Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition最新文献

Hesperidin (HDN), a polyphenolic flavonoid, had drawn attention due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity. Valproate (VPA) is one of the routinely used antiepileptic drugs that has also been associated with hepatotoxicity and its metabolites, like 4-ene VPA and 2,4-diene. VPA are the main contributory compounds in inducing hepatic damage. As lifelong intake of valproate has been recommended, ameliorating its toxicity by administration of safe antioxidants might be beneficial in protecting the liver. The current experiment was designed to test the efficacy of hesperidin on counteracting valproate-induced hepatotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups: Control, VPA, HDN + VPA and HDN. VPA (300 mg/kg bwt/day) and HDN (100 mg/kg bwt/day) were administered orally for 60 days. At the end of the experimental period, rats were sacrificed and liver was excised for biochemical, mRNA and protein analysis. The extent of hepatotoxicity was assessed by liver marker enzymes, oxidative stressors, antioxidant enzymes, mRNA and protein expression of apoptotic proteins. The efficacy of hesperidin was assessed by the ability to safeguard the liver and prevent apoptosis of the hepatocytes in valproate-treated rats. The activities of liver marker enzymes, macromolecular damage and gene expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins were altered in valproate-treated rats when compared to control rats whereas hesperidin co-treated rats showed significant protection. Hesperidin protects the liver from valproate-induced toxicity by curtailing lipid peroxidation and preventing the cells from entering into apoptosis.

The present study was aimed to examine the hypolipidemic effect of coumarin on streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin, 15 min after the intraperitoneal administration of 110 mg/kg nicotinamide. Streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic rats showed a significant increase in the levels of plasma and tissue (liver and kidney) lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids), LDL, VLDL and a significant decrease in the levels of HDL were observed. A significant increase in the activity of HMG-CoA reductase in tissues and significant decrease in the activities of LPL and LCAT in plasma were observed in type 2 diabetic rats. After oral administration of coumarin to diabetic rats, were found to alleviate the lipid profiles and lipid metabolizing enzymes. Conclusively, oral treatment of coumarin exhibited in a marked antihyperlipidemic effect against diabetes mellitus.

The aim of the present investigation was to isolate and identify the phytochemicals from Semecarpus anacardium seeds and evaluate their activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Escherichia coli MTCC 1689 and Proteus vulgaris MTCC 742 using well diffusion method). The phytochemicals were isolated using silica gel column chromatography and characterized as catechol derivatives by spectroscopic analyses. The antimicrobial activity of the isolated catechol derivatives I-IV varied according to the dose and bacterial strains tested. Among the four catechol derivatives, catechol derivatives I and IV showed prominent antibacterial activity against both the positive and negative human pathogenic organisms compared to catechol derivatives II, III and tetracycline – a reference antibiotic drug. From these findings, it can be concluded that catechol derivatives I and IV possessed methyl group (CH3) in aromatic ring and no double bond in the aliphatic side chain which was not present in catechol derivatives II and III and they possessed double bonds in the aliphatic side chain and no methyl group in the aromatic ring. These may be the possible reason for showing more inhibitory activity of catechol derivatives I and IV. These results showed the effectiveness of catechol derivatives against tested bacterial strains. Further work is necessary to explore these antimicrobial compounds, which are useful in clinical applications.

Melanoma is a life threatening condition, which mostly effects cocassions despite the advancements in current chemotherapeutic techniques. The aim of present study is to investigate the apoptotic inducing potential of oleanolic acid (OA) in A375 human melanoma cells. The anti-proliferative effects of OA (12.5–200 μM) were assessed by cell growth and XTT assay. The morphological and nuclear damage studies were carried out by Wright-Giemsa and DAPI staining, respectively. Further, the apoptotic inducing potential of OA in A375 cells were measured by DNA fragmentation ELISA. The results showed a dose-responsive effect of OA by inhibiting the cell growth significantly (P < 0.05) at 24 and 48 h with a decrease in cell viability (XTT data). The significant morphological changes included cellular annihilation, which was observed in A375 cells when compared to the control cells. Quantitative dose-dependent increase in apoptotic-DNA fragments in ELISA and nuclear fragments in DAPI results, further demonstrated the potential of this triterpenoid to induce apoptotic cell death at a concentration, particularly higher than 50 μM. Thus, we conclude that OA has wielded both anti-proliferative and apoptotic inducing potentials against A375 melanoma cells and can be a better choice for its progression.

A protein with bioactive potential was purified from the leaves of Datura inoxia P.mil. The preliminary screening of the crude proteins fractionated by Ammonium Sulphate was carried out for its antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. It exerted antibacterial activity against three bacteria namely Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli but was not effective against Aeromonas hydrophilia. It unveiled an increasing free radical scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manner and presented a potential anticancer activity against human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT 29. The active protein fraction was purified by ion exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex. The purified protein has a molecular weight of 14.3 kDa and Peptide Mass Fingerprint using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time Of Flight Mass Spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF/MS) revealed peptide matches to defensin-like protein of Brassica napus, chaperonin CPN60-2 and mitochondria of Cucurbita maxima. The purified protein showed anticancer activity against HT 29 cancer cell line.

Diabetic dyslipidemia, defined as atherogenic dyslipidemia, is thought to be highly responsible for the increased cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus. It is due to hyperglycemia and dysregulation in fatty acid metabolism. Recently, we have reported the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of a novel vanadium-3-hydroxy flavone complex in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In the present study, diabetic rats were treated with vanadium-3-hydroxy flavone complex (5 mg/kg body weight/day) for a period of 30 days and the status of the lipid profile in the serum, liver and kidney was evaluated. The increased levels of lipid contents in serum and tissues observed in diabetic rats were reinstated to near normal levels by the administration of the vanadium-3-hydroxy flavone complex. Also the decreased levels of HDL-cholesterol and increased levels of LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol in serum of diabetic rats were normalized upon treatment with the complex. The results of the present study illustrate the antidyslipidemic property of the vanadium-3-hydroxy flavone complex. The observed antidyslipidemic property of the complex might be due to its insulin mimetic nature.

For precise delivery of 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (IPMP), Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based superparamagnetic nanoparticles loaded with IPMP (IMNPs) were synthesized and characterized. IMNPs with a particle size of 223 ± 20.7 nm were synthesized by solvent evaporation method. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles of 33 ± 3.63 nm encapsulated in the PLGA polymer provides the superparamagnetic property to the IMNPs. The entrapment efficacy of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol and average cumulative percentage release profile of IPMP from the IMNPs were investigated. The magnetic nanocarrier enhanced the stability and activity of IPMP. Release of IPMP from IMNPs occurred in a controlled manner. The cytotoxicity of IMNPs against human hepatoma Hep3B cell line was investigated and the IC₅₀ value was found to be 20 μg/mL for IMNPs compared to 25 μg/mL for free IPMP. The result showed that IMNPs had significant antitumor activity. Therefore, IMNPs may be considered as an effective anticancer drug delivery system for cancer chemotherapy.

Exposure to any kind of noise exceeding 90 dB is reported to be a stressor. This study focuses on whether Emblica officinalis supplement (333 mg/kg/b.wt) could avert the noise stress induced behavioural changes in Wistar albino rats. Noise stress animals were exposed to 100 dB (4 hr/day) for 15 days. When compared to control and E. officinalis treated animals, noise stress animals showed an increased immobilization, rearing, fecal bolus and marked decrease in ambulation and grooming in open field test, whereas in elevated plus maze, it showed a marked decrease in the number of open arm entry and percentage, time spent in open arm and percentage. Noise stress animals treated with E. officinalis showed improvement in all the above observations and recovered from the stress. The results imply that E. officinalis possesses anti-stressor property by reducing the noise stress induced alterations in behaviour, its effect might be due to the antioxidant property of E. officinalis.

Extract rich in glucans from the Caripia montagnei mushroom showed an anti-edematous activity higher than the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), indomethacin and parecoxib. Agonists of PPARα showed a value of 90.8 ± 10.9% and roziglitazone, an agonist of PPARy, exhibited 41.9 ± 7.1%. An experimental animal model, carrageenan-induced pleurisy, found that this polysaccharide also displayed an anti-inflammatory effect. Severe reductions occur in leukocyte migration, in addition to modest nitric oxide production. The polymer antiangiogenic activity showed a high inhibiting concentration of 1000 μg/egg. This study also investigated total antioxidant activity (57 ± 0.3%), reducing power (37.6 ± 0.16), and lipid peroxidation (84 ± 0.51%) of these polysaccharides. Inhibition of hydroxyl radical was 38.0 ± 0.01% (1 mg/mL), with high inhibition of iron chelation. Results showed that β-glucan content from Caripia montagnei has significant pharmacological activity in inflammation models, angiogenesis, and inhibition of free radicals.

Development of environmentally benign biological process for the synthesis of nanoparticles is one of the important areas of research in nanotechnology. In the present study, gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were synthesized at room temperature using Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum) leaf extract as reducing agent. The gold nanoparticles obtained were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZP), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The Au-NPs formation was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy through color conversion due to surface plasma resonance band at 537 nm. DLS studies revealed that the average size of Au-NPs was found to be around 50 nm. Zeta potential value for Au-NPs obtained was −17.80 mV indicating the moderate stability of synthesized nanoparticles. Crystalline nature of the Au-NPs in face centered cubic structure is evident from the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and XRD pattern. FT-IR spectrum identifies the presence of different biomolecules in the S. nigrum leaf extract responsible for the reduction and stabilization of Au-NPs. The biomedical properties of Au-NPs were premeditated as free radical scavenging activity and antibacterial static agents. Biosynthesized Au-NPs showed a strong DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavengers compared to the aqueous leaf extract of S. nigrum. Furthermore, the biosynthesized Au-NPs significantly inhibited the growth of medically important pathogenic gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The report suggests that the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles could have a high potential for use in the preparation of drugs used against various diseases and also promising candidate for many medical applications.