Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100072
Michelle Andrina , José Ignacio Nazif-Muñoz , Rebecca Smith , Alice Shirley , Tata Sudrajat , Andri Yoga Utami , Mónica Ruiz-Casares
Background
In low- and middle-income countries, orphanages are often perceived as a means to secure education for children. Consequently, many parents send their children to orphanages, unaware of the potential risks involved.
Objective
This study aims to explore caregivers' attitudes toward child institutionalization in the context of placing children in orphanages.
Participants
Data were collected from 736 caregivers of children aged 0–7 years in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia, in 2017.
Methods
Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were used to assess caregivers’ attitudes and the likelihood of agreeing or disagreeing with six statements about child institutionalization.
Results
The study found that most caregivers agreed that poor children are better off being raised in orphanages, but parents remain responsible for the child even after placement. Logistic regression showed that caregivers with higher levels of formal education were less likely to agree with placing children in orphanages compared to caregivers with lower levels of formal education.
Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of higher formal education in reducing caregiver support for institutionalization.
{"title":"Parental education and attitudes towards institutionalization of children in West Java, Indonesia","authors":"Michelle Andrina , José Ignacio Nazif-Muñoz , Rebecca Smith , Alice Shirley , Tata Sudrajat , Andri Yoga Utami , Mónica Ruiz-Casares","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In low- and middle-income countries, orphanages are often perceived as a means to secure education for children. Consequently, many parents send their children to orphanages, unaware of the potential risks involved.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to explore caregivers' attitudes toward child institutionalization in the context of placing children in orphanages.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Data were collected from 736 caregivers of children aged 0–7 years in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia, in 2017.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were used to assess caregivers’ attitudes and the likelihood of agreeing or disagreeing with six statements about child institutionalization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that most caregivers agreed that poor children are better off being raised in orphanages, but parents remain responsible for the child even after placement. Logistic regression showed that caregivers with higher levels of formal education were less likely to agree with placing children in orphanages compared to caregivers with lower levels of formal education.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the importance of higher formal education in reducing caregiver support for institutionalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100071
Kathleen A. Kemp , Crosby A. Modrowski , Kaitlin Sheerin , Miyah Grant , Charlene Collibee
Background
Children involved in the child welfare system, especially those in out-of-home care, experience high rates of mental health symptoms. Mental health symptoms have been linked to worse permanency outcomes in this population.
Objective
The present study aimed to evaluate whether children who received a trauma-focused evaluation, compared to children who received usual care, experienced differential permanency outcomes, as well as other court-related outcomes (e.g., legal system involvement).
Participants and setting
One-hundred and twenty-five children (58% female, Mage = 10.61) from a family court in the Northeastern United States participated in a trauma-focused evaluation program.
Methods
Data for the current study were collected via a retrospective chart. Participants were recruited at a family court of a Northeastern state. Between-groups differences on court-related outcomes were assessed using logistic regression and Kaplan Meier estimates.
Findings
There were no significant differences between children who received the trauma-focused evaluation program versus usual care in the likelihood for guardianship changes, termination of parental rights, new child welfare petitions or new juvenile legal petitions. The groups significantly differed in the likelihood of case closure; children who received the trauma-focused evaluation program were more likely to experience case closure compared to children who received usual care. Additionally, on average, children who received the trauma-focused evaluation program achieved case closure almost 8 months sooner.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that initiatives aimed at identifying mental health concerns and linking children placed in out-of-home to relevant mental health services care can have a significant and positive impact on permanency outcomes.
{"title":"Does participation in a court-based trauma-focused evaluation program influence permanency outcomes for children involved in the child welfare system?","authors":"Kathleen A. Kemp , Crosby A. Modrowski , Kaitlin Sheerin , Miyah Grant , Charlene Collibee","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Children involved in the child welfare system, especially those in out-of-home care, experience high rates of mental health symptoms. Mental health symptoms have been linked to worse permanency outcomes in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The present study aimed to evaluate whether children who received a trauma-focused evaluation, compared to children who received usual care, experienced differential permanency outcomes, as well as other court-related outcomes (e.g., legal system involvement).</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>One-hundred and twenty-five children (58% female, <em>M</em>age = 10.61) from a family court in the Northeastern United States participated in a trauma-focused evaluation program.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data for the current study were collected via a retrospective chart. Participants were recruited at a family court of a Northeastern state. Between-groups differences on court-related outcomes were assessed using logistic regression and Kaplan Meier estimates.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>There were no significant differences between children who received the trauma-focused evaluation program versus usual care in the likelihood for guardianship changes, termination of parental rights, new child welfare petitions or new juvenile legal petitions. The groups significantly differed in the likelihood of case closure; children who received the trauma-focused evaluation program were more likely to experience case closure compared to children who received usual care. Additionally, on average, children who received the trauma-focused evaluation program achieved case closure almost 8 months sooner.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings suggest that initiatives aimed at identifying mental health concerns and linking children placed in out-of-home to relevant mental health services care can have a significant and positive impact on permanency outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100070
Kaltrina Kelmendi , Sherry Hamby
This study investigates how adults who faced childhood adversity develop resilience, using the Resilience Portfolio Model to assess the impact of early victimization on adult well-being and posttraumatic growth. A sample of 689 adults aged 18 to 60 (average age 25.2 years, SD = 9.62) was recruited online in Kosovo, a collectivist and post-conflict society. Participants completed a survey on youth victimization, psychosocial strengths, subjective well-being and posttraumatic growth. Findings from the study show that 93% experienced some form of victimization, including 40% who were exposed to parental violence. Blockwise logistic regressions indicated that poly-strengths (an indicator of the breadth of one's resilience portfolio), sense of purpose, optimism, and religious meaning making were associated with higher levels of posttraumatic growth, controlling for polyvictimization and demographics (total R2 = 0.39). Poly-strengths, sense of purpose, optimism, and psychological endurance were associated with higher subjective well-being (total R2 = 0.34). Unexpectedly, some strengths were associated with lower posttraumatic growth, including coping, anger management, and moral-based meaning making. Findings from this highly victimized sample show that several strengths seem promising in promoting resilience. Intervention and prevention programs should consider focusing on promoting a sense of purpose or broadening resilience portfolios. More research is needed in other collectivist and post-conflict societies.
{"title":"Enduring strengths: How childhood adversity shapes adult resilience in Kosovo","authors":"Kaltrina Kelmendi , Sherry Hamby","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how adults who faced childhood adversity develop resilience, using the Resilience Portfolio Model to assess the impact of early victimization on adult well-being and posttraumatic growth. A sample of 689 adults aged 18 to 60 (average age 25.2 years, SD = 9.62) was recruited online in Kosovo, a collectivist and post-conflict society. Participants completed a survey on youth victimization, psychosocial strengths, subjective well-being and posttraumatic growth. Findings from the study show that 93% experienced some form of victimization, including 40% who were exposed to parental violence. Blockwise logistic regressions indicated that poly-strengths (an indicator of the breadth of one's resilience portfolio), sense of purpose, optimism, and religious meaning making were associated with higher levels of posttraumatic growth, controlling for polyvictimization and demographics (total R<sup>2</sup> = 0.39). Poly-strengths, sense of purpose, optimism, and psychological endurance were associated with higher subjective well-being (total R<sup>2</sup> = 0.34). Unexpectedly, some strengths were associated with lower posttraumatic growth, including coping, anger management, and moral-based meaning making. Findings from this highly victimized sample show that several strengths seem promising in promoting resilience. Intervention and prevention programs should consider focusing on promoting a sense of purpose or broadening resilience portfolios. More research is needed in other collectivist and post-conflict societies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100069
Willemien M. van den Dorpel , Lenneke R.A. Alink , Anja van der Voort , Carlo Schuengel , Ashwina R. Kesarlal , Carlijn de Roos , Karine Zuidgeest , Sabine van der Asdonk
Background
In families with young children who have experienced domestic violence, both parents and children are at risk to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and there is a risk for disrupted parent-child interactions.
Objective
To identify the factors on which expert-clinicians agree that they should be considered when deciding on the order of trauma therapy for the parent, trauma therapy for the child, and attachment-based intervention.
Participants
and settings: Participants were 16 experienced clinicians, trained in attachment-based intervention for parents and their young children, trauma therapy for adults, and trauma therapy for young children.
Methods
A classic three-round Delphi approach was used. Anonymous online surveys were filled out by the participants. Consensus was defined as agreement among 70% of the participants.
Results
After the third survey round, there were eleven factors for which there was consensus. These included the preference of the parent for one of the three individual therapies, impaired parental mentalizing capacity, insensitive/disrupted parenting, a problematic attachment history between parent and child, a high level of child PTSD symptoms, a high level of parental PTSD symptoms, severe risks for the development of the child, a very young age of the child, and exposure of the child to one or more traumatic events.
Conclusions
Agreement was found on which factors to consider in planning the order of treatments for families who have experienced domestic violence. These factors can provide a starting point from where clinicians can design a treatment plan with a specific family.
{"title":"Navigating treatment trajectories for families with young children after domestic violence: A Delphi-study exploring the priorities in terms of trauma-therapy and attachment-based intervention","authors":"Willemien M. van den Dorpel , Lenneke R.A. Alink , Anja van der Voort , Carlo Schuengel , Ashwina R. Kesarlal , Carlijn de Roos , Karine Zuidgeest , Sabine van der Asdonk","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In families with young children who have experienced domestic violence, both parents and children are at risk to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and there is a risk for disrupted parent-child interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify the factors on which expert-clinicians agree that they should be considered when deciding on the order of trauma therapy for the parent, trauma therapy for the child, and attachment-based intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>and settings: Participants were 16 experienced clinicians, trained in attachment-based intervention for parents and their young children, trauma therapy for adults, and trauma therapy for young children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A classic three-round Delphi approach was used. Anonymous online surveys were filled out by the participants. Consensus was defined as agreement among 70% of the participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After the third survey round, there were eleven factors for which there was consensus. These included the preference of the parent for one of the three individual therapies, impaired parental mentalizing capacity, insensitive/disrupted parenting, a problematic attachment history between parent and child, a high level of child PTSD symptoms, a high level of parental PTSD symptoms, severe risks for the development of the child, a very young age of the child, and exposure of the child to one or more traumatic events.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Agreement was found on which factors to consider in planning the order of treatments for families who have experienced domestic violence. These factors can provide a starting point from where clinicians can design a treatment plan with a specific family.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100068
Emily Deans , Joseph Abdo , Jioji Ravulo , Elizabeth Conroy
{"title":"‘I had nothing and drugs don't leave’: A qualitative study exploring the drug use trajectories of young people in contact with the justice system","authors":"Emily Deans , Joseph Abdo , Jioji Ravulo , Elizabeth Conroy","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100067
Kathryn Sabella , Ian A. Lane , Murron O'Neill , Natalie Tincknell
Background
The relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health later in life has been well-established. However, first-person qualitative narratives describing how ACEs negatively impact mental health of young adults are rare.
Objective
Qualitative data explores how young adults with serious mental health conditions (SMHC) describe childhood adversities and relate those experiences to their mental health conditions.
Participants and setting
Young adult participants (n = 55; ages 25–30) who self-reported being diagnosed with an SMHC were recruited from one state in United States. In-person interviews were conducted to gather narratives related to mental health, education, training, and employment.
Methods
Young adults with lived experience actively participated in the research process. Iterative coding and thematic analysis were employed to assess ACEs reported and analyze how participants described those experiences as influential.
Results
Most participants identified as White, non-Hispanic women. Major depression and anxiety disorders were the most prevalent diagnoses. Over 80% reported experiencing trauma, familial mental illness, or substance use challenges. Young adults connected their ACEs to fear and anxiety, emotional processing difficulties, poor coping behaviors, delayed help-seeking, and later negative interpersonal relationships.
Conclusions
This study is the first to qualitatively describe how young adults with SMHC describe ACEs and relate those experiences to their own mental health conditions. Future research should seek similar first-hand accounts in vulnerable populations and consider the unique impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings and future research can inform policy, practice, and mental health treatment for young adults who have experienced ACEs, especially in the post-pandemic era.
{"title":"Young adults’ perceptions of adverse childhood experiences as context and causes of mental health conditions: Observations from the United States","authors":"Kathryn Sabella , Ian A. Lane , Murron O'Neill , Natalie Tincknell","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health later in life has been well-established. However, first-person qualitative narratives describing how ACEs negatively impact mental health of young adults are rare.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Qualitative data explores how young adults with serious mental health conditions (SMHC) describe childhood adversities and relate those experiences to their mental health conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Young adult participants (n = 55; ages 25–30) who self-reported being diagnosed with an SMHC were recruited from one state in United States. In-person interviews were conducted to gather narratives related to mental health, education, training, and employment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Young adults with lived experience actively participated in the research process. Iterative coding and thematic analysis were employed to assess ACEs reported and analyze how participants described those experiences as influential.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most participants identified as White, non-Hispanic women. Major depression and anxiety disorders were the most prevalent diagnoses. Over 80% reported experiencing trauma, familial mental illness, or substance use challenges. Young adults connected their ACEs to fear and anxiety, emotional processing difficulties, poor coping behaviors, delayed help-seeking, and later negative interpersonal relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study is the first to qualitatively describe how young adults with SMHC describe ACEs and relate those experiences to their own mental health conditions. Future research should seek similar first-hand accounts in vulnerable populations and consider the unique impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings and future research can inform policy, practice, and mental health treatment for young adults who have experienced ACEs, especially in the post-pandemic era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100066
Lauren Pryce McCarthy , Yanfeng Xu , Sally Hageman , Yao Wang
Background
Youth aging out of the child welfare system lack support in accessing needed mental health care, as do youth of color and LGBTQ + youth in the general population. Similar disparities may exist among youth aging out of foster care who hold intersecting social identities.
Objective
This study aimed to explore the presence of mental health care access disparities among youth aging out of foster care using an intersectional lens.
Participants
and Setting: The current study was a cross-sectional, exploratory analysis of secondary data from the Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative (JCYOI) dataset. The sample included 2650 youth aging out of care.
Methods
The current study utilized bivariate tests to explore the association between access to mental health care and key variables, a rate ratio to measure access disparities, and logistic regression to determine the main effect of identity on mental health care access.
Findings
Lower rates of mental health care access were found among youth of color compared to White youth and among LGBTQ + youth compared to non-LGBTQ + youth. Disparities increased when youth of color also identified as LGBTQ+, however identity was not a significant predictor of mental health care access when controlling for insurance coverage and other variables.
Conclusions
Disparities in access to needed mental health care found in the general population are also present among youth aging out of foster care. These findings suggest the need for targeted efforts from practitioners to ensure equitable access to mental health care for transition aged youth.
{"title":"Intersectional disparities in access to mental health services among youth aging out of foster care","authors":"Lauren Pryce McCarthy , Yanfeng Xu , Sally Hageman , Yao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Youth aging out of the child welfare system lack support in accessing needed mental health care, as do youth of color and LGBTQ + youth in the general population. Similar disparities may exist among youth aging out of foster care who hold intersecting social identities.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to explore the presence of mental health care access disparities among youth aging out of foster care using an intersectional lens.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>and Setting: The current study was a cross-sectional, exploratory analysis of secondary data from the Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative (JCYOI) dataset. The sample included 2650 youth aging out of care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The current study utilized bivariate tests to explore the association between access to mental health care and key variables, a rate ratio to measure access disparities, and logistic regression to determine the main effect of identity on mental health care access.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Lower rates of mental health care access were found among youth of color compared to White youth and among LGBTQ + youth compared to non-LGBTQ + youth. Disparities increased when youth of color also identified as LGBTQ+, however identity was not a significant predictor of mental health care access when controlling for insurance coverage and other variables.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Disparities in access to needed mental health care found in the general population are also present among youth aging out of foster care. These findings suggest the need for targeted efforts from practitioners to ensure equitable access to mental health care for transition aged youth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100065
Ana Maria Meléndez Guevara , Stephanie Cottam , Charlie Wall , Sarah Lindstrom Johnson
The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) framework has been instrumental in illustrating the profound and long-term impact of early-life stressors in the developmental trajectories of children and families and well-being of our communities. However, despite its groundbreaking contributions, the ACEs framework predominately adopts a deficit-oriented lens, focusing on risk factors while often neglecting the protective and positive experiences children and families also experience. In the United States, communities that have been historically marginalized, including racial and ethnic minorities, are disproportionately impacted by ACEs due to systemic inequities and historical injustices, leading to persistent sociodemographic health and social disparities. Recent advances to the ACEs framework argue that the traditional ACEs model inadequately addresses the broader socio-structural, political, and economic contexts that influence adversity, including living in under-resourced communities, ongoing community violence and poor access to service systems. As a result, child, and family service systems (CFSS) may fail to consider how socio-structural factors, may potentially reinforce disparities in service access, delivery, and outcomes. This paper discusses the limitations of the traditional ACEs framework and advocates for a more comprehensive approach that incorporates socio-ecological and strengths-based perspectives like the Social Determinants of Health Framework and the Protective and Compensatory Experiences (PACEs) Framework. By shifting towards this holistic perspective, researchers and practitioners alike can better understand the interplay of systemic inequalities and socio-structural conditions in shaping ACEs exposure and outcomes, and, therefore, inform more effective practices, policies and services that can address both the immediate impact and root causes of adversity.
{"title":"Expanding ACES in child and family service systems: Incorporating context and resilience","authors":"Ana Maria Meléndez Guevara , Stephanie Cottam , Charlie Wall , Sarah Lindstrom Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) framework has been instrumental in illustrating the profound and long-term impact of early-life stressors in the developmental trajectories of children and families and well-being of our communities. However, despite its groundbreaking contributions, the ACEs framework predominately adopts a deficit-oriented lens, focusing on risk factors while often neglecting the protective and positive experiences children and families also experience. In the United States, communities that have been historically marginalized, including racial and ethnic minorities, are disproportionately impacted by ACEs due to systemic inequities and historical injustices, leading to persistent sociodemographic health and social disparities. Recent advances to the ACEs framework argue that the traditional ACEs model inadequately addresses the broader socio-structural, political, and economic contexts that influence adversity, including living in under-resourced communities, ongoing community violence and poor access to service systems. As a result, child, and family service systems (CFSS) may fail to consider how socio-structural factors, may potentially reinforce disparities in service access, delivery, and outcomes. This paper discusses the limitations of the traditional ACEs framework and advocates for a more comprehensive approach that incorporates socio-ecological and strengths-based perspectives like the Social Determinants of Health Framework and the Protective and Compensatory Experiences (PACEs) Framework. By shifting towards this holistic perspective, researchers and practitioners alike can better understand the interplay of systemic inequalities and socio-structural conditions in shaping ACEs exposure and outcomes, and, therefore, inform more effective practices, policies and services that can address both the immediate impact and root causes of adversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100064
Margaret Nohilly, Mia Treacy
Context
It is well argued in literature that teachers are ideally placed to observe and monitor children for signs of abuse and neglect, there are categories of abuse which are more difficult to observe in the school context, such as sexual abuse and rely on children ‘telling’ about their experience. For numerous and complex reasons, children find it difficult to ‘tell’; however, there are enabling factors that support children in this process.
Aim
The aim of this paper is to outline primary or elementary school teachers’ opinions on the enabling and hindering factors to children talking and telling about abuse in the school environment.
Methods
A qualitative research study was undertaken in the Irish context with 21 primary school teachers. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with all participants and as part of each interview, teachers elaborated on the barriers and facilitators which enable children to disclose abuse in the school environment.
Findings
Particular barriers to children reporting in the school environment relate to how difficult it is for children to tell, the lack of meaningful collaboration between schools and the Child and Family Agency who have statutory responsibility in the Irish context for dealing with child protection reports and the lack of training available for teachers. Enablers to children telling in the school environment include the relationship of trust built between teacher and child and the implementation of a personal safety skills programme.
Implications
This research highlights that teachers can create the conditions that support children talking about abuse and they must be properly supported and adequately trained to support them in doing so.
{"title":"Teachers’ perceptions of enabling and hindering factors in child abuse disclosures","authors":"Margaret Nohilly, Mia Treacy","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>It is well argued in literature that teachers are ideally placed to observe and monitor children for signs of abuse and neglect, there are categories of abuse which are more difficult to observe in the school context, such as sexual abuse and rely on children ‘telling’ about their experience. For numerous and complex reasons, children find it difficult to ‘tell’; however, there are enabling factors that support children in this process.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The aim of this paper is to outline primary or elementary school teachers’ opinions on the enabling and hindering factors to children talking and telling about abuse in the school environment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative research study was undertaken in the Irish context with 21 primary school teachers. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with all participants and as part of each interview, teachers elaborated on the barriers and facilitators which enable children to disclose abuse in the school environment.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Particular barriers to children reporting in the school environment relate to how difficult it is for children to tell, the lack of meaningful collaboration between schools and the Child and Family Agency who have statutory responsibility in the Irish context for dealing with child protection reports and the lack of training available for teachers. Enablers to children telling in the school environment include the relationship of trust built between teacher and child and the implementation of a personal safety skills programme.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>This research highlights that teachers can create the conditions that support children talking about abuse and they must be properly supported and adequately trained to support them in doing so.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100063
AnnaMaria Boullion , Holly Brott , Taylor Oren , Maciel van Eckhardt , Melissa Holland , Stephen E. Brock , Gary A. Incaudo
Background
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) threaten the livelihood of individuals and their families. This may be particularly detrimental for mothers facing homelessness and their children's behavioral adjustment.
Objective
This study compared two models to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Rather than using the cumulative approach to conceptualize ACEs, we analyzed a model that assessed the effect of each maternal ACE individually (i.e., specificity model) and another model that categorized them into two subtypes of maltreatment and household dysfunction (i.e., dimensional model).
Participants and setting
We evaluated a sample of 164 children and their mothers in a residential vocational training program in Northern California.
Methods
ACEs for both mother and children and children's behavioral outcomes were collected via questionnaires completed by the mothers with the assistance of trained researchers. Additional demographic data was collected via trained case managers at the residential facility. Two models (i.e., specificity model; dimensional model) were utilized to better understand how to best assess adversity in settings with limited resources.
Results
Results of the specificity ACE model identified maternal childhood physical abuse and parental incarceration as predictors of internalizing problems and parental substance problems as a predictor of externalizing behaviors. The dimensional ACE model indicated that only the broad category of maltreatment predicted internalizing behavioral difficulties. The individual ACE model demonstrated a better fit for the data and highlighted specific events relevant to children's outcomes.
Conclusions
These results suggest that programs focusing on ending generational trauma may benefit from screening participants for individual ACE and tailoring services for mothers and children accordingly.
{"title":"Transgenerational impact of maternal adverse childhood experiences on children's mental health among families experiencing homelessness","authors":"AnnaMaria Boullion , Holly Brott , Taylor Oren , Maciel van Eckhardt , Melissa Holland , Stephen E. Brock , Gary A. Incaudo","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) threaten the livelihood of individuals and their families. This may be particularly detrimental for mothers facing homelessness and their children's behavioral adjustment.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study compared two models to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Rather than using the cumulative approach to conceptualize ACEs, we analyzed a model that assessed the effect of each maternal ACE individually (i.e., specificity model) and another model that categorized them into two subtypes of maltreatment and household dysfunction (i.e., dimensional model).</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>We evaluated a sample of 164 children and their mothers in a residential vocational training program in Northern California.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>ACEs for both mother and children and children's behavioral outcomes were collected via questionnaires completed by the mothers with the assistance of trained researchers. Additional demographic data was collected via trained case managers at the residential facility. Two models (i.e., specificity model; dimensional model) were utilized to better understand how to best assess adversity in settings with limited resources.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results of the specificity ACE model identified maternal childhood physical abuse and parental incarceration as predictors of internalizing problems and parental substance problems as a predictor of externalizing behaviors. The dimensional ACE model indicated that only the broad category of maltreatment predicted internalizing behavioral difficulties. The individual ACE model demonstrated a better fit for the data and highlighted specific events relevant to children's outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that programs focusing on ending generational trauma may benefit from screening participants for individual ACE and tailoring services for mothers and children accordingly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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