Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition最新文献

The present exploration reports an extensive evaluation of in vitro anticancer efficacy of a novel aqueous ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica (ETAI) loaded chitosan-casein (CS-CT) microparticles in a cancer cell line model. Spherically shaped ETAI loaded CS-CT (CS/CT/ETAI) microparticles were prepared by colloidal coacervation technique in a completely aqueous environment with an entrapment efficiency and particle size of 85.30 ± 4.10 and 2 ± 0.96 μm respectively. Cytotoxicity, as investigated on human prostate cancer cell line (PC3) by MTT assay, revealed insignificant differences between free ETAI and CS/CT/ETAI microparticles treated cells in the first 24 h, while higher cytotoxicity was demonstrated by CS/CT/ETAI microparticles, following 72 h of incubation. Percentage of cytotoxicity also demonstrated by LDH assay, which shown the concentration dependent leakage of LDH from PC3 cells exposed to free ETAI and CS/CT/ETAI microparticles The use of significantly low concentration of Acalypha indica loaded with CS/CT is a much better approach in comparison to the use of free ETAI for cancer treatment in future.

Various structural modifications of the heteroaryl chalcones templates have been made to explore its promising biological potential in recent years. This review article is an effort to sum up the design, chemistry and biological activities of heteroaryl chalcones. In this connection, we highlighted the brief summary about the therapeutic potential of chalcones which bearing heterocyclic nucleus such as furan, thiophene, thiazole, indole, benzimidazole and quinoline.

The antioxidant and anticancer activities of bioactive peptide isolated from oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) protein hydrolysate were evaluated in vitro. The oyster hydrolysate exhibited a strong antioxidant potential as a DPPH scavenger (85.7 ± 0.37%) followed by reducing power (2.63 ± 0.2 OD at 700 nm) at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Due to the high antioxidant potential, hydrolysate was fractionated in Sephadex G-25 gel filtration chromatography and peptides were purified by UPLC-MS. Among 7 purified peptides (SCAP1–7), 3 peptides (SCAP1, 3 and 7) had the highest scavenging ability on DPPH radicals. The amino acid sequence and molecular mass of purified peptides (SCAP1, SCAP3 and SCAP7) were Leu-Ala-Asn-Ala-Lys (MW = 515.29 Da), Pro-Ser-Leu-Val-Gly-Arg-Pro-Pro-Val-Gly-Lys-Leu-Thr-Leu (MW = 1432.89 Da) and Val-Lys-Val-Leu-Leu-Glu-His-Pro-Val-Leu (MW = 1145.75 Da), respectively. Moreover, oyster peptide SCAP1 had anticancer activity against human colon carcinoma (HT-29) cell lines. Percentage of cell growth inhibition (MTT assay), apoptotic morphological changes (AO/EtBr staining) and oxidative DNA damage (comet assay) were estimated. We thus conclude that the anticancer and antioxidative peptide (SCAP1) from oyster (S. cucullata) may be useful ingredients in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

Introduction

Quercetin is shown to exhibits wide range of metabolic functions including its antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties. Paradoxically, exercise which induces a severe oxidative stress resulting in the depletion of plasma and tissue antioxidants is an important deterrent of CVD. We therefore hypothesized that the combination of quercetin and exercise would have favorable impact at the cellular level by augmenting antioxidant/anti-inflammatory pathways involving set of microRNAs signaling. The discovery of microRNAs (miRs), a little more than a decade ago, has dramatically changed our perspective of gene expression regulation, and has provided a unique opportunity for researchers to address some of these unexplained metabolic ambiguities.

Study design

Forty C57BL6 LDL^−/− mice fed atherogenic diet. Mice were divided into four groups (10 each) as follows: control mice (NN), left untreated; control quercetin group (NQ), orally supplied with 100 μg/day of quercetin without exercising; exercise group without quercetin (NE), and exercise group with quercetin (EQ) supplements. The exercise groups were run on a treadmill for 30 minutes, 15 m/m/5 days/week for 30 days. All animals were on atherogenic diet containing 1.5% cholesterol with total 42% Fat Kcal Diet. At the end of the month of treatment, mice were sacrificed, liver, and aorta were collected for genes micRNAs analysis.

Results

miR-21 was significantly (P < 0.05) up-regulated in both liver and aorta samples, similar trend were observed in animals on exercise with or without the intake of quercetin (P < 0.05); however miR-451 was significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated in mice livers.

Conclusion

Exercise and quercetin intake modulates the expression of miR-21, 125b and 451.

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a polyphenolic phytoconstituent found in many herbs of lamiacea species like rosemary, mint, thyme, basil, oregano. RA exhibits a wide array of benefecial and pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory. Oral administration of RA (100 mg/kg body weight) to high fat diet fed – low doses of STZ induced type 2 diabetic rats for 30 days established a significant (P < 0.05) decline in the levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood urea, serum uric acid and creatinine along with increase in plasma insulin level. Diminished activities of hepatospecific pathophysiological enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were observed in diabetic rats administered with RA. Further, the altered activities of key carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes such as hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase (P < 0.05) in the liver tissue of diabetic rats were significantly reverted to near normal levels upon treatment with RA. Also, RA administration to diabetic rats improved hepatic glycogen content suggesting the anti-hyperglycemic potential of RA in diabetic animals. The obtained results were compared with metformin, a standard oral hypoglycemic drug. Thus, the present findings indicate that RA is nontoxic and it can potentially maintain glycemic control and regulate the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in experimental diabetic rats.

The dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has emerged over the past 20 years as an important way to modify cardiovascular risk. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of a partial replacement of soybean meal in control economic diet by different concentrations of fish oil on the possible harmful changes in histological structure of liver and kidney and blood parameters in rabbits. A total of 36 adult New Zealand rabbits were equally divided into four groups, (control diet and control diet supplemented with different concentrations of fish oil at levels of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mL fish oil per day/kg live body weight) and dissected after 6 weeks. Our results showed that, feeding diet supplemented with fish oil were significantly increased the percentages of hemoglobin, platelets, the mean corpuscular hemoglobin, WBCs count, total proteins, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, _SGOT and testosterone and significantly decreased the total lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides. The used of fish oil are good supplements for growing rabbits without any adverse effect on histological structure of liver and kidney in rabbits.

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent successfully used in the treatment of a wide range of tumours. However, its full clinical utility is limited due to some adverse effects. Diallyl sulfide (DAS) is a major flavour component of garlic. The present study is to evaluate nephroprotective effect of DAS on the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six each: Group I served as control rats; Group II received single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of 7 mg/kg BW cisplatin. Group III received both cisplatin and DAS (100 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally); Group IV received DAS alone. Cisplatin administration significantly alters the levels of serum marker enzymes and renal tissue markers. DAS administration significantly reduced levels of serum marker enzymes and improved renal functions. Increase MDA level with a concomitant reduction in enzymic antioxidants and non-enzymic antioxidants were observed in cisplatin-induced group, which was reversed upon DAS treatment. Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity which is also supported by histopathological studies and elevated expressions of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B and Cyclooxygenase-2 in cisplatin-induced group, and it were attenuated upon DAS treatment. These results indicate that the antioxidant effect of DAS might contribute against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Nature still serves as the major source for the cure of various ailments. More than 80% of people are utilizing plants as part of their routine health management. Although phytotherapy continues to be used in several countries, only few plants have received scientific or medical scrutiny. Musa species is widely distributed in tropical regions and used in folk medicine for various treatments. Recently, we have reported the antidiabetic effects of Musa paradisiaca tepal extract (MPTE) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In the present study, we have isolated and characterized syringin, a phenyl propanoid glucoside from MPTE and evaluated its antidiabetic efficacy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Syringin was isolated from MPTE and characterized using spectral studies. Diabetic rats were administered 50 mg/kg per day syringin orally for 30 days. After experimental period, rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for important biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin, HbA_1c, total protein, urea, uric acid and creatinine. Serum aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatases were assayed. The data revealed the presence of phenylpropanoid glycoside, syringin in MPTE. Elevated blood glucose and HbA_1c levels, the reduced plasma insulin and hemoglobin levels in diabetic rats were significantly reversed to near normal after oral administration of syringin. Plasma protein, blood urea, serum creatinine and uric acid levels were also normalized after treatment. The altered activities of serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatases were normalized upon syringin treatment indicating its nontoxic nature. The presence of syringin in the tepal extract may account for its antidiabetic potential.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common inflammatory bowel disease which on prolongation causes colorectal cancer (CRC) making UC as the highest risk factor for CRC development. Despite the use of Aegle marmelos in folk medicine, few studies have reported its colonic healing activity. We exploited the use of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in inducing colitis in Swiss albino mice and examine the inflammatory modulating effect of A. marmelos fruit extract (AME). HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of two biologically active compounds namely umbelliferon (a coumarin-derivative) and lupeol (triterpenoid). Fourteen days feeding of DSS to mice elicited colitis, with drastically reduced body weight with altered clinical severity score, combined with shortening of colon length. Oral administration of AME (50 mg/kg) evidenced a significant suppression of disease symptoms. The increased mRNA expressions of interleukin (IL) 2, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α during colitis, were also reduced significantly. Notable reduction in the NF-κB expression in the colonic region was also noted which is substantiates with docking analysis were UMB and LUP found in AME bounds with NF-κB. Furthermore, DSS-altered histopathological features of colon were also recovered on treatment with AME. Thus the observation revealed the restorative significance of AME in healing the DSS-induced colitis in mice by modulating NF-κB and regulating pro-inflammatory mediators involved in the colonic injury.

Urease positive probiotic Lactobacillus strains were tested for oxidative stress and uremic profile on experimental rat (Wister strains) induced by acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. Experimental rats received acetaminophen interperitoneally at the dose of 500 mg/kg/day, continuously for 10 days. From 11th day onwards they were orally fed with Lactobacillus fermentum (MTCC 903), Lactobacillus plantarum (MTCC 4462) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (MTCC 1408) respectively at the dose of 10⁹ CFU/mL/100 g of body weight/day for 15 days continuously. Plasma, kidney, liver and fecal samples were tested for uremic profile of the sacrificed rats after the experiment. In APAP treated rats, plasma urea, creatinine (Cr), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and malonaldehyde (MDA) level elevated and catalase (CAT) and super oxide diusmutase (SOD) level declined significantly compared to negative control. However, level of plasma urea, Cr, GOT and MDA in tested rats were significantly lower in comparison to positive control. The uremic profile of the probiotic induced rats was very much comparable with the negative control, even better for some parametric values. Prevention of DNA fragmentation in kidney tissues and reduction of enteric pathogens in feces of Lactobacillus fed rats were noticed. Electrolytes profile of the tested plasma samples were in acceptable range. To sum up, tested urease positive Lactobacillus strains were shown to improve the clinical condition of the acetaminophen induced uremic experimental rats.