Chemistry of Inorganic Materials最新文献

The sol-gel process was utilized to fabricate SnO₂ nanoparticles, both in their pure form and with the addition of Ni dopants. The nanoparticles obtained were further examined to ascertain the characteristics associated with their structure, alterations in band gap, and photocatalytic performance. The insertion of nickel ions into tin sites hinders the formation of grain growth in tin oxide. The variation in the valence states and ionic radius of Sn⁴⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions, as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study, accounts for this disparity. FTIR measurements indicate the existence of stretching vibrations of metal-oxygen bonds that include Ni ions in the doped samples. The photoluminescence (PL) analysis reveals that the introduction of nickel doping alters the band structure of SnO₂, leading to the creation of additional defect states, such as oxygen vacancies inside the crystal lattice. A study was undertaken to investigate the photocatalytic (PC) activity of SnO₂ in the presence of Ni dopants. The results revealed a noticeable improvement in the efficiency of photodegradation. The degradation of Congo red (CR) dye using Ni–SnO₂ nanocrystals achieves an efficiency of 94.88 % within a duration of 180 ​min. An analysis has been conducted on the impact of dye content, photocatalyst dosage, and pH on the degradation efficiency. As per the study, lower dose of Ni–SnO₂ has shown better degradation efficiency in comparison to other studies. The improved performance of Ni–SnO₂ can be ascribed to two main factors: the inhibition of carrier recombination due to the inclusion of defective states, and the production of hydroxyl radicals (OH•). The stability and reusability of these photocatalysts have been noted in their efficient application for environmental remediation.

The complexes [Cd(2-ampy)₃(NCS)(μ-SCN)]₂ (1) and [Cd(4-ampy)₂(μ_1,5-dca)₂]_n (2) were synthesized and characterized using single crystal XRD. Complex 1 has a dimer structure with a triclinic crystal system and space group P $\overline{1}$, whereas complex 2 has a polymer structure with a monoclinic crystal system and space group P2₁/c. Hirshfeld surface analysis of complex 1 showed the presence of S⋯N–H and N–H–S interactions between dimer molecules and intramolecular hydrogen bonds N–H⋯N. In complex 2, the analysis showed the polymer coordination chain bonds between Cd(II) ions with N atoms from dicyanamide and intermolecular hydrogen bonds of N–H⋯N. In vitro antibacterial testing for both complexes against Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococus aureus (gram-positive) showed a higher inhibition zone diameter than the constituent reactants, where complex 2 had the a higher antibacterial activity.

In this work, a new platinum(II) complex was prepared by the reaction of K₂PtCl₄ with 1,4-benzodioxan-6-amine (bda) at room temperature in the molar ratio 2:1 (L:M). The complex was characterized by physicochemical (elemental analysis, TGA/DTA, and conductivity measurements) and spectroscopic methods (UV–Vis, FTIR, ¹H, ¹³C and ¹⁹⁵Pt NMR). According to the spectroscopic data, two bda ligands coordinate to the platinum ion in a monodentate manner through the nitrogen atom to give the complex cis-[PtCl₂(bda)₂]. Stability studies were carried out under different conditions and showed that the complex is stable in pure DMF, although it undergoes slow solvolysis in DMSO. The interaction of this complex with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was studied using circular dichroism (CD), electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The complex binds to CT-DNA with a K_b value of 1.06 ​× ​10³ ​M⁻¹ and according to data from CD and fluorescence spectroscopy, appears to interact with DNA by electrostatic forces and or other no intercalative binding mode. Compared to cisplatin, the complex exhibited good cytotoxic activity and selectivity against the MCF-7 tumor cell line, displaying an IC₅₀ value of 17.33 ​± ​1.1 ​μM, as well as inhibited MCF-7 ​cells migration.

Skeletal materials belonging to the defect pyrochlore family have been the subject of considerable interest due to their remarkable properties. In this work, a highly efficient, stable and visible light active composite photocatalytic system consisting of defect pyrochlore of composition KMn_0·33Te_1·67O₆ (KMnTeO) and g-C₃N₄ (g-CN) has been successfully prepared by simple physical mixing of pre-prepared KMnTeO and g-CN components synthesized in solid state and thermal treatment of low-cost melamine, respectively. Structural, morphological and optical properties of as-prepared catalysts were deduced from powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Raman, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy-High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM-HRTEM), Ultraviolet–Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The lattice parameter “a” of parent KMnTeO was obtained from Rietveld refinement of its powder XRD pattern. The FT-IR and Raman spectra of KMnTeO gave characteristic bands belonging to the defect pyrochlore structure. The photocatalytic activities of KMnTeO and composite KMnTeO-g-CN were evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB). Scavenger experiments were carried out to identify the reactive species responsible for the degradation of MB. Furthermore, the reusability and stability of the photocatalysts were explored. The probable photocatalytic mechanism for MB degradation over the composite KMnTeO-g-CN was surmised according to the scavenger experiments. The work provides a new approach for the development of novel defect pyrochlore based composite photocatalysts to treat industrial wastewater containing organic pollutants.

High dielectric constant materials are of technological importance as they lead to the miniaturization of electronic devices. The permittivity of a material determines the relative speed that an electrical signal can travel in that material. The dielectric properties of pure ZnO are developed due to the defects of zinc excess at the interstitial position and the lack of oxidation. Fe and Li co-doping in ZnO are envisaged here to develop high dielectric materials by converting the material into a p-type semiconductor without creating stoichiometric oxygen defects in the lattice and making it robust against the oxidizing atmosphere. The formation of single-phase Fe and Fe/Li co-doped wurtzite ZnO samples is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The Fe and Fe/Li doping depresses the concentration of the intrinsic donor and impedes the conduction mechanism resulting in the highest dielectric constant (ɛ_r′) equivalent to 612 and 90,000 are found for bulk pristine Zn_0.9Fe_0.1O and Zn_0.8Li_0.1Fe_0.1O at 400^oC with 1000 ​Hz applied frequency. Also with an increase in frequency, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss are found to decrease. This behavior is attributed to different hopping mechanisms and defects formed during synthesis.

Additions of copper iodide (CuI), rubidium iodide, or cesium iodide to perovskite precursor solutions accelerated the formation of the photoactive α-phase of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI₃) perovskite crystals. In particular, the addition of CuI suppresses the formation of low-dimensional perovskite phases, thereby reducing carrier transport. The first-principles calculations revealed that substituting Cu at the formamidinium site could maintain the effective mass ratios of the α-phase. The CuI addition to FAPbI₃ is expected to enhance its photovoltaic properties. Moreover, introducing CuI into perovskite precursor solutions is suggested as a new approach to accelerate the formation of the photoactive α-FAPbI₃ phase.

We report the optimization of the photocatalytic parameters (pH and corona-poling) for Rhodamine B (RhB) dye degradation over Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ (BNT) nanoparticles under UV–vis light. The BNT nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel method and the XRD analysis confirmed the monoclinic phase structure with Cc space group. No structural distortions were induced by corona-poling, which was confirmed by Raman Spectroscopy. The average size of the nanoparticles was 152 ​nm with irregular morphology as observed by SEM. The optical bandgap of the sample was 3.23 ​eV, as derived from the absorbance spectra of the sample. The optimized conditions achieved for photocatalytic degradation were at a catalyst dosage of 50 ​mg BNT/50 ​mL of 10 ​ppm RhB dye solution and pH value 2. The degradation efficiency of the poled BNT sample for RhB dye at pH value 2 was found to be 96.19 % in just 60 ​min. Complete decolorization was attained after 90 ​min of irradiation. In this process, degradation followed the pseudo-first order kinetics, with a kinetic rate constant of approximately 0.08804 min⁻¹, which is around 27 times higher than the rate constant of BNT nanoparticles with dye. A detailed mechanism for the degradation of dye molecules based on pH and poling effect has also been proposed. Based on these results, BNT photocatalyst can be a promising candidate for the treatment of organic dyes.

In recent years, there has been notable progress in the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), marked by significant advancements in efficiency, stability, and scalability. Among different device architectures and technical routes, mesoporous perovskite solar cells (MPSCs) based on TiO₂/ZrO₂/carbon scaffold and screen-printing fabrication process have shown unique advantages for mass production and commercialization due to the low material cost and scalable fabrication process. Through efforts on material optimization, interface engineering, and device design, the power conversion efficiency of MPSCs has steadily increased from the initial 6.64 ​% in 2013 to current 22.22 ​%. Attributing to the screen-printing-based fabrication process, printable mesoscopic PSCs have enabled large-area devices, from mini-modules to modules, and solar panels. In this review, we discuss the development and latest advances of MPSCs, and provide outlooks for further improving the performance of this promising photovoltaic technology.

Engineers regularly attribute the complexity of constructing parts on or by soils, those do not have sufficient strength to sustain the loads required leading them either all over construction or in the study life of the structure. The more areas of India shows of CH (Inorganic Clay of High Plasticity) clay soil characterized by more small portion, lower shear strength and lesser bearing capability. The unfortunate engineering performances of these soils has enforced Engineers to instrument charge competent and eco-friendly processes for increasing the engineering properties of these soils. As the conservative soil stabilizers like gravel, sand, etc. Are declining and suitable expensive day by day at an extremely quick rate, it becomes necessary to emerge for possible ecological stabilizers as their substitute. In current scenario the various Bio-enzymes have emerged as lesser cost stabilizers for soil stabilization. Bio-enzyme is a common, harmless, non-flammable, noncorrosive liquid enzyme formulation fermented from vegetable forms that creates the engineering behavior of soil, generates more soil compaction densities and more stability. One such Bio-enzyme, Terrazyme, has been applied in the current occupation to study its consequence on Atterberg Limits, Unconfined Compressive strength, and shear strength parameters of a CH soil. It has been confirmed that Terrazyme purifications of CH soil outcome in main development in Unconfined Compressive strength and Shear Strength parameters separately from Index characteristics. The entire characteristics are reliant on remedial time also. There is a specific best concentration for each characteristic in concern and it ranges from 0.2 ​ml/kg and 0.4 ​ml/kg of soil. Although, the more plastic clay soil is get to be addition responsive to Terrazyme purifications.

A durable and cost-effective perovskite (PSK) solar cell was assembled, featuring a configuration of FTO/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂-CsFAPbI₃ ​+ ​fluoroalkyl phosphate (FAP)-ionic liquid (IL)/p-type carbon. This marks the first utilization of the FAP-IL chemical additive, specifically 1-hexyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate, in the preparation of the PSK layer. This novel addition not only enhances the hydrophobic characteristics of the PSK layer, safeguarding it against moisture-induced deterioration and preserving its α-phase, but also ensures defect passivation via hydrogen bonds formed between N and F atoms in the IL with the organic cation of the PSK, thus preventing the migration of organic cations to grain boundaries. Furthermore, the lone pairs on neutral nitrogens are easily donated to under-coordinated Pb²⁺ cations, resulting in the stabilization of the PSK crystal structure. This configuration is further augmented by the attributes of carbon paste such as a high electrical conductivity (∼0.75 ​S ​cm⁻¹) and substantial hole density exceeding 10¹⁶/cm³, resulting in impressive performance metrics, with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ∼7.5% and prolonged stability in air. The electrical current and photovoltage generated by the PSK ​+ ​FAP-IL solar cell under illumination switch a low cost, easily processable and robust electrochromic device (ECD) based on poly (indole-6-carboxylic acid) (PICA) and poly (3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (PProDOT) layers from a yellow-green hue to a deep blue state. While the standalone PProDOT//PICA ECD delivers a transmission modulation (ΔT) of 48.8% over visible region, a coloration efficiency of 356 ​cm² ​C⁻¹ and sustains 2300+ cycles with no loss in optical contrast, but when harnessed to a PSK ​+ ​FAP-IL solar cell and exposed to 1 sun irradiance achieves a ΔT of 36.6% and a photo-coloration efficiency (η) of 14.9 ​cm² ​min⁻¹ W⁻¹, without the application of any external bias or current. This cost-effective integrated system, comprising a PSK ​+ ​FAP-IL solar cell and an ECD, not only effectively harvests solar energy but also serves as an intelligent window.