Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) is one of the most widely used medicinal plants in folk medicine. It is known to have diuretic, cardio tonic, hypotensive, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect. Trigonelline, a major alkaloid component of fenugreek, is reported to be responsible for most of its pharmacological activities. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of trigonelline on blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma insulin levels in high-fat-fed (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by high-fat diet and low-dose STZ (35 mg/kg.b.wt). Diabetic rats were treated with trigonelline (150 mg/kg b.wt) for 30 days. The toxicological as well as biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, HbA1C, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid profile were measured. The activities of serum AST, ALT and ALP were also assayed. Trigonelline supplementation attenuated the elevated levels of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, AST, ALT and ALP. The insulin level was improved with an improvement in hepatic and muscle glycogen content of insulin resistant diabetic rats. Trigonelline effectively normalized the status of lipid profile. These results showed that trigonelline have potential anti-hyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects in HFD/STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats.
{"title":"Antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic nature of trigonelline, a major alkaloid of fenugreek seeds studied in high-fat-fed and low-dose streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetic rats","authors":"Sorimuthu Pillai Subramanian, Gopalan Sriram Prasath","doi":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fenugreek (<em>Trigonella foenum graecum</em><span><span>) is one of the most widely used medicinal plants in folk medicine. It is known to have diuretic<span><span><span><span>, cardio tonic, hypotensive, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect. </span>Trigonelline, a major alkaloid component of fenugreek, is reported to be responsible for most of its pharmacological activities. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of trigonelline on </span>blood glucose, </span>glycosylated hemoglobin and </span></span>plasma insulin levels in high-fat-fed (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by high-fat diet and low-dose STZ (35</span> <!-->mg/kg.b.wt). Diabetic rats were treated with trigonelline (150<!--> <!-->mg/kg b.wt) for 30<!--> <span><span><span>days. The toxicological as well as biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, HbA1C, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid profile were measured. The activities of serum AST<span><span>, ALT and </span>ALP were also assayed. Trigonelline supplementation attenuated the elevated levels of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, AST, ALT and ALP. The </span></span>insulin level was improved with an improvement in hepatic and muscle </span>glycogen content of insulin resistant diabetic rats. Trigonelline effectively normalized the status of lipid profile. These results showed that trigonelline have potential anti-hyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects in HFD/STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100182,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79934388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.008
T.A. Anitha , M. Rajadurai
Increasing evidence in both experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress has been suggested as a contributory factor in development and complications of both types of diabetes mellitus. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) against streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ–NA)-induced oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of STZ (45 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) dissolved in 0.1 mol/L citrate buffer (pH 4.5), 15 min after the i.p. administration of NA (110 mg/kg b.w.). The rats were divided into following groups: group 1: non-diabetic control, group 2: non-diabetic with chrysin (100 mg/kg b.w.), group 3: diabetic control, groups 4, 5 and 6 received chrysin as 25, 50, 100 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The oxidative stress was measured by examining the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver and kidney. They were decreased while increasing the levels of LPO markers were observed in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic control rats as compared to normal control rats. Oral administration of chrysin (100 mg/kg/day) for 45 days caused a significant increase in the activities of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants when compared to those of diabetic rats. These biochemical findings were also supported by histological studies on liver and kidney tissues. In conclusion, chrysin, especially at the dosage of 100 mg/kg b.w. can act as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in type II diabetic rats.
{"title":"Antioxidative potential of chrysin, a flavone in streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats","authors":"T.A. Anitha , M. Rajadurai","doi":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Increasing evidence in both experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress<span> has been suggested as a contributory factor in development and complications of both types of diabetes mellitus. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) against streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ–NA)-induced oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of STZ (45</span></span> <!-->mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) dissolved in 0.1<!--> <!-->mol/L citrate buffer (pH 4.5), 15<!--> <!-->min after the i.p. administration of NA (110<!--> <!-->mg/kg b.w.). The rats were divided into following groups: group 1: non-diabetic control, group 2: non-diabetic with chrysin (100<!--> <!-->mg/kg b.w.), group 3: diabetic control, groups 4, 5 and 6 received chrysin as 25, 50, 100<!--> <span><span><span>mg/kg b.w., respectively. The oxidative stress was measured by examining the enzymatic activities of </span>superoxide dismutase<span> (SOD), catalase (CAT), </span></span>glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-</span><em>S</em><span>-transferase (GST) and the non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as vitamin C<span>, vitamin E<span><span> and reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver and kidney. They were decreased while increasing the levels of </span>LPO<span> markers were observed in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic control rats as compared to normal control rats. Oral administration of chrysin (100</span></span></span></span> <!-->mg/kg/day) for 45 days caused a significant increase in the activities of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants when compared to those of diabetic rats. These biochemical findings were also supported by histological studies on liver and kidney tissues. In conclusion, chrysin, especially at the dosage of 100<!--> <!-->mg/kg b.w. can act as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in type II diabetic rats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100182,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72780169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine entities, which coexist with defect in carbohydrate metabolism. The Indian traditional system of medicine prescribed plant phytochemical therapies for diseases including diabetes mellitus. The present study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of syringic acid (SA) by assaying the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in experimental diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced into male albino Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan (150 mg/kg). SA was administered to diabetic rats intragastrically at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w daily once for 30 days. The levels of plasma glucose, insulin, hemoglobin (Hb), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycogen, levels of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, liver and kidney markers were evaluated. Oral administration of SA (50 mg/kg) for 30 days, dose dependently improved the glycemic status in diabetic rats. The levels of insulin, Hb and glycogen increased with significant decrease in glucose and HbA1c levels in SA treated rats. The altered activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, hepatic and renal marker were restored to near normal. Histopathological analysis of pancreas revealed that treatment with SA reduced the pancreatic damage induced by alloxan and stimulated β-cell regeneration in diabetic rats. The present findings suggest the antihyperglycemic effect of SA and its therapeutic potential for the management of diabetes.
{"title":"Antihyperglycemic effect of syringic acid on attenuating the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in experimental diabetic rats","authors":"Subramani Srinivasan , Jayachandran Muthukumaran , Udaiyar Muruganathan , Rantham Subramaniyam Venkatesan , Abdulkadhar Mohamed Jalaludeen","doi":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine entities, which coexist with defect in carbohydrate metabolism. The Indian traditional system of medicine prescribed plant </span>phytochemical<span> therapies for diseases including diabetes mellitus. The present study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of syringic acid<span> (SA) by assaying the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in experimental diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced into male albino Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of </span></span></span>alloxan (150</span> <!-->mg/kg). SA was administered to diabetic rats intragastrically at 25, 50 and 100<!--> <!-->mg/kg b.w daily once for 30<!--> <span><span>days. The levels of plasma glucose, insulin, hemoglobin (Hb), </span>glycated hemoglobin (HbA</span><sub>1c</sub><span>) and glycogen, levels of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes<span>, liver and kidney markers were evaluated. Oral administration of SA (50</span></span> <!-->mg/kg) for 30<!--> <span>days, dose dependently improved the glycemic status in diabetic rats. The levels of insulin, Hb and glycogen increased with significant decrease in glucose and HbA</span><sub>1c</sub><span> levels in SA treated rats. The altered activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes, hepatic and renal marker were restored to near normal. Histopathological analysis of pancreas revealed that treatment with SA reduced the pancreatic damage induced by alloxan and stimulated β-cell regeneration in diabetic rats. The present findings suggest the antihyperglycemic effect of SA and its therapeutic potential for the management of diabetes.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100182,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80346655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.006
Nagaraja Haleagrahara , Srikumar Chakravarthi , Anupama Bangra Kulur , Tan Mun Yee
Cyclosporine (CsA) is an immunosuppressant drug universally used for the prevention of transplant rejection and also for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Use of cyclosporine has been limited by its side effects such as hypertension and renal damage. Antioxidants are known to protect free radical induced damage of tissues during drug toxicity. The aim of this study was to test the role of plant flavone apigenin against cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, cyclosporine alone, and cyclosporine with apigenin (10, 15 and 20 mg/kg). Cyclosporine treatment was continued for 21 days to induce nephrotoxicity. From the blood samples, urea, uric acid, total antioxidants and lipid hydroperoxide assays were done. There was a significant renal damage with cyclosporine alone treatment. Blood urea nitrogen, urea, uric acid and lipid hydroperoxides were significantly elevated whereas there was a significant decrease in the total antioxidant levels. Treatment with apigenin significantly reduced the lipid hydroperoxides and increased the total antioxidant levels. Concurrent apigenin treatment significantly reduced the histopathological changes in the CsA treated groups. In conclusion, the study confirmed the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity and protective effects of flavone apigenin against free radical-induced renal damage.
{"title":"Plant flavone apigenin protects against cyclosporine-induced histological and biochemical changes in the kidney in rats","authors":"Nagaraja Haleagrahara , Srikumar Chakravarthi , Anupama Bangra Kulur , Tan Mun Yee","doi":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Cyclosporine<span><span> (CsA) is an immunosuppressant drug universally used for the prevention of </span>transplant rejection<span><span> and also for the treatment<span> of autoimmune diseases. Use of cyclosporine has been limited by its side effects such as hypertension and renal damage. Antioxidants are known to protect free radical induced damage of tissues during </span></span>drug toxicity<span>. The aim of this study was to test the role of plant flavone<span> apigenin<span> against cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, cyclosporine alone, and cyclosporine with apigenin (10, 15 and 20</span></span></span></span></span></span> <!-->mg/kg). Cyclosporine treatment was continued for 21<!--> <span><span><span><span>days to induce nephrotoxicity. From the blood samples, urea, uric acid, total antioxidants and </span>lipid hydroperoxide assays were done. There was a significant renal damage with cyclosporine alone treatment. </span>Blood urea nitrogen, urea, uric acid and lipid hydroperoxides were significantly elevated whereas there was a significant decrease in the total antioxidant levels. Treatment with apigenin significantly reduced the lipid hydroperoxides and increased the total antioxidant levels. Concurrent apigenin treatment significantly reduced the histopathological changes in the CsA treated groups. In conclusion, the study confirmed the role of </span>oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity and protective effects of flavone apigenin against free radical-induced renal damage.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100182,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"95866197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluate the anti-amnesic and neuroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Prunus avium (EEPA) on streptozotocin (STZ) induced neurotoxicity in mice.
Methods
The mice were pre-treated with EEPA at selective doses (200, 400 mg/kg, p.o.) for a period of 3 weeks followed by intracerebroventricular injection (ICV) of STZ (0.5mg/kg). Neurobehavioral-alterations were evaluated using Y-maze and elevated plus maze. Biochemical markers, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), corticosterone, thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), tissue nitrite, antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase were estimated.
Results
Obtain results revealed those 28 days of treatment with EEPA was effective in averting neurotoxicity. EEPA supplementation significantly reduced AChE, corticosterone, TBARS, tissue nitrite levels and ameliorated the deficits in learning and memory impairment with increased levels of antioxidants.
Conclusions
These results envisage that ethanolic extract of Prunus avium exhibit cognitive improvement which is most likely related, at least in part, to its antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. Further studies are suggested to evaluate the isolated bioactive Prunus avium fruits to identify the molecular mechanism involved in modulation of cholinergic transmission.
{"title":"Neuroprotective effect of Prunus avium on streptozotocin induced neurotoxicity in mice","authors":"Edula Vinitha, Hanish J.C. Singh, Rahul Motiram Kakalij, Rahul Padmakar Kshirsagar, Boyina Hemanth Kumar, Prakash V. Diwan","doi":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>To evaluate the anti-amnesic and neuroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of </span><em>Prunus avium</em><span> (EEPA) on streptozotocin<span> (STZ) induced neurotoxicity in mice.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The mice were pre-treated with EEPA at selective doses (200, 400<!--> <!-->mg/kg, p.o.) for a period of 3<!--> <span>weeks followed by intracerebroventricular injection (ICV) of STZ (0.5</span> <span><span>mg/kg). Neurobehavioral-alterations were evaluated using Y-maze and elevated plus maze<span>. Biochemical markers<span>, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), </span></span></span>corticosterone<span><span>, thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), tissue nitrite, antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), </span>glutathione peroxidase<span> (GPx) and catalase were estimated.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Obtain results revealed those 28<!--> <span>days of treatment with EEPA was effective in averting neurotoxicity. EEPA supplementation significantly reduced AChE, corticosterone, TBARS, tissue nitrite levels and ameliorated the deficits in learning and memory impairment with increased levels of antioxidants.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results envisage that ethanolic extract of <em>Prunus avium</em> exhibit cognitive improvement which is most likely related, at least in part, to its antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. Further studies are suggested to evaluate the isolated bioactive <em>Prunus avium</em><span> fruits to identify the molecular mechanism involved in modulation of cholinergic transmission.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100182,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"95682180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic environmental toxicant and it is a globally used endocrine disruptor that is incorporated in many plastic industries. The revelation BPA has been implicated to have perilous consequences on reproductive healthiness in human and experimental animals. Present examination endeavor to appraise a powerful antioxidant lycopene against an estrogenic compound BPA. Healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to Bisphenol A (200mg/kg body weight) dissolved in corn oil (1mL) administered orally for 30 days. The pathological alterations due to BPA encouraged oxidative stress were evaluated in testis and epidydimis tissues. Simultaneously, adjustments in testicular hormones, sperm characteristic, biological enzymes like antioxidant enzymes, elevated peroxide reactions and enhanced ROS formations were measured in reproductive toxicity rats. Captivatingly, oral administration of lycopene (10 mg/kg body weight) with BPA intoxicated rats reduced the testicular toxic condition, biochemical and morphological changes were brought back to normal. In termination, antioxidant potential of lycopene, ameliorates the changes that are induced by BPA.
{"title":"Efficiency of lycopene against reproductive and developmental toxicity of Bisphenol A in male Sprague Dawley rats","authors":"Peranandam Tamilselvan , Kulanthaivel Langeswaran , Shanmugam Vijayaprakash , Subbaraj Gowtham kumar , Rajendran Revathy , Maruthaiveeran Periyaswamy Balasubramanian","doi":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic environmental toxicant and it is a globally used </span>endocrine disruptor<span> that is incorporated in many plastic industries. The revelation BPA has been implicated to have perilous consequences on reproductive healthiness in human and experimental animals. Present examination endeavor to appraise a powerful antioxidant lycopene against an </span></span>estrogenic compound BPA. Healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to Bisphenol A (200</span> <span>mg/kg body weight) dissolved in corn oil (1</span> <span><span>mL) administered orally for 30 days. The pathological alterations due to BPA encouraged oxidative stress<span><span> were evaluated in testis<span> and epidydimis tissues. Simultaneously, adjustments in testicular hormones, sperm characteristic, biological enzymes like </span></span>antioxidant enzymes<span>, elevated peroxide reactions and enhanced ROS formations were measured in </span></span></span>reproductive toxicity<span> rats. Captivatingly, oral administration of lycopene (10</span></span> <!-->mg/kg body weight) with BPA intoxicated rats reduced the testicular toxic condition, biochemical and morphological changes were brought back to normal. In termination, antioxidant potential of lycopene, ameliorates the changes that are induced by BPA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100182,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89119703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.004
Harish Kumar , K. Sreedhara Ranganath Pai , Naseer Maliyakkal , Savaliya Mihir , Charanjeet Singh
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).
This article has been retracted at the request of the Author as it was submitted without institutional or co-author approval included an author who did not participate in the study, and did not include study participants who should have been named as contributors to the study.
{"title":"RETRACTED: In vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of Mimusops elengi Linn. methanolic bark extract","authors":"Harish Kumar , K. Sreedhara Ranganath Pai , Naseer Maliyakkal , Savaliya Mihir , Charanjeet Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (<span>http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy</span><svg><path></path></svg>).</p><p>This article has been retracted at the request of the Author as it was submitted without institutional or co-author approval included an author who did not participate in the study, and did not include study participants who should have been named as contributors to the study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100182,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85957005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.005
Chayanika Sahni , Rajinder K. Gupta , Pratibha Nand
Currently, there is an escalating demand of people for probiotic health-based products. Further, the survival of these bacteria in the human gastrointestinal system is questionable. Viability of probiotic in food and food products is a challenge for the food processing industry. Providing probiotic living cells with a physical barrier against adverse environmental conditions is therefore an approach currently receiving considerable interest to achieve longer shelf-life of the product. In the present study, skimmed milk powder along with probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) and prebiotic (Fructooligosaccharide) were used to make granules by wet granulation method and the viability of the granulated probiotic organism was investigated. Results indicated poor survival of the L. acidophilus after granulation. Physico-chemical characteristics of two optimised F1 and F2 formulations were assessed for pH, water holding capacity and moisture content determination. Major future challenges are also spotlighted.
{"title":"Insignificant viability of the granules of probiotic and prebiotic with skimmed milk powder","authors":"Chayanika Sahni , Rajinder K. Gupta , Pratibha Nand","doi":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Currently, there is an escalating demand of people for probiotic health-based products. Further, the survival of these bacteria in the human </span>gastrointestinal system is questionable. Viability of probiotic in food and food products is a challenge for the food processing industry. Providing probiotic living cells with a physical barrier against adverse environmental conditions is therefore an approach currently receiving considerable interest to achieve longer shelf-life of the product. In the present study, skimmed milk powder along with probiotic (</span><span><em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em></span><span>) and prebiotic (Fructooligosaccharide) were used to make granules by wet granulation method and the viability of the granulated probiotic organism was investigated. Results indicated poor survival of the </span><em>L</em>. <em>acidophilus</em> after granulation. Physico-chemical characteristics of two optimised F1 and F2 formulations were assessed for pH, water holding capacity and moisture content determination. Major future challenges are also spotlighted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100182,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74561783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.009
Palanisamy Arulselvan , Hasfar Amynurliyana Abdul Ghofar , Govindarajan Karthivashan , Mohd Firdaus Abdul Halim , Muhammad Syafiq Abdul Ghafar , Sharida Fakurazi
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic/endocrine disorder throughout the world and cause serious medical problems to human health. Recent drastic changes over human dietary habits and contemporary lifestyle lead to various chronic disorders/diseases particularly metabolic diseases including obesity. Traditional medicinal plants and their active phyto-constituents have been used throughout the world for the therapy of diabetes and associated secondary complications. Among many medications and other alternative medicines, numerous herbs have been well-known to cure and prevent diabetes. Several traditionally important medicinal plants have been investigated for their beneficial use in different types of diabetes and its complications. The effects of these plants may delay the development of diabetic complications and alter the metabolic abnormalities using a variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms. A considerable number of active medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds were subjected to clinical trials and were found effective. Moreover, during the past few years many phyto-constituents responsible for antidiabetic effects have been isolated from plants showed higher potential than synthetic drugs. As a result, recently, considerable scientific attention has been directed towards classification/identification of traditional medicinal plants with antihyperglycemic ability that may be used for daily consumption along with the food. This review paper mainly focuses on natural phytoextracts with their pharmacological mechanism of action and their preclinical experimental model, which attracts the attention of pharmacologist, phytochemist and pharmocognosist for further scientific research towards endocrine metabolic disorder.
{"title":"Antidiabetic therapeutics from natural source: A systematic review","authors":"Palanisamy Arulselvan , Hasfar Amynurliyana Abdul Ghofar , Govindarajan Karthivashan , Mohd Firdaus Abdul Halim , Muhammad Syafiq Abdul Ghafar , Sharida Fakurazi","doi":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic/endocrine disorder throughout the world and cause serious medical problems to </span>human health. Recent drastic changes over human dietary habits and contemporary lifestyle lead to various chronic disorders/diseases particularly </span>metabolic diseases including obesity. Traditional medicinal plants and their active phyto-constituents have been used throughout the world for the therapy of diabetes and associated secondary complications. Among many medications and other </span>alternative medicines<span>, numerous herbs have been well-known to cure and prevent diabetes. Several traditionally important medicinal plants have been investigated for their beneficial use in different types of diabetes and its complications. The effects of these plants may delay the development of diabetic complications and alter the metabolic abnormalities using a variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms. A considerable number of active medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds were subjected to </span></span>clinical trials and were found effective. Moreover, during the past few years many phyto-constituents responsible for antidiabetic effects have been isolated from plants showed higher potential than synthetic drugs. As a result, recently, considerable scientific attention has been directed towards classification/identification of traditional medicinal plants with antihyperglycemic ability that may be used for daily consumption along with the food. This review paper mainly focuses on natural phytoextracts with their pharmacological mechanism of action and their preclinical experimental model, which attracts the attention of pharmacologist, phytochemist and pharmocognosist for further scientific research towards endocrine metabolic disorder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100182,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73562450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.007
Z. Ashkavand , H. Malekinejad , B.S. Vishwanath
Inflammation is the hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA) leading to pain and disability. Objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of Silymarin (SMN, an antioxidant), Celecoxib (CLX, a selective COX inhibitor) and their combination on chemically induced arthritis in rats. The biochemical parameters and radiology impact of the treatment was also determined. Wistar male rats were assigned into five groups including control, OA+, OA+ CLX (100 mg/kg), OA+ SMN (50 mg/kg) and OA+ CLX + SMN (25 mg/kg). Combined treatment returned the elevated levels of inflammatory mediators (ROS, TNF-α, ALP, COX-2) to normal levels in 14 days. In the SMN + CLX treated animals significant reduction in KL grade and normal joint space narrowing was observed. X-ray radiological studies supported the biochemical findings. These findings suggest that co-administration of SMN with CLX could be an effective antiarthritic treatment which can equally abolish the arthritis associated secondary complication.
{"title":"Combined action of Silymarin and Celecoxib in modulating inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis","authors":"Z. Ashkavand , H. Malekinejad , B.S. Vishwanath","doi":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Inflammation is the hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA) leading to pain and disability. Objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of </span>Silymarin<span><span> (SMN, an antioxidant), Celecoxib (CLX, a selective COX inhibitor) and their combination on chemically induced arthritis in rats. The biochemical parameters and </span>radiology<span> impact of the treatment was also determined. Wistar male rats were assigned into five groups including control, OA</span></span></span><sup>+</sup>, OA<sup>+</sup> CLX (100<!--> <!-->mg/kg), OA<sup>+</sup> SMN (50<!--> <!-->mg/kg) and OA<sup>+</sup> CLX<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->SMN (25<!--> <span><span>mg/kg). Combined treatment returned the elevated levels of inflammatory mediators (ROS, TNF-α, </span>ALP, COX-2) to normal levels in 14</span> <!-->days. In the SMN<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->CLX treated animals significant reduction in KL grade and normal joint space narrowing was observed. X-ray radiological studies supported the biochemical findings. These findings suggest that co-administration of SMN with CLX could be an effective antiarthritic treatment which can equally abolish the arthritis associated secondary complication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100182,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82310101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}