Biotechnology Research and Innovation最新文献

In the present investigation, a total of 34 bacterial isolates were isolated from municipal wastewater and sludge samples. Out of 34, 5 isolates were selected based on their growth on wastewater agar medium and were identified on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical tests. The enzyme production study showed that all the isolates were able to produce lipase and protease while one isolate (NW1D) showed amylase production. The bioremediation potential of these enzymes producing bacteria was investigated and the results suggest that the isolate NW6 was most efficient for bioremediation and showed reduction in biochemical oxidation demand (BOD), chemical oxidation demand (COD), nitrate and phosphate by 50.65%, 20%, 56.25% and 31.13% respectively after 72 h. Further, the NW6 isolate identified as Bacillus licheniformis by 16S rRNA sequencing and was optimized for different parameters to achieve effective results. The results showed that overall optimum inoculum size, retention time and agitation speed for NW6 were 10% (v/v), 96 h and 200 rpm respectively. The reduction in BOD, COD, nitrate and phosphate was found to be 54.55%, 36%, 24.83% and 26.42% respectively with 10% inoculum size. At 96 h retention time with 10% inoculum, BOD, COD, nitrate and phosphate reduction was 69.16%, 42.5%, 49.89% and 39.62% respectively. The reduction in BOD, COD, nitrate and phosphate was found to be 72.08%, 51%, 51.87% and 31.13% respectively at 200 rpm with 10% inoculum. Further, the NW6 may find application in municipal wastewater treatment to prevent water pollution as well as a potential enzyme production.

The world demand for foods will be the most important bottle-neck for human being maintenance. In this context, the research for alternative proteins sources aiming human and animal feeding is a necessary approach. A wild-type strain of Candida tropicalis (KP276650) was identified as potential yeast single cell protein (YSCP) producer using sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate (SBHH) as substrate. Were evaluated the cell growth and sugar consumption along fermentation assay. Biomass yield (Y_B, g g⁻¹), protein percentage (%), protein yield (Y_P, g g⁻¹) and yeast biomass productivity (YBP, g L⁻¹ h⁻¹) were calculated. Fermentation assay reach a total of 96 h, being the total reducing sugar present in the media (59.94 g L⁻¹) fully consumed. Final biomass produced was 16.97 g L⁻¹, and the YBP was 0.1767 g L⁻¹ h⁻¹. Percentage of protein in yeast biomass produced was 60.05%, biomass yield (Y_B) and protein yield (Y_P) were, respectively, 0.28 and 0.17 g g⁻¹. The Y_B and Y_P obtained are close to the observed for some industrial strains of yeasts. The percentage of protein is greater than the expected for most of yeasts and fungi. These results indicate that the using of C. tropicalis (KP276650) for YSCP production may to aggregate high value for sugarcane bagasse.

The present study aims to analyze the antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Dracaena mahatma leaf extract. Qualitative phytochemical screening of leaf powder confirmed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, sterols, triterpenes and anthraquinone glycosides. GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract suggested the presence of 2 unknown compounds and 8 known phytochemicals, of which benzene-(1,6-hexanediylidene)tetrakis constituted a maximum percentage of the crude extract. The total phenolic content of the crude extract was found to be 32.9 ± 0.002 GAE/g. Crude extract demonstrated 90% antioxidant activity in DPPH assay at 100 μg/ml concentration and also demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in FRAP assay at 100 μg/ml concentration. The crude extract did not show any antagonism against fungal pathogens Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. Crude extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against 5 studied pathogen, with the highest antagonism against Escherichia coli with a zone of inhibition of 22 mm at 10 mg/well concentration.

Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds synthesized from plants and microorganisms. These compounds are well known to be promising alternative molecules for industrial and domestic applications due to their high biodegradability, low toxicity, multi-functionality, environmental capability, and availability of resources. In recent times, the chemical compounds of biosurfactants have gained much attention because they are considered as a suitable alternative and eco-friendly materials for remediation technology. The current society is facing several challenges of implementation, enforcing environmental protection and climate change for the next generations. Thus, studies on human and environmental safety to improve the efficiency of sustainable technologies on environmental remediation are being investigated. Biosurfactants exhibited an efficient and successful application in various industries such as cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food, petroleum, agricultural, textile, and wastewater treatment. In this regard, this review focused on the advantages of biosurfactants over the synthetic surfactants produced from petroleum-based products along with their potential application in different industries.

The genus Vigna is distributed throughout the world and it is phylogenetically closely related to agriculturally important crops. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are defined as sequence repeat units that occur between 1 and 6 bp and found in both coding and non-coding regions of genome. The availability of organelle genome sequence helps in understanding the organization of SSRs in them. In this study, chloroplast genome sequences of the genus Vigna were screened for the identification of chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs). A total of 21, 24 and 25 cpSSRs in Vigna angularis, Vigna radiata and Vigna unguiculata, respectively, were mined computationally. The density of ∼1SSR/6.1–7.2 kb was observed. Depending on the different repeat units, the length of SSRs ranged from 12 to 24 bp. Mononucleotides were the most abundant repeats followed by dinucleotide repeats. Hexanucleotide repeats were completely absent in the chloroplast genomes of genus Vigna. Seven cpSSRs were selected on the basis of repeats to study transferability. The transferable markers can be employed in genome mapping and comparative mapping among Vigna species in future studies.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by various methods like physical, chemical and biological methods. Physical and chemical methods are costly and toxic to the environment. So there is an emerging need for production of nanoparticles using nontoxic, eco-friendly and reliable methods to expand their applications in agriculture field. Best option to achieve this goal is the use of biological entities such as microorganisms and plant extracts to synthesize nanoparticles. The main focus of this review is to compile the studies of synthesis of nanoparticles using “eco-friendly nano-factories” i.e., plant extract and microorganisms. Agriculture is an area where new technologies are often applied to improve the yield of crops. Plant diseases are one of the major factors that affect crop productivity. The problem with disease management lies with the detection of the exact stage of prevention. The employment of nanoparticles in agriculture field with some beneficial effects to the crops will be promising step toward nano-revolution in agriculture field. This review also summarizes antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles, their influence on the plant growth parameters and their role in plant pathogenicity.

The synthesis of nanoparticles using green chemistry method is an intensifying research area due to the prospective applications in nanomedicines. The purpose of this present study was to develop a simple phyto-assisted method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Garcinia mangostana stem aqueous extract as reducing agent. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance as determined by UV–visible spectra at 430 nm. The morphology (SEM), diffraction pattern (XRD), elemental analysis (EDX) and visible absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis) confirmed the reduction of silver ions to AgNPs with the above characterization. The XRD data predicted the characteristic diffraction peaks of the elemental silver phases and the SEM image showed spherical nanoparticles in monodisperesed nature. The antibacterial assessment of AgNPs was analyzed by measuring the inhibitory zone.