing on the motivations behind policymaker actions, the diversity of regulatory approaches, the challenges posed by decentralized technologies and provide future regulatory pathways. The study uses a conceptual and mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative content analysis of 59 peer-reviewed articles selected through the PRISMA framework. Findings reveal that regulation is primarily driven by concerns over consumer protection, financial stability, anti-money laundering, taxation, and environmental sustainability. Regulatory responses vary widely, ranging from the harmonized MiCA framework in the EU to the fragmented enforcement model in the U.S., along with diverse strategies across Asia. Stablecoins, DeFi, and CBDCs emerge as major regulatory frontiers. The study recommends adopting regulatory sandboxes, promoting international coordination, enforcing environmental standards, and building regulatory capacity in emerging economies to balance innovation with risk mitigation. It also highlights the importance of industry self-regulation and technology-assisted compliance in decentralized finance. The limitation of this study is that it relies solely on secondary data sources, which may limit the accuracy of real-time policy impact assessments. Future research should focus on empirical validation and dynamic policy modeling to enhance global governance of digital assets.
该研究分析了区块链资产的全球监管格局,特别是加密货币和不可替代代币,重点关注政策制定者行动背后的动机、监管方法的多样性、去中心化技术带来的挑战,并提供未来的监管途径。该研究采用概念和混合方法,结合定性和定量内容分析,通过PRISMA框架选择了59篇同行评议文章。调查结果显示,监管主要是出于对消费者保护、金融稳定、反洗钱、税收和环境可持续性的担忧。各国的监管反应各不相同,从欧盟统一的MiCA框架到美国分散的执法模式,以及亚洲各国不同的战略。稳定币、DeFi和cbdc成为主要的监管前沿。该研究建议采用监管沙盒,促进国际协调,执行环境标准,并在新兴经济体建立监管能力,以平衡创新与风险缓解。它还强调了行业自律和技术辅助合规在去中心化金融中的重要性。本研究的局限性在于仅依赖于二手数据来源,这可能会限制实时政策影响评估的准确性。未来的研究应侧重于实证验证和动态政策建模,以加强数字资产的全球治理。
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引用次数: 0
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BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations
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