Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition最新文献

Present study investigated the effects of Tephrosia purpurea (TP) and Momordica dioica (MD) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in wistar rats. Rats were divided into 12 groups (n = 6). Diabetes was induced with a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.p.). Day 4 of the study was considered first day of the study as administration of ethanolic extracts of TP leaves and MD fruits were started on 4th day. In protective regimen (initial 26 days of experimental period), ethanolic extract was administered orally at 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, whereas curative regimen began after 26 days and continued up to 40 days. Diabetic control group was considered as standard for comparison. Serum glucose, urea, creatinine and urine albumin levels were significantly lower in treated groups as compared to the diabetic control. Malondialdehyde was significantly (P < 0.001) lowered in treated groups as compared to diabetic control group. Treated groups have shown significant increase (P < 0.001) in reduced glutathione level which was reduced in diabetic control group. Change in body weight was found to be non-significant in treated groups. It was concluded that TP leaf and MD fruit extracts can provide a radical cure for drug-induced diabetic nephropathy by a reduction in renal damage.

Skin cancer is caused by HSP90 receptor protein molecule. It is treated with commercial drugs, like cabazitaxel and dyclonine. The aim of the present study was to predict screen and identify the potential high efficient anti-skin cancer compounds from the marine flora of cyanobacteria. To screen the bioactive compounds against skin cancer causing protein, HSP90, Glide module (Schrodinger suite) was applied. Among the 31 bioactive compounds screened, best Glide docking score of –9.144 was found in tasiamide-B. When this tasiamide-B was compared with the commercially available drugs, like cabazitaxel and dyclonine through molecular docking, tasiamide-B was found to be more effective by interacted strongly with skin cancer causing target protein, HSP90. The results of the study support the fact that in silico molecular docking studies using Glide and Hex programs are very useful in predicting skin cancer treating drug. In this study, tasiamide-B was predicted as the best active cyanobacterial compound derived from Symploca sp.

Studies on proximate, mineral, fatty and amino acid composition of edible Enteromorpha species, viz. Enteromorpha compressa, Enteromorpha linza and Enteromorpha tubulosa, collected from the Northwest coast of India, revealed for species-dependent nutrient composition variation. The present study showed a higher amount of sugar (51.05 ± 1.22%), protein (19.09 ± 0.91%) and lipid content (5.56 ± 0.16%) E. tubulosa. Amongst the seventeen elements analyzed (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn, Cr, Pb), all three species showed a higher amount of calcium content. E. compressa was obtained with rich amount of macro-elements (11.42 ± 0.017 g/100 g dry wt), while maximum micro- and trace-elements (81.51 ± 6.65 mg/100 g dry wt) were recorded in E. linza. Amino acid analysis revealed seven out of the 10 essential amino acids were present either in excess or at-par with the reference proteins. Moreover, all the three species studied possessed relatively high n-3 fatty acids; additionally they had more unsaturated fatty acids than saturate ones, except in E. compressa. Therefore, based on the present investigation, it could be stated that the three species studied could be used as food supplements to improve the nutritive value in the omnivorous diet.

In search to potent natural antioxidant from plant-based metabolites, a comparative study was designed in present investigation. The antioxidant activity of various phytochemicals listed in text was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing power assays (FRAP) and phosphomolybdenum complex method. The level of the antioxidant activity by all three used assays was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in vitamin E, ascorbic acid, curcumin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, β-carotene and ursolic acid than other. Hence, these should be regarded as a potential source of natural antioxidants and could be effectively employed as an ingredient in functional food.

Purpose

The present study was undertaken to isolate the bioactive flavonoid compound from the seeds of Achyranthes aspera and establish its molecular interaction towards monoamine oxidase-A enzyme.

Materials and methods

The structure of the isolated flavonoid was ascertained by UV, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, DEPT 90, DEPT 135 and ESI-MS. Molecular level interaction was studied through molecular docking simulation carried out with AutoDock 4.2 in the catalytic portion of MAO-A.

Results

5, 7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one was isolated by chromatographic techniques. The docking study revealed that the structure of the isolated flavonoid showed to be a potent monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor with a docking score of −8.06 and calculated inhibition constant of about 1.23 μM.

Conclusion

On the basis of molecular docking study, we propose that isolated flavonoid can successfully dock into the inhibitor-binding pocket of human monoamine oxidase-A isoform with appreciable predicted affinity. The results therefore suggest that 6-prenyl apigenin can be a promising lead for developing novel monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors.

Objective

To investigate antidiabetic, hypolipidemic histopathological analysis of Gymnema sylvestre methanolic extract (GSME) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat by administering oral doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight).

Methods

Blood glucose levels were measured using blood glucose test strips with elegance glucometer on weekly intervals till the end of study (i.e. four weeks). Blood glucose, urine sugar, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were determined in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats after oral administration of the extract for 28 days. Histopathological changes in diabetic rat organs (pancreas, liver, and kidney) were also observed after extract treatment.

Results

Daily oral administration GSME (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level (P < 0.01) and hyperlipidaemia due to diabetes. The extract treatment also showed to enhance serum insulin level and body weight of diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control group. Furthermore, the extract has a favorable effect on the histopathological studies, in streptozotocin induced diabetes.

Conclusions

G. sylvestre possesses antidiabetic property as well improve body weight, and total lipid levels. GSME has also favorable effect to inhibit the histopathological changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Myocardial infarction is emerging as a foremost public health concern in most parts of the world even in developing countries still afflicted by infectious diseases, under nutrition and other illnesses related to poverty. There has been increasing recognition that certain natural substances have the potential to reduce the detrimental effect of a number of cardiovascular risk factors. In the present study, we have investigated the protective effect of betaine administration on changes in the levels of protein, glycoproteins and amino acids was studied in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats as an animal model of myocardial infarction in man. Oral pre-treatment with betaine significantly attenuated (P < 0.01) the isoprenaline-induced rise in the levels of troponin-T and creatine phosphokinase [CPK]. Oral supplementation of betaine also significantly (P < 0.01) counteracted the isoprenaline-induced alterations in the levels of amino acids [taurine, aspartate, glutamate, arginine, hydroxy proline and homocysteine], protein content, glycoprotein components [hexose and hexosamine] and lipid peroxidation in the heart tissue and maintained their levels comparable to that of control animals. The results indicated that the overall cardioprotective effect of betaine was probably related to its ability to strengthen the myocardial membrane by its membrane stabilizing action or to a counteraction of free radicals by its antioxidant property.

PCB are still prevalent in the environment despite the fact that they have been banned in many countries for several decades, have wide range of adverse effects in various organ systems including bone. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of PCB on vertebral bone and the ameliorative role of vitamin C or E in the adult male Wistar rats. Group-I rats received vehicle (corn oil) intraperitoneally (i.p), group-II received Aroclor [1254] 2 mg/kg bwt/day (i.p), group-III received Aroclor [1254] (i.p) and simultaneously vitamin C 100 mg/kg bwt/day (orally), group-IV received Aroclor [1254] (i.p) and simultaneously vitamin E 50 mg/kg bwt/day (orally). After 30 days, rats were euthanized and vertebrae were dissected. The osteoblast functional markers (ALP and Collagen), osteoclast functional marker (TRAP), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and GST) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were assessed in the vertebral bone of control and experimental animals. A significant decrease the ALP, collagen enzyme activity and increase the TRAP activity were observed in PCBs (Aroclor 1254) treated rats. SOD and GPx were increased in the PCB treated rats. Vitamin C or E given along with PCB, prevented the effects of PCB on ALP and TRAP. GST activity was effective in simultaneous administration of vitamin C treated group. LPO was altered in PCB treatment and animals remaining were not altered. PCB induces oxidative stress and stimulates osteoclast activity but suppresses osteoblast function and it perturbs the antioxidant system. Vitamin C or vitamin E was able to prevent the effects of PCB.

In the present study, amino acid compositions of two jellyfish gonad samples were determined and the nutritional value was evaluated by the amino acid score method recommend by WHO/FAO and fuzzy recognition method. The two samples were abundant in amino acids. The major amino acids were both glutamic acid, lysine, glycine, aspartic acid and leucine and the contents of these amino acids were 51.47% and 52.52% of the total amino acids, respectively. The essential amino acids were 42.89% and 40.70%, the flavor amino acids were 47.39% and 50.12% and the medicinal amino acids were 66.55% and 66.92% of the total amino acids, respectively. μ (a, μ_i) values of the two samples were respectively 0.91 and 0.94 and SRC values were respectively 70.89 and 69.96, indicating that the essential amino acids of jellyfish gonad were well-balanced and the nutritional value of jellyfish gonad was high.

Aqueous and ethanol extracts of this Spilanthes calva DC is widely used in folk medicine in South India for treating various parasitic diseases. In vitro anthelmintic activities of crude aqueous and alcoholic extract of aerial parts of the plant was investigated to provide experimental evidence for its use in folk medicine. Investigations of in vitro anthelmintic efficacy were evaluated separately on adult Pheretima posthuma and Ascaridia galli compared with Albendazole. Ethanol extract showed more anthelmintic activity than aqueous extract. Six compounds were isolated from ethanol extract compounds 3, 4 and 6 showed significant anthelmintic activity with LC50 values of 12, 11, 9.9 and 11.47, 10.56, 8.35 respectively against both the worms. The oral LD50 of the aqueous and ethanol extracts estimated in mice is greater than 5000 mg/kg. Molecular docking studies were carried out for compound 6 by using ArgusLab 4.0.1. and Molegrow 2012.2.5.0 generated the enzyme binding interaction which suggested the lactone ring attained a non-coplanar conformation with benzisoxazole can contribute two significant hydrogen bonding interaction with Tyr 50 and Gln 134. This could be attributed to the slight structural resemblance with Albendazole and hydrogen bonding, π-π and non-polar interactions towards the inhibitor-binding cavity of the β-tubulin enzyme. Our study shows ingredients in S. calva DC ethanol extract contains an effective anthelmintic composition that could potentially developed as a promising plant origin anthelmintic.