Child Protection and Practice最新文献

{"title":"The impact of free-standing online, asynchronous modules on student child maltreatment knowledge and skills acquisition","authors":"Pamela Schuetze ,&nbsp;Tyler Counsil ,&nbsp;Kathy R. Doody","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Training on identifying and responding to child maltreatment for students preparing for child-facing careers is often inadequate. Although the Child Advocacy Studies (CAST) curriculum developed specifically to address this need is effective, many students are in academic programs (i.e., education) that do not have room for such coursework.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We evaluated the impact of free-standing asynchronous, online modules on gains in child maltreatment knowledge and skills acquisition.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Education students at a regional public university participated in this two-phase study (Phase 1: n = 157; Phase 2: n = 89).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In Phase 1, feedback provided on two modules, 1) Identification of Child Maltreatment and 2) Mandated Reporting was used to revise the modules. In Phase 2, change in ratings of child maltreatment and mandated reporting concepts from pre-to post-module completion was assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Repeated-measures analyses of variance showed gains in knowledge in how to identify child maltreatment, the impact of child maltreatment and child advocacy (all η2s = .048-.367). Although fewer significant gains were reported for concepts related to mandated reporting, significant gains were found for increased familiarity with reporting procedures and more confidence in the effectiveness of existing procedures (all η2s = .003-.271). Finally, students were significantly more likely to suspect child maltreatment for brief vignettes that had specific indicators of abuse and marginally more likely to suspect child maltreatment that indicated possible neglect (all η2s = .042-.121).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings indicate that students perceived the use of modules for communicating essential information about detecting and responding to child maltreatment to be effective and important and that the use of asynchronous online modules can be and effective strategy for incorporating content about child maltreatment into educational programs in which students cannot take entire courses on child maltreatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and ethnic differences in fatal child abuse and neglect and the intersection of community poverty: U.S., 2003 to 2022","authors":"Rebecca F. Wilson ,&nbsp;Xin Yue ,&nbsp;Karen E. Thomas ,&nbsp;Krishna Kiran Kota ,&nbsp;Carter J. Betz","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In the U.S., child abuse and neglect (CAN) is a significant public health problem. Poverty is a well-known correlate of CAN.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Examine racial and ethnic differences in fatal CAN among U.S. children and the intersection of community poverty.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and methods</h3><div>This study integrated National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) data, county poverty data, and population estimates data. We used NVDRS data to examine fatal CAN for children aged 0–17 years for 2003–2022. Fatal CAN was defined as a homicide precipitated by abuse or neglect by a parent or caregiver. Racial and ethnic differences in fatal CAN were examined using pairwise comparisons. Community poverty quartiles for fatal CAN cases were determined using county-level poverty data and population estimate data for 2003–2022.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During 2003–2022, NVDRS captured 6182 fatal CAN cases; 57.3% were boys; 79.6% were aged 0–5 years. An argument (21.4%), child's history of abuse (20.1%), and intimate partner violence (IPV; 15.6%) were the three most common precipitators of fatal CAN. IPV as a precipitator was most common among Asian or Pacific Islander (API; 33.0%), Hispanic (16.4%), and White (19.1%) victims than Black victims (10.8%; p &lt; 0.05). More than one in ten (13.9%) fatal CAN deaths co-occurred with the perpetrator's suicide; this occurred most commonly among API victims (38.1%; p &lt; 0.05) than Black (5.8%), multiracial (13.4%), and White (13.9%) victims. A larger proportion of fatal CAN among API victims (14.2%; p &lt; 0.05) was precipitated by a crisis than did fatal CAN of Black (3.3%), multiracial (4.7%), and White (4.5%) victims.</div><div>During 2003–2022, more than one in three (35.9%) fatal CAN victims resided in communities classified as the most impoverished; 52.7% of AI/AN victims resided in these communities, followed by Black (46.7%), Hispanic (31.3%), multiracial (30.9%), White (28.7%), and API (12.4%) victims. During this same period, 47.8% of API fatal CAN victims resided in communities with the least poverty, followed by White (17.3%), Hispanic (15.3%), multiracial (16.6%), and Black (10.1%) victims.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Fatal CAN is preventable. Employing multiple strategies, at various levels (e.g., individual, familial, community), might aid in preventing nonfatal and fatal CAN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual risky behaviors in violence survivors aged 14 to 18 who sought care at a tertiary-level hospital in Mexico","authors":"Eugenia Pérez-García ,&nbsp;Ángel Eduardo Velasco-Rojano ,&nbsp;Alejandra García-Saisó ,&nbsp;Aarón Rodríguez-Caballero ,&nbsp;Jorge Luis Montes-Domínguez ,&nbsp;Yiblia Krystal Salgado-Cedano ,&nbsp;Lydia Estela Zerón Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sexual violence can lead to risky sexual behaviors that increase the likelihood of adverse outcomes. Collecting information on these behaviors is crucial to support survivors before adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the need for attention to risky sexual behaviors among adolescents at a specialized violence care clinic in Mexico City.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>173 medical records from adolescents aged 14 to 18 (average age: 15.15 years) who sought care at a tertiary-level hospital were analyzed, with 52.02% females and 47.98% males.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study reviewed records from 2018 to 2023. Three judges independently coded information on risky sexual behaviors, including unprotected sex, sexualized substance use, and relationships with older partners.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All participants reported at least one risky sexual behavior, with unprotected sex being the most common (68.78% of records). The least reported was sex with casual partners, noted in only two records.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The high prevalence (88%) of risky sexual behaviors among violence survivors highlights the necessity for targeted prevention and intervention programs, as these behaviors are associated with adverse outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out of school children and child protection: Understanding and improving the quality of data on out of school children","authors":"William C. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This practice perspective article focuses on an at-risk group often in need of further support and protection, out of school children. To evaluate whether child protection services are meeting the needs of our out of school children, reliable, accurate data is needed. However, measures of the out of school population are either missing or inconsistent. In this discussion I review some of the reasons why estimates may differ - comparing two of the most common sources of measurement, administrative data and household survey data. Sampling frames, definitional challenges, and data processing procedures are considered. I end this brief article with recommendations to improve the monitoring of out of school children through improved data collection, data alignment, and data reporting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child boxing: Concerns over repetitive head impacts on the developing brain and socio-ethical issues","authors":"Pornphan Sae-Sim,&nbsp;Virawudh Soontornniyomkij","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Training in boxing often starts early in expectation of attaining the athlete's full potential. Traditional Thai boxing (Muay Thai) has increasingly received international recognition. As part of the Muay Thai boxing industry, thousands of children from low-income families in Thailand start partaking in paid combat boxing competitions as early as four years of age, with only limited protective gear. Herein, we discuss a medical issue involving the potential harm of competitive boxing to children's brain health and a socio-ethical issue regarding the exploitation of underprivileged youths. Children are much less aware of the danger of head trauma than adults. Together with their head and neck anatomy, child boxers are at greater risk of sustaining repetitive head impacts than adult boxers. Repetitive head impacts on the developing brain may cause disturbances in brain development and, later in life, chronic traumatic encephalopathy. We propose practice-and policy-based implications in child protection. While society faces the dilemma of boxers' safety or spectators' entertainment, we call for a social norms campaign against child boxing in the gambling-related boxing industry. We advocate a ban on all combat boxing competitions for youths under 15 years of age. The rules of competitive boxing can be modified to ban blows to the head and neck. Finally, implementing safer forms of boxing into community programs can serve as an avenue to attain positive youth development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediating effect of understanding the Principle of Thought and innate mental health between maladaptive repetitive thought and psychopathology/mental health for adults exposed to adverse childhood experiences","authors":"Thomas M. Kelley ,&nbsp;James Bowers ,&nbsp;Dennis M. Savard ,&nbsp;William F. Pettit Jr. ,&nbsp;Jack B. Pransky","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A common liability among adults exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is their use of maladaptive repetitive thought (or MRT), such as worry and rumination, which is associated in the literature with almost every psychopathology and worse clinical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We posit that these adults are prone to use MRT because they have an insufficient understanding of the Principle of Thought and innate mental health, and we test this speculation by examining the mediating effect of understanding the Principle of Thought^{<strong>1</strong>} and innate mental health in the relationship between MRT and psychopathology and between MRT and mental health for adults exposed to ACEs.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>and Setting: Participants were obtained with assistance from a non-profit that promotes the understanding of the Principle of Thought and innate mental health and a midwestern state university. These organizations sent electronic requests to their followers directing them to the survey site, and 690 adults with exposure to ACEs completed the research survey.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bivariate multiple regression and Sobel tests are used to determine the mediating effect of understanding the Principle of Thought and innate mental health in the relationship between MRT and psychopathology and between MRT and mental health.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For all participants, understanding the Principle of Thought and innate mental health significantly mediated the relationship between MRT and psychopathology (Sobel value = 6.453; p = &lt; .001) and between MRT and mental health (Sobel value = −6.045; p = &lt; .001). For participants reporting five ACEs or more (N = 200), understanding the Principle of Thought and innate mental health was also a significantly mediator between MRT and psychopathology (Sobel value = 3.947; p = &lt; .001) and between MRT and mental health (Sobel value = 3.947; p = &lt; .001). For both relationships, understanding innate mental health was an even stronger mediator than understanding the Principle of Thought.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings suggest that via assisting adults (and children) exposed to ACEs to gain a sufficient understanding of the Principle of Thought and innate mental health they can avoid MRT, reduce their mental distress, and improve their mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The coparenting experience of parents involved in supervised access: A systematic review of the literature","authors":"Kenza Samel,&nbsp;Léa Binaut,&nbsp;Evelyne Bouteyre","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>With the increasing number of separations resulting in one parent being awarded sole custody of the child, the loss or severing of contact with the other parent is frequent. In this context, several countries have set up a series of socio-judicial systems to ensure that this relationship is maintained through visits supervised by social workers and psychologists.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In this article, the authors present a synthesis of the international scientific literature on the coparenting experiences of both custodial and non-custodial parents involved in supervised access measures.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A systematic search of French and English language articles was conducted using 3 data sources. A total of 20 publications were selected. 6 articles were finally included using the PRISMA method.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Four themes related to the coparenting experiences of parents involved in visitation programs were highlighted: 1) coparenting and the revival of marital conflict throughout the supervised visitation program; 2) a less conflictual coparental relationship during visitation; 3) a coparental relationship developed in the child's best interests; and 4) coparenting as a protective factor in child development.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our approach allowed us to compare the experiences of both custodial and non-custodial parents, whereas most research focuses only on the experiences of non-custodial parents. In a context where prevention and intervention research and programs for families affected by conflictual separations remain scarce, our science-based findings provide new avenues for support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wages withheld, deferred or deflected: The case of child domestic workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Annabel Erulkar ,&nbsp;Lemi Negeri ,&nbsp;Eyasu Hailu Mekonnen ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Anderson ,&nbsp;Yuki Lo","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Most studies of child domestic workers highlight extreme hardship, abuse and exploitation. Few studies have examined the dynamics of wages/payments among young domestic workers.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective is to explore the dynamics of payment between child domestic workers and employers, specifically, factors associated with direct or withheld payments, or payment sent to family members.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>This study of child domestic workers took place in selected locations of Addis Ababa, where large numbers were known to be present.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The is a large-scale, mixed-method study, including a quantitative survey of domestic workers, a sub-sample who were interviewed in-depth, and a validation study among former domestic workers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixty-seven percent of child domestic workers were paid directly for their services. The remainder had their salary withheld by the employer (28 percent) or sent to the family members (5 percent). Being younger (AOR 2.4, p &lt; 0.001 among age 12–14; AOR 2.5, p &lt; 0.006 among age 15–17) was associated with increased odds of one's employer withholding salary, while having an employment contract was associated with decreased odds of withheld pay (AOR 0.6, p &lt; 0.002). Those who were placed in work by family members were over five times more likely (AOR 5.1, p &lt; 0.001) to have payment sent to families.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our research underscores the importance of enforcement of child labor laws and laws related to ‘young workers.’ Among those of legal working age, our results underscore the need for formal employment contracts, increased legal protection and improved working conditions for domestic workers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local safeguarding leads in faith communities: Current experience and practice, and what it tells us about improving partnership working. A preliminary mixed methods study","authors":"Lorna Trend","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Local faith communities have a role in building strong communities and are acknowledged as partners in local safeguarding (Department for Education, 2023) and yet, faith communities have a complex relationship with safeguarding. They are often active in the provision of support and services to local children and families, however substantive evidence of abuse and lack of reporting to statutory safeguarding services has been documented (Independent Inquiry Child Sexual Abuse, 2021)<strong>.</strong> This small-scale study explores the role of faith community safeguarding leads, and how working together with local safeguarding services could be improved. Applying a mixed methods approach, thirteen faith community safeguarding leads in the southwest of England and one national faith-based safeguarding agency, provide insights on safeguarding perspectives, processes and challenges. Key findings include local faith-based safeguarding leads may need support to feel confident to seek advice at an early stage and to attend child protection meetings. Practice-based implications are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migratory and psychosocial predictors of child emotional and physical health among a sample of refugee mothers","authors":"Daniel J. Whitaker,&nbsp;Jesscia Koreis,&nbsp;Erin A. Weeks,&nbsp;Nikita Rao,&nbsp;Shannon Self-Brown,&nbsp;Mary Helen O'Connor","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adverse childhood experiences are strongly related to poor health outcomes. Migratory adversities have not been incorporated into the conceptualization of childhood adversities, but are common among displaced populations, and may affect psychological and physical health.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this paper was to examine predictors of child emotional and physical health among a sample of refugee and migrant mother with children ages 0–5.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Participants were a convenience sample of 233 mothers recruited from Clarkton GA, a nationally designated refugee resettlement zone, in which over 30,000 refugees have been resettled. Mothers of young children (0–5) were recruited for participation in a parenting intervention, and baseline data were used for these analyses. Eligible participants were of Afghan, Burmese, or Congolese descent and able to be interviewed in English, Dari, Pashto, Karen, Burmese, or Congolese.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mothers completed a baseline interview that included questions on demographics, migratory experiences and stressors, and current psychosocial functioning including mental health, social support, and parenting skill and stress. They also reported on their child's emotional health (attachment and initiative) and physical health. Analyses used demographics, migratory, and psychosocial variables as predictors of child health outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Regression analyses showed that both migratory and psychosocial variables were predictive of emotional and physical health. Parent current psychosocial variables including parenting skills, stress, and support were the strongest predictors of health outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Adverse migratory stressors are related to child health outcomes, but current psychosocial variables, including parenting skill, were more robust predictors. Regardless of parental trauma, parenting skills taught via evidence-based parenting programs hold promise to improve child outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}