Lin Lv, Zhengtao Zhang, Dongbo Zhang, Qinchang Chen, Yuanfang Liu, Ya Qiu, Wen Fu, Xuntao Yin, Xiong Chen
Background
Neuroblastoma is one common pediatric malignancy notorious for high temporal and spatial heterogeneities. More than half of its patients develop distant metastases involving vascularized organs, especially the bone marrow. It is thus necessary to have an economical, noninvasive method without much radiation for follow-ups. Radiomics has been used in many cancers to assist accurate diagnosis but not yet in bone marrow metastasis in neuroblastoma.
Methods
A total of 182 patients with neuroblastoma were retrospectively collected and randomly divided into the training and validation sets. Five-hundred and seventy-two radiomics features were extracted from magnetic resonance imaging, among which 41 significant ones were selected via T-test for model development. We attempted 13 machine-learning algorithms and eventually chose three best-performed models. The integrative performance evaluations are based on the area under the curves (AUCs), calibration curves, risk deciles plots, and other indexes.
Results
Extreme gradient boosting, random forest (RF), and adaptive boosting were the top three to predict bone marrow metastases in neuroblastoma while RF was the most accurate one. Its AUC was 0.90 (0.86–0.93), F1 score was 0.82, sensitivity was 0.76, and negative predictive value was 0.79 in the training set. The values were 0.82 (0.71–0.93), 0.80, 0.75, and 0.92 in the validation set, respectively.
Conclusions
Radiomics models are likely to contribute more to metastatic diagnoses and the formulation of personalized healthcare strategies in clinics. It has great potential of being a revolutionary method to replace traditional interventions in the future.
{"title":"Machine-learning radiomics to predict bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma using magnetic resonance imaging","authors":"Lin Lv, Zhengtao Zhang, Dongbo Zhang, Qinchang Chen, Yuanfang Liu, Ya Qiu, Wen Fu, Xuntao Yin, Xiong Chen","doi":"10.1002/cai2.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.92","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neuroblastoma is one common pediatric malignancy notorious for high temporal and spatial heterogeneities. More than half of its patients develop distant metastases involving vascularized organs, especially the bone marrow. It is thus necessary to have an economical, noninvasive method without much radiation for follow-ups. Radiomics has been used in many cancers to assist accurate diagnosis but not yet in bone marrow metastasis in neuroblastoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 182 patients with neuroblastoma were retrospectively collected and randomly divided into the training and validation sets. Five-hundred and seventy-two radiomics features were extracted from magnetic resonance imaging, among which 41 significant ones were selected via <i>T</i>-test for model development. We attempted 13 machine-learning algorithms and eventually chose three best-performed models. The integrative performance evaluations are based on the area under the curves (AUCs), calibration curves, risk deciles plots, and other indexes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extreme gradient boosting, random forest (RF), and adaptive boosting were the top three to predict bone marrow metastases in neuroblastoma while RF was the most accurate one. Its AUC was 0.90 (0.86–0.93), F1 score was 0.82, sensitivity was 0.76, and negative predictive value was 0.79 in the training set. The values were 0.82 (0.71–0.93), 0.80, 0.75, and 0.92 in the validation set, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Radiomics models are likely to contribute more to metastatic diagnoses and the formulation of personalized healthcare strategies in clinics. It has great potential of being a revolutionary method to replace traditional interventions in the future.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"2 5","pages":"405-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71977728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinze Shen, Xinming Su, Ming Pan, Zehua Wang, Yufei Ke, Qurui Wang, Jingyin Dong, Shiwei Duan
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of nonprotein-coding transcripts that are longer than 200 nucleotides. LINC00355 is a lncRNA located on chromosome 13q21.31 and is consistently upregulated in various cancers. It regulates the expression of downstream genes at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, including eight microRNAs (miR-15a-5p, miR-34b-5p, miR-424-5p, miR-1225, miR-217-5p, miR-6777-3p, miR-195, and miR-466) and three protein-coding genes (ITGA2, RAD18, and UBE3C). LINC00355 plays a role in regulating various biological processes such as cell cycle progression, proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. It is involved in the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and p53 signaling pathway. Upregulation of LINC00355 has been identified as a high-risk factor in cancer patients and its increased expression is associated with poorer overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and disease-free survival. LINC00355 upregulation has been linked to several unfavorable clinical characteristics, including advanced tumor node metastasis and World Health Organization stages, reduced Karnofsky Performance Scale scores, increased tumor size, greater depth of invasion, and more extensive lymph node metastasis. LINC00355 induces chemotherapy resistance in cancer cells by regulating five downstream genes, namely HMGA2, ABCB1, ITGA2, WNT10B, and CCNE1 genes. In summary, LINC00355 is a potential oncogene with great potential as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for cancer.
{"title":"Current insights into the oncogenic roles of lncRNA LINC00355","authors":"Jinze Shen, Xinming Su, Ming Pan, Zehua Wang, Yufei Ke, Qurui Wang, Jingyin Dong, Shiwei Duan","doi":"10.1002/cai2.91","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cai2.91","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of nonprotein-coding transcripts that are longer than 200 nucleotides. LINC00355 is a lncRNA located on chromosome 13q21.31 and is consistently upregulated in various cancers. It regulates the expression of downstream genes at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, including eight microRNAs (miR-15a-5p, miR-34b-5p, miR-424-5p, miR-1225, miR-217-5p, miR-6777-3p, miR-195, and miR-466) and three protein-coding genes (<i>ITGA2</i>, <i>RAD18</i>, and <i>UBE3C</i>). LINC00355 plays a role in regulating various biological processes such as cell cycle progression, proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. It is involved in the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and p53 signaling pathway. Upregulation of LINC00355 has been identified as a high-risk factor in cancer patients and its increased expression is associated with poorer overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and disease-free survival. LINC00355 upregulation has been linked to several unfavorable clinical characteristics, including advanced tumor node metastasis and World Health Organization stages, reduced Karnofsky Performance Scale scores, increased tumor size, greater depth of invasion, and more extensive lymph node metastasis. LINC00355 induces chemotherapy resistance in cancer cells by regulating five downstream genes, namely <i>HMGA2</i>, <i>ABCB1</i>, <i>ITGA2</i>, <i>WNT10B</i>, and <i>CCNE1</i> genes. In summary, LINC00355 is a potential oncogene with great potential as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"2 6","pages":"448-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cai2.91","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malignant tumors have become a major threat to human health worldwide. According to incomplete statistics from the World Health Organization, in 112 of 183 countries, malignant tumors are the primary cause of death among people under the age of 70, and cancer morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year [1]. Owing to the limits of current medical technology, it is impossible to completely overcome this persistent disease.
In China, with the development of the social economy and the advancement of medicine, the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors has improved year by year, along with the cure rate of early cancer patients, and the survival period of advanced cancer patients. Statistics from the National Cancer Center of China (NCC) show that the 5-year survival rate of malignant tumors in China has increased from 30.9% in 2003–2005 to 40.5% in 2012–2015 [2]. China clearly stated in the 2016 Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan that the health management of chronic diseases for the entire population and the whole life cycle will be realized by 2030, and the overall 5-year survival rate of cancer will increase by 15%. The 2019 State Council's Opinions on Implementing the Healthy China Action clarified this goal and proposed that by 2022 and 2030, the overall 5-year cancer survival rate should not be lower than 43.3% and 46.6%, respectively. In general, however, problems persist in China, such as uneven diagnosis and treatment levels, inadequate implementation of guidelines, and insufficient sharing of diagnosis and treatment information in the process of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Continuously improving the quality of cancer diagnosis and treatment and standardizing tumor diagnosis and treatment behavior are crucial to improving the cancer survival rate in China.
From the perspective of tumor diagnosis and treatment management, quality control is an important means to achieve the 5-year survival rate goal. Medical quality control refers to the process of establishing procedures and methods to examine and standardize the reliability and quality of all factors involved in medical work. Medical quality control is important for the guarantee of medical treatment. In recent years, the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) has insisted on carrying out single-disease treatment quality control in all medical institutions. The NHC issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Quality Management and Control of Single Diseases in 2020 and the 2021 National Medical Quality and Safety Improvement Targets in February 2021, both of which included quality control indexes for standardized diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.
Breast cancer is currently the most common malignant tumor in the world. In 2020, there were 2.26 million new cases of breast cancer worldwide accounting for approximately 11.7% of new cancer cases [1
{"title":"The road toward breast cancer single-disease quality control in China","authors":"Bo Lan, Qiao Li, Fei Ma, Binghe Xu","doi":"10.1002/cai2.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.93","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Malignant tumors have become a major threat to human health worldwide. According to incomplete statistics from the World Health Organization, in 112 of 183 countries, malignant tumors are the primary cause of death among people under the age of 70, and cancer morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year [<span>1</span>]. Owing to the limits of current medical technology, it is impossible to completely overcome this persistent disease.</p><p>In China, with the development of the social economy and the advancement of medicine, the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors has improved year by year, along with the cure rate of early cancer patients, and the survival period of advanced cancer patients. Statistics from the National Cancer Center of China (NCC) show that the 5-year survival rate of malignant tumors in China has increased from 30.9% in 2003–2005 to 40.5% in 2012–2015 [<span>2</span>]. China clearly stated in the 2016 <i>Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan</i> that the health management of chronic diseases for the entire population and the whole life cycle will be realized by 2030, and the overall 5-year survival rate of cancer will increase by 15%. The 2019 <i>State Council's Opinions on Implementing the Healthy China Action</i> clarified this goal and proposed that by 2022 and 2030, the overall 5-year cancer survival rate should not be lower than 43.3% and 46.6%, respectively. In general, however, problems persist in China, such as uneven diagnosis and treatment levels, inadequate implementation of guidelines, and insufficient sharing of diagnosis and treatment information in the process of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Continuously improving the quality of cancer diagnosis and treatment and standardizing tumor diagnosis and treatment behavior are crucial to improving the cancer survival rate in China.</p><p>From the perspective of tumor diagnosis and treatment management, quality control is an important means to achieve the 5-year survival rate goal. Medical quality control refers to the process of establishing procedures and methods to examine and standardize the reliability and quality of all factors involved in medical work. Medical quality control is important for the guarantee of medical treatment. In recent years, the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) has insisted on carrying out single-disease treatment quality control in all medical institutions. The NHC issued the <i>Notice on Further Strengthening the Quality Management and Control of Single Diseases</i> in 2020 and the <i>2021 National Medical Quality and Safety Improvement Targets</i> in February 2021, both of which included quality control indexes for standardized diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.</p><p>Breast cancer is currently the most common malignant tumor in the world. In 2020, there were 2.26 million new cases of breast cancer worldwide accounting for approximately 11.7% of new cancer cases [<span>1</span","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"2 5","pages":"319-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71921168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinfang Lv, Xue Wu, Kai Liu, Xinke Zhao, Chenliang Pan, Jing Zhao, Juan Chang, Huan Guo, Xiang Gao, Xiaodong Zhi, Chunzhen Ren, Qilin Chen, Hugang Jiang, Chunling Wang, Ying-Dong Li
Background
Patients frequently die from cardiac causes after radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Early detection of cardiac death risk in these patients is crucial to improve clinical decision-making and prognosis. Thus, we modeled the risk of cardiac death after irradiation for esophageal cancer.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of 37,599 esophageal cancer cases treated with radiotherapy in the SEER database between 2000 and 2018 was performed. The selected cases were randomly assigned to the model development group (n = 26,320) and model validation group (n = 11,279) at a ratio of 7:3. We identified the risk factors most commonly associated with cardiac death by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis (LASSO). The endpoints for model development and validation were 5- and 10-year survival rates. The net clinical benefit of the models was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA) and concordance index (C-index). The performance of the models was further assessed by creating a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis was performed on the probability of death. Patients were classified according to death probability thresholds. Five- and ten-year survival rates for the two groups were shown using K-M curves.
Results
The major risk factors for cardiac death were age, surgery, year of diagnosis, sequence of surgery and radiotherapy, chemotherapy and a number of tumors, which were used to create the nomogram. The C-indexes of the nomograms were 0.708 and 0.679 for the development and validation groups, respectively. DCA showed the good net clinical benefit of nomograms in predicting 5- and 10-year risk of cardiac death. The model exhibited moderate predictive power for 5- and 10-year cardiac mortality (AUC: 0.833 and 0.854, respectively), and for the development and validation cohorts (AUC: 0.76 and 0.813, respectively).
Conclusions
Our nomogram may assist clinicians in making clinical decisions about patients undergoing radiotherapy for esophageal cancer based on early detection of cardiac death risk.
{"title":"Development and validation of a nomogram to predict cardiac death after radiotherapy for esophageal cancer","authors":"Xinfang Lv, Xue Wu, Kai Liu, Xinke Zhao, Chenliang Pan, Jing Zhao, Juan Chang, Huan Guo, Xiang Gao, Xiaodong Zhi, Chunzhen Ren, Qilin Chen, Hugang Jiang, Chunling Wang, Ying-Dong Li","doi":"10.1002/cai2.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.89","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients frequently die from cardiac causes after radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Early detection of cardiac death risk in these patients is crucial to improve clinical decision-making and prognosis. Thus, we modeled the risk of cardiac death after irradiation for esophageal cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective analysis of 37,599 esophageal cancer cases treated with radiotherapy in the SEER database between 2000 and 2018 was performed. The selected cases were randomly assigned to the model development group (<i>n</i> = 26,320) and model validation group (<i>n</i> = 11,279) at a ratio of 7:3. We identified the risk factors most commonly associated with cardiac death by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis (LASSO). The endpoints for model development and validation were 5- and 10-year survival rates. The net clinical benefit of the models was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA) and concordance index (C-index). The performance of the models was further assessed by creating a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis was performed on the probability of death. Patients were classified according to death probability thresholds. Five- and ten-year survival rates for the two groups were shown using K-M curves.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The major risk factors for cardiac death were age, surgery, year of diagnosis, sequence of surgery and radiotherapy, chemotherapy and a number of tumors, which were used to create the nomogram. The C-indexes of the nomograms were 0.708 and 0.679 for the development and validation groups, respectively. DCA showed the good net clinical benefit of nomograms in predicting 5- and 10-year risk of cardiac death. The model exhibited moderate predictive power for 5- and 10-year cardiac mortality (AUC: 0.833 and 0.854, respectively), and for the development and validation cohorts (AUC: 0.76 and 0.813, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our nomogram may assist clinicians in making clinical decisions about patients undergoing radiotherapy for esophageal cancer based on early detection of cardiac death risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"2 5","pages":"391-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71921167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Zhao, Miao Li, Qing Sun, Tian Zhi, Mei Jin, Wen Zhao, Xisi Wang, Chao Duan, Xiaoli Ma, Wanshui Wu, Weihong Zhao, Dongsheng Huang, Yan Su
Background
The aim of this study was to review clinical features of adolescent malignant germ cell tumors (MGCTs) in Beijing and analyze the peculiar characteristics of this age group.
Methods
Clinical characteristics, pathological presentations, and survival outcomes of 34 patients were analyzed retrospectively.
Results
Of 34 patients, 12 girls and 22 boys, 18 (52.9%) had an extra-cranial tumor, including one testicular tumor, five ovarian tumors, one sacrococcygeal tumor, and 11 mediastinal tumors. Histologically, we found immature teratomas (n = 6), yolk sac tumors (n = 5), mixed malignant tumors (n = 5), an embryonic carcinoma (n = 1), and seminoma (n = 1). Three-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 48.8% and 62.9%, respectively. Another 16 (47.1%) patients had an intracranial tumor, including nine in the pineal region, five in the suprasellar region, one in basal ganglia, and one in cerebellopontine. All patients had localized disease and an excellent outcome with 3-year EFS and OS of 93.7% and 100%, respectively.
Conclusions
Adolescent MGCTs are rare with a strong dependence on gender, and the mediastina and pineal region are the most common tumor locations. The prognosis is promising compared with that of other adolescent tumors and MGCTs in other age groups. MGCTs in mediastina have a tendency to companion with other hematological malignancies, and the prognosis is extremely poor in these patients.
{"title":"Clinical characteristics of malignant germ cell tumors in adolescents: A multicenter 10-year retrospective study in Beijing","authors":"Qian Zhao, Miao Li, Qing Sun, Tian Zhi, Mei Jin, Wen Zhao, Xisi Wang, Chao Duan, Xiaoli Ma, Wanshui Wu, Weihong Zhao, Dongsheng Huang, Yan Su","doi":"10.1002/cai2.87","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cai2.87","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to review clinical features of adolescent malignant germ cell tumors (MGCTs) in Beijing and analyze the peculiar characteristics of this age group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical characteristics, pathological presentations, and survival outcomes of 34 patients were analyzed retrospectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 34 patients, 12 girls and 22 boys, 18 (52.9%) had an extra-cranial tumor, including one testicular tumor, five ovarian tumors, one sacrococcygeal tumor, and 11 mediastinal tumors. Histologically, we found immature teratomas (<i>n</i> = 6), yolk sac tumors (<i>n</i> = 5), mixed malignant tumors (<i>n</i> = 5), an embryonic carcinoma (<i>n</i> = 1), and seminoma (<i>n</i> = 1). Three-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 48.8% and 62.9%, respectively. Another 16 (47.1%) patients had an intracranial tumor, including nine in the pineal region, five in the suprasellar region, one in basal ganglia, and one in cerebellopontine. All patients had localized disease and an excellent outcome with 3-year EFS and OS of 93.7% and 100%, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescent MGCTs are rare with a strong dependence on gender, and the mediastina and pineal region are the most common tumor locations. The prognosis is promising compared with that of other adolescent tumors and MGCTs in other age groups. MGCTs in mediastina have a tendency to companion with other hematological malignancies, and the prognosis is extremely poor in these patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"2 6","pages":"524-531"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cai2.87","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82444886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the deepening of the genome project study, attention on noncoding RNAs is increasing. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become a new research hotspot. A growing number of studies have revealed that lncRNAs are involved in tumorigenesis and tumor suppressor pathways. Aberrant expressions of lncRNAs have been found in a variety of human tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we provide a brief introduction to lncRNA and highlight recent research on the functions and clinical significance of lncRNAs in HCC.
{"title":"The expression and function of long noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Jingli Du, Yue Su, Jianzhi Gao, Yanhong Tai","doi":"10.1002/cai2.90","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cai2.90","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the deepening of the genome project study, attention on noncoding RNAs is increasing. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become a new research hotspot. A growing number of studies have revealed that lncRNAs are involved in tumorigenesis and tumor suppressor pathways. Aberrant expressions of lncRNAs have been found in a variety of human tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we provide a brief introduction to lncRNA and highlight recent research on the functions and clinical significance of lncRNAs in HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"2 6","pages":"488-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cai2.90","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73087975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Video recording of cells offers a straightforward way to gain valuable information from their response to treatments. An indispensable step in obtaining such information involves tracking individual cells from the recorded data. A subsequent step is reducing such data to represent essential biological information. This can help to compare various single-cell tracking data yielding a novel source of information. The vast array of potential data sources highlights the significance of methodologies prioritizing simplicity, robustness, transparency, affordability, sensor independence, and freedom from reliance on specific software or online services.
Methods
The provided data presents single-cell tracking of clonal (A549) cells as they grow in two-dimensional (2D) monolayers over 94 hours, spanning several cell cycles. The cells are exposed to three different concentrations of yessotoxin (YTX). The data treatments showcase the parametrization of population growth curves, as well as other statistical descriptions. These include the temporal development of cell speed in family trees with and without cell death, correlations between sister cells, single-cell average displacements, and the study of clustering tendencies.
Results
Various statistics obtained from single-cell tracking reveal patterns suitable for data compression and parametrization. These statistics encompass essential aspects such as cell division, movements, and mutual information between sister cells.
Conclusion
This work presents practical examples that highlight the abundant potential information within large sets of single-cell tracking data. Data reduction is crucial in the process of acquiring such information which can be relevant for phenotypic drug discovery and therapeutics, extending beyond standardized procedures. Conducting meaningful big data analysis typically necessitates a substantial amount of data, which can stem from standalone case studies as an initial foundation.
{"title":"Initial refinement of data from video-based single-cell tracking","authors":"Mónica Suárez Korsnes, Reinert Korsnes","doi":"10.1002/cai2.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.88","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Video recording of cells offers a straightforward way to gain valuable information from their response to treatments. An indispensable step in obtaining such information involves tracking individual cells from the recorded data. A subsequent step is reducing such data to represent essential biological information. This can help to compare various single-cell tracking data yielding a novel source of information. The vast array of potential data sources highlights the significance of methodologies prioritizing simplicity, robustness, transparency, affordability, sensor independence, and freedom from reliance on specific software or online services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The provided data presents single-cell tracking of clonal (A549) cells as they grow in two-dimensional (2D) monolayers over 94 hours, spanning several cell cycles. The cells are exposed to three different concentrations of yessotoxin (YTX). The data treatments showcase the parametrization of population growth curves, as well as other statistical descriptions. These include the temporal development of cell speed in family trees with and without cell death, correlations between sister cells, single-cell average displacements, and the study of clustering tendencies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Various statistics obtained from single-cell tracking reveal patterns suitable for data compression and parametrization. These statistics encompass essential aspects such as cell division, movements, and mutual information between sister cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work presents practical examples that highlight the abundant potential information within large sets of single-cell tracking data. Data reduction is crucial in the process of acquiring such information which can be relevant for phenotypic drug discovery and therapeutics, extending beyond standardized procedures. Conducting meaningful big data analysis typically necessitates a substantial amount of data, which can stem from standalone case studies as an initial foundation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"2 5","pages":"416-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71947646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effective treatment of cancer requires understanding the nature of the disease and accurately addressing the main root causes. General risk factors for cancer include poor nutrition, an acidogenic diet, an unhealthy lifestyle, and exposure to carcinogens such as toxins, chemicals, and radiation. The risk of developing cancers may be reduced by sufficient oxygenation and maintaining optimal alkalinity and nutritional balance at the cell level. The review paper summarizes some diet and lifestyle modifications that may potentially be considered for preventing and controlling some cancers. Moreover, worldwide statistical data for cancer incidence rates published by International Agency for Research on Cancer are analyzed for certain cancers regionally, concerning the effect of dietary habits and environmental factors that meaningfully correlate with the global trends of cancer. The study of cancer root causes integrated with analyzing the statistics related to cancer incidence rates suggests that the risk of developing cancer may be reduced by modifying dietary habits and lifestyle factors, as well as reducing exposure to carcinogens. Those with healthy balanced dietary habits may have a lower cancer risk than those who frequently have unhealthy diets; hence, considering a balanced natural diet and healthy lifestyle may be suggested as a complementary or alternative solution in cancer treatments.
{"title":"Global trends of cancer: The role of diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors","authors":"Hassan Bahrami, Majid Tafrihi","doi":"10.1002/cai2.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.76","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective treatment of cancer requires understanding the nature of the disease and accurately addressing the main root causes. General risk factors for cancer include poor nutrition, an acidogenic diet, an unhealthy lifestyle, and exposure to carcinogens such as toxins, chemicals, and radiation. The risk of developing cancers may be reduced by sufficient oxygenation and maintaining optimal alkalinity and nutritional balance at the cell level. The review paper summarizes some diet and lifestyle modifications that may potentially be considered for preventing and controlling some cancers. Moreover, worldwide statistical data for cancer incidence rates published by International Agency for Research on Cancer are analyzed for certain cancers regionally, concerning the effect of dietary habits and environmental factors that meaningfully correlate with the global trends of cancer. The study of cancer root causes integrated with analyzing the statistics related to cancer incidence rates suggests that the risk of developing cancer may be reduced by modifying dietary habits and lifestyle factors, as well as reducing exposure to carcinogens. Those with healthy balanced dietary habits may have a lower cancer risk than those who frequently have unhealthy diets; hence, considering a balanced natural diet and healthy lifestyle may be suggested as a complementary or alternative solution in cancer treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"2 4","pages":"290-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cai2.76","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50143515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report two children with hepatoblastoma (HB) with a history of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Case 1 was diagnosed with HB at 5 months of age. Liver enlargement was found during the NEC operation at 3 months of age and then was clinically diagnosed by imaging. After six chemotherapy courses, a partial hepatectomy was performed. Three months after ceasing the chemotherapy, a chest computed tomography scan suggested that distant metastasis of the tumor should be considered, and the lesion was removed. However, 9 months after the operation, alpha-fetoprotein concentrations were increased, and abdominal imaging showed a recurrence of the tumor in situ, resulting in a hepatectomy. Case 2 was diagnosed with NEC shortly after birth and underwent an intestinal resection and anastomosis 1 month later. He was diagnosed with HB at 3 years of age. Hepatectomy was performed after five courses of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was stopped after 10 courses, and alpha-fetoprotein concentrations were normal. At present, both children have survived and are in a healthy condition. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of HB and a history of NEC in children. Premature birth and low birth weight are common factors leading to the pathogenesis of HB and NEC. The association between these two diseases requires further study.
我们报告了两名患有肝母细胞瘤（HB）并有新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）病史的患儿。病例 1 在 5 个月大时被诊断为肝母细胞瘤。3 个月大时在 NEC 手术中发现肝脏肿大，随后通过影像学检查临床确诊。经过六个疗程的化疗后，进行了部分肝切除术。停止化疗三个月后，胸部计算机断层扫描提示应考虑肿瘤远处转移，于是切除了病灶。然而，手术 9 个月后，甲胎蛋白浓度升高，腹部造影显示肿瘤原位复发，因此进行了肝切除术。病例 2 出生后不久被诊断为 NEC，1 个月后接受了肠切除和吻合术。他在 3 岁时被诊断出患有 HB。化疗五个疗程后进行了肝切除术。化疗 10 个疗程后停止，甲胎蛋白浓度正常。目前，两个孩子都存活了下来，身体健康。医生应注意儿童患 HB 和 NEC 病史的可能性。早产和低出生体重是导致 HB 和 NEC 发病的常见因素。这两种疾病之间的关联需要进一步研究。
{"title":"Hepatoblastoma with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: Two case reports","authors":"Sidou He, Xisi Wang, Chao Duan, Wen Zhao, Chiyi Jiang, Shihan Zhang, Binglin Jian, Wei Yang, Tong Yu, Libing Fu, Huanmin Wang, Xiaoli Ma","doi":"10.1002/cai2.86","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cai2.86","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report two children with hepatoblastoma (HB) with a history of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Case 1 was diagnosed with HB at 5 months of age. Liver enlargement was found during the NEC operation at 3 months of age and then was clinically diagnosed by imaging. After six chemotherapy courses, a partial hepatectomy was performed. Three months after ceasing the chemotherapy, a chest computed tomography scan suggested that distant metastasis of the tumor should be considered, and the lesion was removed. However, 9 months after the operation, alpha-fetoprotein concentrations were increased, and abdominal imaging showed a recurrence of the tumor in situ, resulting in a hepatectomy. Case 2 was diagnosed with NEC shortly after birth and underwent an intestinal resection and anastomosis 1 month later. He was diagnosed with HB at 3 years of age. Hepatectomy was performed after five courses of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was stopped after 10 courses, and alpha-fetoprotein concentrations were normal. At present, both children have survived and are in a healthy condition. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of HB and a history of NEC in children. Premature birth and low birth weight are common factors leading to the pathogenesis of HB and NEC. The association between these two diseases requires further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"2 6","pages":"532-536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cai2.86","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81379538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuantong Gong, Xuefeng Liu, Xiaozheng Xie, Yong Wang
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Effective means of predicting the prognosis of breast cancer are very helpful in guiding treatment and improving patients' survival. Features extracted by radiomics reflect the genetic and molecular characteristics of a tumor and are related to its biological behavior and the patient's prognosis. Thus, radiomics provides a new approach to noninvasive assessment of breast cancer prognosis. Ultrasound is one of the commonest clinical means of examining breast cancer. In recent years, some results of research into ultrasound radiomics for diagnosing breast cancer, predicting lymph node status, treatment response, recurrence and survival times, and other aspects, have been published. In this article, we review the current research status and technical challenges of ultrasound radiomics for predicting breast cancer prognosis. We aim to provide a reference for radiomics researchers, promote the development of ultrasound radiomics, and advance its clinical application.
{"title":"Progress in research on ultrasound radiomics for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer","authors":"Xuantong Gong, Xuefeng Liu, Xiaozheng Xie, Yong Wang","doi":"10.1002/cai2.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.85","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Effective means of predicting the prognosis of breast cancer are very helpful in guiding treatment and improving patients' survival. Features extracted by radiomics reflect the genetic and molecular characteristics of a tumor and are related to its biological behavior and the patient's prognosis. Thus, radiomics provides a new approach to noninvasive assessment of breast cancer prognosis. Ultrasound is one of the commonest clinical means of examining breast cancer. In recent years, some results of research into ultrasound radiomics for diagnosing breast cancer, predicting lymph node status, treatment response, recurrence and survival times, and other aspects, have been published. In this article, we review the current research status and technical challenges of ultrasound radiomics for predicting breast cancer prognosis. We aim to provide a reference for radiomics researchers, promote the development of ultrasound radiomics, and advance its clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"2 4","pages":"283-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cai2.85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50149437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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