Child Psychiatry & Human Development最新文献

Misophonia is a recently identified disorder of decreased sound tolerance that often originates in childhood. Currently, there is a lack of validated questionnaires for screening and assessing misophonia severity in children/adolescents. This paper presents an iterative validation process of two innovative (parallel child-/parent-reported) questionnaires: the Misophonia Screening List-Child and Youth for screening, and the Amsterdam Misophonia Scale-Youth (AMISOS-Y) for assessing misophonia severity in youth. After instrument refinement, we performed ROC curve, reliability, and principal component analyses, and assessed concurrent, convergent and divergent validity, on a combined sample (aged 8-18; clinical sample N = 94 youth, 95 parents; control group screening N = 197 youth, 56 parents; control group AMISOS-Y N = 192 youth, 55 parents). Both questionnaires were unidimensional and displayed excellent psychometric properties (α = 0.95-0.96). Future replication studies are needed in community and clinical samples to contribute to a unified diagnostic framework. Trial registered 09/2021: NL-OMON20775.

The goal of this research was to expand theoretical models of adolescent suicide by exploring whether individual differences in adolescent girls' need for approval (NFA_avoid and NFA_approach) contribute to risk for, or protection against, self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs). We examined these novel hypotheses in a series of concurrent and longitudinal analyses in two samples of adolescent girls (Study 1: N = 89, M_age = 16.31 years, SD = 0.84, 67.4% White; Study 2: N = 229, M_age = 11.80, SD = 1.80, 49.8% White). Hierarchical linear and logistic regressions revealed that NFA_avoid was generally associated with higher risk for SITBs, whereas NFA_approach generally had a protective effect against SITBs; moreover, the strength of these associations depended on the extent to which girls engaged in rumination. Together, these results suggest that encouraging girls to develop diverse foundations for their sense of self-worth beyond peer judgements may protect against SITBs.

Using a large sample (n = 1163) from the National Institute of Child Health and Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model was employed to unpack the between-person and within-person aspects in the relations between children's academic performance and externalizing/internalizing behaviors during primary school and examined the predictive role of early executive function. Results showed that the reciprocal relations between state-level fluctuations in children's behavioral problems and academic performance were largely unsupported. Children with more advanced early executive function were found to have better academic performance and fewer behavioral problems throughout primary school, supporting the antecedent role of early executive function. These findings suggest that fostering executive function skills early on could be a key strategy for improving both academic outcomes and behavioral adjustment in children.

This study aimed to assess the clinical utility of the "Limited Prosocial Emotions" (LPE) specifier in subtyping conduct problems (CP) and oppositional defiant problems (ODP) among two samples including 1203 parent-child dyads and 1,937 school-attending youths in Iran. The prevalence of LPE across the entire sample, as well as subsamples of youths with clinically elevated levels of CP and ODP, were examined. CP + LPE individuals scored significantly higher than CP-Only youths on several measures of externalizing psychopathology and depression, although these findings were not fully consistent across informants. Several anticipated differences in measures of aggression and antisocial behavior were not found. Also, no significant group differences were observed between the ODP + LPE and ODP-Only groups concerning externalizing and internalizing psychopathology. In the total sample, youths with LPE scored significantly higher in measures of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology than those without LPE, though the magnitude of these differences was in small ranges. Overall, the findings provide only limited support for the clinical utility of the LPE specifier for CP and none whatsoever for ODP.

Sports-related concussions (SRC) pose risks to young people's physical and mental health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we studied linkages between youths' SRC experiences and internalizing problems (depression, self-harm, and suicidality) among a representative sample in Southeastern state (n = 4,668 total, n = 547 reported SRC experience). Logistic regressions indicated significant associations between youths' SRC experiences and depression (AOR = 1.32, p < .05), suicidality (e.g., attempted suicide AOR = 2.68, p < .001), and self-harm (AOR = 1.97, p < .001) while controlling for being bullied or teased, gender, age, race, and COVID-19's mental health impact. Contrary to prior findings: (1) SRC associations with self-harm and suicide attempts were consistent across genders; and (2) African American students with SRC were significantly more likely to experience depression, self-harm, suicide planning, and attempts than peers without SRC. Results indicated mental health resilience post-concussion for Latinx youth. Implications advocate population-specific health promotion measures that address vulnerabilities and protective factors while emphasizing SRC education for parents, coaches, and young athletes for timely psychological evaluation and support.

Prosocial behavior is a relevant indicator of children's socio-emotional development linked to decreased conduct and emotional problems. The present study aimed to identify cross-sectional direct effects of parental involvement on prosocial behavior in three-time assessments at ages 3, 5, and 7 years, to identify carryover effects of the study constructs, and to identify the evolution of these effects over time. A sample of 235 Colombian families participated at t0, 220 at t1, and 145 at t2 by completing self-reported questionnaires for prosocial behavior using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire for parental involvement. Using PLS-SEM path modeling, we found that the contribution of parental involvement to prosocial behavior was significant in the three assessments. Carryover analyses indicated that initial levels of parental involvement and initial levels of prosocial behavior predict later levels. Using multigroup analysis, we tested significant changes in the path coefficients of direct effects, finding nonsignificant results. For carryover effects, we found changes in parental involvement between t0/t1 and t1/t2. Finally, t-test analyses were used to identify changes in the construct's means over time, finding significant changes between parental involvement at t1 and t2. No mean differences were found for prosocial behavior. Results from this study highlight the relevance of parental involvement during childhood for maintaining children's levels of prosocial behavior and reducing the risk of socio-emotional problems. Preventive approaches for these problems should include parents' training on parental involvement from age 3.5 years or earlier.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the predictive role of preschool children's attachment on social competence, anxiety, aggression, and self-control of 5-year-old children (60-71 months), and to test the mediating effect of peer relationships in this model. A total of 309 children participated in the study. The data of the study were collected through the teacher checklist of peer relationships, the social competence and behavior evaluation scale-30, the self-control rating scale which the teacher filled out, and the doll story completion task which the researcher used during the application process. Path analysis was used to explain the direct and indirect relationships between the variables, and a Sobel test was also used to determine the mediational role of peer relationships. The results showed that peer relationships had a mediating effect on parental attachment between anxiety, anger, social competence, and self-control. This study shows that the reflections of insecure attachment experienced in the first years of life can be reduced by peer relationships and the reflections of secure attachment can be strengthened by peer relationships.

We explored associations between multisystemic resilience and anxious-depressed symptoms in Black families experiencing maternal syndemics (i.e., co-occurring epidemics of substance abuse, violence, HIV/AIDS), using a sequential explanatory study design. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze data from 171 Black youth (57% girls; M_age=12.13, SD = 2.90). Girls (β=-0.17, p = .02) with higher inter/intrapersonal skills (β = - 0.28, p = .004) and more open familial communication (β = - 0.40, p < .001) reported fewer anxious-depressed symptoms, F(12, 147) = 5.68; p < .001, Adj R² = 26.1%. Qualitative results from a subsample of 10 Black youth-mother dyads explored inter/intrapersonal factors (i.e., emotion regulation strategies, goal setting, persistence and perseverance, problem-solving skills) and open communication factors (i.e., comfortable environment to talk, solving problems, processing feelings, showing affection, benefiting from open communication) that support Black youth resilience. Findings highlight key resilience factors that could be bolstered in future interventions to reduce anxious-depressed symptoms among Black youth exposed to maternal syndemics.