Biotechnology Research and Innovation最新文献

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Graduate programs in Brazil need reevaluation to contribute for innovation in biotechnology 巴西的研究生项目需要重新评估，以促进生物技术的创新

Biotechnology Research and Innovation

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biori.2017.01.001

Luiz Antonio Barreto de Castro

引用次数: 0

Support engineering: relation between development of new supports for immobilization of lipases and their applications 支持工程:开发新的固定化脂肪酶的支持和他们的应用之间的关系

Biotechnology Research and Innovation

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biori.2017.01.004

Eliane Pereira Cipolatti , Evelin Andrade Manoel , Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente , Denise Maria Guimarães Freire

The growing interest in processes with the use of immobilized lipases guides to the development of new supports. In that way, the design and characterization of new supports for lipase immobilization have been increasingly popular in literature. Efforts to obtain “the perfect support” (a not accomplished yet) are described in this paper. Obviously, the choice and development of a support is directly related to the process in which it will be used, considering different factors as the media where the immobilzed enzyme will be used (whether aqueous, free or with solvents), potency of agitation, reactor configuration or substrates/products that will be involved. The present work discusses the use of some techniques of support synthesis in the case of core-shell particles, such as: miniemulsion, microemulsion, suspension, dispersion, the use of heterofunctional supports, whole-cell and processes of coimobilization. Some analytical tools for the investigation of enzyme immobilization are also presented, such as fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as support characteristics that may be relevant for its final performance (e.g., specific surface area, particle diameter and particle size distribution and confocal laser scanning microscope).

在使用固定化脂肪酶的过程中日益增长的兴趣引导了新的支持的发展。在这种情况下，设计和表征新的支持脂肪酶固定化已越来越流行的文献。本文描述了获得“完美支持”(尚未完成)的努力。显然，载体的选择和开发与它的使用过程直接相关，要考虑不同的因素，如使用固定化酶的介质(无论是水、游离还是溶剂)、搅拌的效力、反应器配置或所涉及的底物/产物。本工作讨论了在核壳颗粒的情况下使用的一些支持合成技术，如:微乳液、微乳液、悬浮、分散、异功能支持的使用、全细胞和共动员过程。本文还介绍了一些用于酶固定化研究的分析工具，如傅里叶变换红外光谱，以及可能与其最终性能相关的载体特性(例如，比表面积，粒径和粒径分布以及共聚焦激光扫描显微镜)。

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引用次数: 32

Improved genetic transformation of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 using linear DNA fragments in association with a DNase inhibitor 利用线性DNA片段与DNA酶抑制剂联合改良长聚球菌PCC 7942的遗传转化

Biotechnology Research and Innovation

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biori.2017.09.001

Daniela Volcan Almeida , Stefani Betina Boschmann Martens , Carlos Frederico Ceccon Lanes , Luis Fernando Marins

The genetic manipulation in many cyanobacterial strains is challenging yet. Thus, the development of new transformation protocols is desirable to facilitate the genetic engineering in cyanobacteria. Transformations using linear fragments yielded by PCR have advantages such as: less laborious methodology, faster procedure, low cost and unnecessary cloning steps. However, some strains presence extracellular nucleases, which reduce the efficiency in obtaining transformants. In this study, we demonstrate an improved protocol for genetic transformation in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 using linear fragments employing EDTA-mediated inhibition of DNases. To conduct the transformation, linear PCR products containing the spectinomycin antibiotic resistance gene were employed. As result, 40 mM EDTA treatment increased the number of transformants obtained by eightfold in comparison to the conventional protocol using plasmid DNA. Thus, the application of exonuclease inhibitors can be considered a relevant improvement to manipulate cyanobacteria in a more efficient, faster way and as a low-cost alternative. This protocol must be helpful for other strains of cyanobacteria.

在许多蓝藻菌株的基因操作是具有挑战性的。因此，新的转化协议的发展是可取的，以促进基因工程的蓝藻。利用聚合酶链反应产生的线性片段进行转化具有以下优点:方法简便、操作速度快、成本低和不必要的克隆步骤。然而，一些菌株存在胞外核酸酶，这降低了获得转化子的效率。在这项研究中，我们展示了一种改进的方案，利用edta介导的dna酶抑制的线性片段对长聚球菌PCC 7942进行遗传转化。利用含有大观霉素耐药基因的线性PCR产物进行转化。结果，与使用质粒DNA的常规方案相比，40 mM EDTA处理使获得的转化子数量增加了8倍。因此，外切酶抑制剂的应用可以被认为是一种相关的改进，以更有效，更快的方式和低成本的替代方法来操纵蓝藻。这个方案必须是有帮助的其他菌株的蓝藻。

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引用次数: 9

Structural diversity of carbohydrate esterases 碳水化合物酯酶的结构多样性

Biotechnology Research and Innovation

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biori.2017.02.001

Aline M. Nakamura, Alessandro S. Nascimento, Igor Polikarpov

Carbohydrate esterases (CEs) catalyze the de-O or de-N-acylation by removing the ester decorations from carbohydrates. CEs are currently classified in 15 families in the Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme (CAZy) database, which classifies a large variety of enzymes that assemble, modify and breakdown carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. CEs have significant importance as biocatalysts in a variety of bioindustrial processes and applications. Thus, the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in CE catalysis is essential. However, despite a rather large number of enzymes classified as CEs, just a few have been studied biochemically and only a handful has their three-dimensional structures determined and analyzed. Here, we present a brief overview of all currently classified CE families, mainly focusing on the structures and enzymatic activities of CEs.

碳水化合物酯酶通过去除碳水化合物上的酯修饰来催化去o或去n酰化反应。目前，碳水化合物活性酶(CAZy)数据库将ce分为15个家族，该数据库对各种组装、修饰和分解碳水化合物和糖缀合物的酶进行了分类。ce作为生物催化剂在各种生物工业过程和应用中具有重要意义。因此，了解CE催化的分子机制至关重要。然而，尽管有相当多的酶被归类为ce，但只有少数酶被生物化学研究过，只有少数酶的三维结构被确定和分析过。在这里，我们简要介绍了所有目前分类的CE家族，主要集中在CE的结构和酶活性。

引用次数: 90

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