China Population, Resources and Environment最新文献

Tourism development results in water pollution not only in water-scarce areas, but also in areas with relatively abundant water resources, such as Lijiang Ancient Town (LAT). In this article, LAT is described for its use of the freshwater resource, on account of its attractive landscaping. Tourism here has grown rapidly in recent years and at the same time the water quality has deteriorated sharply. Several investigations have been made, with the aim of finding out the causes and consequences of water quality deterioration because of tourism development. The results show that the present mode of water utilization is not sustainable, and some of the local residents have already complained about water quality degradation. Increasing numbers of tourists, relative service infrastructures, such as, shops, restaurants, and hotels, and in addition, insufficient management measures, result in the decline of water quality. Countermeasures on water management approaches are suggested to deal with the current water pollution, and make tourism development sustainable..

Resource-based cities face vital economic, social, and environmental problems during their industrial transformation. Urban industrial structure is a traditional primary industrial pattern, which is resource-based and resource-intensive economy with low level technology and efficiency. They encounter tremendous pressure of unemployment and social security. Resources of such cities are on the verge of extinction, in addition, the environmental pollution and ecological conditions are becoming worse. The cities have significant institutional issues and their innovation capacity is inadequate. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out strategic innovations to realize the successful economic transformation of resource-based cities. The strategic innovations include innovation of development goals, equalization of social welfare, sustainable economic development, coordinative development between eco-environment and socioeconomy, and circular economy development strategies optimizing diversified industrial structures. In addition, forming eco-industrial system and changing traditional growth pattern, strategy of resource and industrial substitution and supplement, scientific and technological innovation strategy —late-comer's advantages of development of new high-tech ecocity development strategy and innovation of institutional mechanism and systems.

Sustainable development requires enriching and developing the traditional international trade theory, especially integrating the environmental elements into the current analysis framework of relative comparative advantages. These relationships among labor, capital, and environmental resources are analyzed in this study, using the relative comparative advantages method. As indicated in the analysis, the ever-increasing international trading volume in China relies not only on the relative comparative advantage of labor but also on the environmental one; these are the two major advantages in China. However, the two advantages will experience serious challenge in the future along with a rising cost on labor and environmental pollution.

The occurrence of natural disasters has a tremendous negative effect on agricultural production. The effect of natural disasters in undeveloped areas is more serious and even leads to the occurrence of poverty due to the weak capacity to handle these disasters. Although there is much research based on qualitative analysis, the quantitative research is rare. This article aims to cover the previous quantitative research gap. On the basis of the analysis of panel data in Anhui province, it is evident that there is a negative correlation between the proportion of the area affected by agricultural natural disasters to the total sown area and the incidence of rural poverty, which is not compatible with the previous studies. Therefore, the authors make a possible explanation. On the basis of the empirical results, some policies are recommended in the final part of this article on a correct understanding of agricultural natural disasters and rural poverty, such as building a rural natural defense system and strengthening the response capacity of farmers in impoverished areas.

On the basis of systematic analysis and study of the theories and methods related to employment, this article abstracts the influential elements which can judge regional employability. And then, in light of this study, based on the theories and methods related to region and space, under the guidance of the systematic idea and the theories of index and index system, the authors attempt to work out an index system which can judge regional employability. Then, the article applies the index system to 35 prefectural-class cities in Northeast China for quantitative comparison and analysis, in order to study and analyze the regional differences, spatial pattern characteristics, and time development law of the employability of 35 cities. On the basis of systematic analysis and study of the theories and methods related to employment, this article abstracts the influential elements which can judge regional employability. And then, in light of this study, based on the theories and methods related to region and space, under the guidance of the systematic idea and the theories of index and index system, the authors attempt to work out an index system which can judge regional employability. Then, the article applies the index system to 35 prefectural-class cities in Northeast China for quantitative comparison and analysis, in order to study and analyze the regional differences, spatial pattern characteristics, and time development law of the employability of 35 cities.

Cropland ecosystem not only provides people with grains, vegetables, fibers, etc., but also plays an important role in air regulation, soil and water conservation, environmental decontamination, etc. Furthermore, cropland ecosystem has negative effects on our environment, such as soil and water pollution, because of the use of fertilizers and pesticides. So far, there are a few research findings about Chinese farmland's ecological functions, but only a part of ecological functions is discussed in this article. At present, an integrated research is needed in order to get a comprehensive understanding of cropland ecosystem. This article gives a primary result of ecological functions and their monetary values in Chinese cropland ecosystem. The results showed that the total monetary value of ecological functions provided by Chinese cropland ecosystem was 1912.18 billion yuan RMB in 2003 (present price in 2003); the positive value was 2233.41 billion yuan RMB and negative was −321.23 yuan billion RMB. The value per hectare was 18960.60 yuan RMB/hm², of which the value of crop products was 14788.70 yan RMB/hm² and others were 4171.90 yuan RMB/hm². The ecological functions in the farmland vary with regions. The values ranged from 8.68 to 505.08 billion yuan RMB, and HHHR and MLRYR were higher than those of the other ecological zones. The values per hectare ranged from 515.90 to 3498.43 yuan RMB/hm², and SC and MLRYR were higher.

This article discusses the creation of economic competitive advantages in poor counties. The article discusses and analyzes different paths of gaining economic competitive advantages in counties with abundant resources and those that lack resources. In order to promote the development of the economic status of poor countries, we suggest that counties with abundant resources should make the best use of their resources, exploit and protect them to develop their economy, and that counties with a lack of resources should build up their intangible assets and establish a government with entrepreneurship spirit based on their actual situations.