Cleaner Energy Systems最新文献_第5页

Comparative operational carbon footprints of a vehicle in Brazil: Electric, ethanol, and gasoline 在巴西，一辆汽车的运行碳足迹比较：电动、乙醇和汽油

Cleaner Energy Systems

Pub Date : 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cles.2025.100194

João Marcelo Fernandes Gualberto Galiza , Silvia Guillén-Lambea , Monica Carvalho

This study quantifies the operational carbon footprint of the Renault Kwid E-Tech (electric vehicle) and Renault Kwid Intense flex (gasoline and ethanol internal combustion engine vehicle) under a Well-to-Wheel approach within the Brazilian context. With a functional unit of 100,000 km, this analysis evaluates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with fuel consumption and considers different electric mixes across Brazilian regions, along with the periodic maintenance of each vehicle type. The results reveal significant environmental benefits in regions such as the Northeast, where renewable energy sources predominate, reducing the carbon footprint of the electric model, with a carbon footprint of 0.071 kg CO₂-eq/kWh. By contrast, the higher carbon intensity of the South’s electricity mix reliant on coal, with a carbon footprint of 0.281 kg CO₂-eq/kWh, presents limitations in achieving emissions reductions with electric vehicles. Ethanol, a renewable biofuel in the Brazilian market, demonstrated a 46 % reduction in GHG emissions compared to gasoline. This study contributes to the sustainable mobility discourse, highlighting the critical role of regional energy sources, fuel choices, and sustainable production practices in emissions outcome. These insights support the development of policies encouraging cleaner energy matrices and biofuel use, contributing to Brazil's emissions reduction goals.

该研究量化了雷诺Kwid E-Tech（电动汽车）和雷诺Kwid Intense flex（汽油和乙醇内燃机汽车）在巴西的井到轮方法下的运行碳足迹。以10万公里的功能单元为例，该分析评估了与燃料消耗相关的温室气体（GHG）排放，并考虑了巴西地区不同的电力混合，以及每种车型的定期维护。结果表明，在可再生能源占主导地位的东北等地区，显著的环境效益减少了电动汽车的碳足迹，碳足迹为0.071 kg CO2-eq/kWh。相比之下，南方电力结构的碳强度较高，依赖煤炭，碳足迹为0.281千克二氧化碳当量/千瓦时，这对实现电动汽车的减排提出了限制。乙醇是巴西市场上的一种可再生生物燃料，与汽油相比，它的温室气体排放量减少了46%。本研究为可持续交通话语做出了贡献，强调了区域能源、燃料选择和可持续生产实践在排放结果中的关键作用。这些见解支持制定鼓励使用清洁能源和生物燃料的政策，有助于巴西实现减排目标。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Reducing energy consumption in a factory and providing an upgraded energy system to improve energy performance” [Cleaner Energy Systems, Volume 8, August 2024, 100124] “减少工厂的能源消耗并提供升级的能源系统以提高能源绩效”的勘误表[清洁能源系统，第8卷，2024年8月，100124]

Cleaner Energy Systems

Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cles.2025.100193

Armin Tayefeh, Alireza Aslani, Rahim Zahedi, Hossein Yousefi

引用次数: 0

Retraction notice to “Forecasting Solar Energy generation in the Mediterranean Region up to 2030-2050 Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)” [Cleaner Energy Systems 10 (2025) 100167] 关于“使用卷积神经网络（CNN）预测地中海地区2030-2050年太阳能发电”的撤回通知[清洁能源系统10 (2025)100167]

Cleaner Energy Systems

Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cles.2025.100192

Mahmood Abdoos , Hamidreza Rashidi , Pourya Esmaeili , Hossein Yousefi , Mohammad Hossein Jahangir

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal).

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief.

Post publication the editor found that several citations were added to this paper which are not relevant to the topic of the paper. In addition, it was found that the data utilized in the study were poorly presented, referenced, and described, making it difficult for readers to fully understand and evaluate the findings. The method section was also found to be insufficiently clear, lacking the necessary detail required for replication or validation of the results.

An Expression of Concern was appended to the paper whilst the authors were given a chance to write a revised version of their original article. Despite substantial efforts by the authors, there remain significant unresolved issues that compromise the integrity and reproducibility of the study.

Subsequent evaluation of the revised paper has concluded that it does not advance understanding of the topic. The changes needed were judged to exceed the threshold that could be corrected via a Corrigendum and therefore necessitated retraction. This retraction supersedes the Expression of Concern.

The paper will be resubmitted, and additional measures will be implemented to ensure that the methodologies described, and the source of the data are clearer. References will also be aligned with the context of the article. Once the resubmitted paper undergoes review and, if accepted for publication, a link to the new article will be provided here for reference.

本文已被撤回：请参见爱思唯尔文章撤回政策（https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal）.This)，文章已应主编要求撤回。发表后，编辑发现这篇论文中增加了几条与论文主题无关的引文。此外，我们发现研究中使用的数据呈现、引用和描述都很差，这使得读者很难完全理解和评估研究结果。方法部分也不够清楚，缺乏复制或验证结果所需的必要细节。一份关注的表达被附加到论文中，同时作者有机会写一份他们原始文章的修订版本。尽管作者做出了巨大的努力，但仍有重大的未解决的问题，这些问题损害了研究的完整性和可重复性。随后对修订后的论文的评估得出结论，它并没有促进对该主题的理解。所需要的修改被认为超过了可以通过勘误纠正的限度，因此需要撤回。此撤回取代了关注表达。将重新提交该文件，并将实施额外措施，以确保所描述的方法和数据来源更加清晰。参考文献也将与文章的上下文保持一致。一旦重新提交的论文经过审查，如果被接受发表，将在这里提供新文章的链接以供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying heat demand of China’s manufacturing by sub-sectors and temperature zones: a four-step accounting method 按细分行业和温度带量化中国制造业的热需求：四步核算法

Cleaner Energy Systems

Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cles.2025.100190

Eugene Haochen Yu , Yuan Yuan , Chinhao Chong , Maximilian Arras , Linwei Ma , Zheng Li , Weidou Ni

In 2020, the heat demand drove 54 % of the energy-related carbon emissions (ERCEs) in China’s industry, and the majority of the heat demand was in manufacturing. Due to the scale, numerous sub-sectors, and complex production processes of the manufacturing industry, together with insufficient data availability, a lack of comprehensive data for heat demand differentiating sub-sectors and temperature zones still exists. This study developed a four-step accounting method to fill this gap, including the selection of sub-sectors, identification of typical production processes, estimation of heat demand by temperature zones for each process, and calculation of the total heat demand by sub-sectors and temperature zones. 9 manufacturing sub-sectors were selected to estimate the heat demand between 0 and 1800 °C, and 16 production processes were identified to differentiate the heat demand by temperature zones. The results indicated that the temperature zones of 1601–1800 °C, 0–200 °C and 801–1000 °C account for 28.0 %, 20.4 % and 19.6 % of the total heat demand, respectively. Meanwhile, the high temperature zone was dominated by ferrous metals and non-metallics, the middle temperature zone was dominated by chemicals, ferrous metals, and non-ferrous metals, and the low temperature zone was diverse among all sub-sectors.

2020年，中国工业54%的能源相关碳排放（ERCEs）是由热需求驱动的，其中大部分热需求来自制造业。由于制造业规模大、细分行业多、生产过程复杂，且数据可用性不足，目前仍缺乏区分细分行业和温度区域的综合热需求数据。本研究开发了一种四步核算方法来填补这一空白，包括子行业的选择，典型生产工艺的识别，每个工艺的温度区域热需求估计，以及子行业和温度区域的总热需求计算。选择了9个制造子部门来估计0到1800°C之间的热需求，并确定了16种生产工艺，以区分温度区域的热需求。结果表明：1601 ~ 1800℃、0 ~ 200℃和801 ~ 1000℃温度区分别占总热需求的28.0%、20.4%和19.6%；同时，高温区以黑色金属和有色金属为主，中温区以化工、黑色金属和有色金属为主，低温区各细分行业之间存在差异。

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引用次数: 0

Regional environmental comparison of electrification and ethanol blends in light vehicles 轻型车辆电气化和乙醇混合燃料的区域环境比较

Cleaner Energy Systems

Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cles.2025.100189

Fernando Fusco Rovai , Carlos Eduardo Keutenedjian Mady

This study compares the decarbonization of five light-vehicle types with life cycle assessment from vehicle production up to 200,000 km of use (driving impact for urban and highway cycles). The comparison to reduce fuel carbon intensity was between fleet electrification and conventional internal combustion vehicles running on more biofuel. Furthermore, the scope is to evaluate ethanol as a transitional fuel for decarbonization for future arrangements in modal transportation. The analyses were conducted in four countries with policies of vehicle decarbonization: China, the United States of America and the European Union, and Brazil. These multiple variables-based analyses help to understand specific technological transitions and to instruct optimized regional decarbonizing solutions. Considering the regional carbon intensity of electricity generation and gasoline-ethanol fuel blend, these innovative evaluations estimate the ethanol content to be added to each region's fuel to achieve the same carbon emission mitigation of vehicle electrification with conventional non-electrified vehicles. The CO₂e mitigation of the analyzed hybrid electric vehicle is attainable by adding from 9 to 76 % ethanol v/v to the fuel. The battery electric vehicle C_O2e mitigation could demand lower fuel intensity than ethanol for conventional smaller vehicles, confirming the most probable electrification in these categories, with less challenging CO₂e mitigation with biofuels for larger vehicles. The innovative cost estimation of avoided CO₂e when replacing a conventional with a battery electric vehicle in Brazil resulted in penalties from 334 to 6539 US$ per avoided ton of CO2e, with the higher costs for higher vehicles, values between 16 and 307 times more expensive than decarbonization through carbon credits from sustainable activities in Brazil (CBIOS). The replacement of a conventional by a hybrid vehicle in urban use is the only option analyzed that resulted in cost saving of 63 US$ per mitigated ton of CO₂e.

本研究比较了五种轻型车辆类型的脱碳，并进行了从车辆生产到使用20万公里的生命周期评估（城市和公路周期的驾驶影响）。降低燃料碳强度的比较是在电动车队和使用更多生物燃料的传统内燃机汽车之间进行的。此外，范围是评估乙醇作为脱碳的过渡燃料，为未来的联运安排。分析是在四个有汽车脱碳政策的国家进行的：中国、美国和欧盟、巴西。这些基于多个变量的分析有助于理解具体的技术转型，并指导优化的区域脱碳解决方案。考虑到发电和汽油-乙醇混合燃料的区域碳强度，这些创新的评估估计了每个区域燃料中需要添加的乙醇含量，以实现与传统非电动汽车相同的汽车电气化碳减排。所分析的混合动力电动汽车的二氧化碳排放量可以通过在燃料中添加9%至76%的乙醇来实现。电池电动汽车减少二氧化碳当量所需的燃料强度可能低于传统小型车辆的乙醇燃料，这证实了这些类别中最有可能实现的电气化，而大型车辆使用生物燃料减少二氧化碳当量的挑战较小。在巴西，用电池电动汽车取代传统汽车所避免的二氧化碳当量的创新成本估算导致每减少一吨二氧化碳当量的罚款从334美元到6539美元不等，而车辆越高，成本越高，比通过巴西可持续发展活动的碳信用额度进行脱碳的成本高出16至307倍。在城市使用中，用混合动力汽车取代传统汽车是唯一的选择，每减少一吨二氧化碳当量可节省63美元的成本。

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引用次数: 0

Utilizing fruit wastes as a sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production: A review 利用水果废弃物作为可持续原料生产生物乙醇的研究进展

Cleaner Energy Systems

Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cles.2025.100188

Shedrack Thomas Mgeni , Herieth Rhodes Mero , Lewis Atugonza Mtashobya , Jovine Kamuhabwa Emmanuel

This present review is significant as it aligns with the global push to expand energy sources and address climate change and air pollution. It explores how fruit waste can be utilized as a feedstock for bioethanol production, a key renewable fuel. To conduct a thorough literature evaluation, the study used keywords including bioethanol production, bioethanol feedstocks, bioethanol from fruit wastes and bioethanol production technology to search for published studies in databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, Springer Link, Web of Science, and Scopus. 150 articles were identified; however, 113 articles met the relevance criteria for inclusion in the present study. This study examines the methods for converting agricultural and fruit waste into bioethanol, along with the environmental and economic benefits, such as blending it with gasoline for use as vehicle fuel. This process boosts gasoline's octane rating, enhances fuel quality, lowers production costs, and reduces exhaust emissions. Besides, the present study assesses global bioethanol production and summarizes the findings from various studies on fruit wastes generation, potentiality of fruit wastes, bioethanol production and properties, potentiality of bioethanol as an energy source, bioethanol production process, parameters affecting optimal bioethanol production during microbial fermentation. It is suggested that attention be given to fruit wastes considering the cost and conditions to improve bioethanol yields through fermentation processes.

当前的审查具有重要意义，因为它与全球扩大能源来源、应对气候变化和空气污染的努力相一致。它探讨了如何利用水果废料作为生物乙醇生产的原料，这是一种关键的可再生燃料。本研究采用生物乙醇生产、生物乙醇原料、水果废弃物生物乙醇、生物乙醇生产技术等关键词，在谷歌Scholar、Science Direct、施普林格Link、Web of Science、Scopus等数据库中检索已发表论文，共检索到150篇；然而，有113篇文章符合纳入本研究的相关标准。本研究考察了将农业和水果废弃物转化为生物乙醇的方法，以及其环境和经济效益，例如将其与汽油混合用作汽车燃料。这个过程提高了汽油的辛烷值，提高了燃料质量，降低了生产成本，减少了废气排放。此外，本研究对全球生物乙醇生产进行了评估，并总结了各种研究的结果，包括水果废弃物的产生、水果废弃物的潜力、生物乙醇的生产和性质、生物乙醇作为能源的潜力、生物乙醇的生产工艺、微生物发酵过程中影响最佳生物乙醇生产的参数。考虑到成本和发酵工艺提高生物乙醇产量的条件，建议关注水果废弃物。

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引用次数: 0

Plant level analysis of energy efficiency change and technical efficiency measurement of Indian iron and steel manufacturers for evaluating advancements and uncovering further opportunities 工厂层面的能源效率变化分析和印度钢铁制造商的技术效率测量，以评估进步和发现进一步的机会

Cleaner Energy Systems

Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cles.2025.100187

Avijit Nayak , Niranjan Nayak , Binod Kumar Sahu

India is on its path to decarbonise the industrial sector for achieving climate change goals. Under National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency India is implementing target-oriented, market-driven scheme since 2012 to cut energy intensity in key industrial sectors. This study examined the energy efficiency changes in forty-three Iron and Steel industries using the decomposed Malmquist Productivity Index and found only 2.9 % improvement in pure technical efficiency between 2009 and 2019. Additionally, if the energy intensity targets are met by 2024–25, further improvement of at least 4.9 % in technical efficiency is anticipated since 2009. Therefore, energy efficiency improvement in the sector found is slow during the decade and the energy intensity of the Iron and Steel industries has remained largely unchanged. The schemes aimed at enhancing energy efficiency have had little to no effect on improving energy efficiency within these industries. Also, the mean technical efficiency of forty-three Iron and Steel industries evaluated as 79.6 %, indicating the potential for a 20 % reduction in energy intensity. Now, under Indian Carbon Market the framework has been set for industries to migrate to Carbon Credit Trading Scheme. Therefore, the factors influencing the poor pace of energy efficiency improvements must be addressed under new framework.

印度正在为实现气候变化目标而使工业部门脱碳。根据国家提高能源效率使命，印度自2012年以来一直在实施以目标为导向的市场驱动计划，以降低关键工业部门的能源强度。本研究使用分解的马姆奎斯特生产率指数（Malmquist Productivity Index）对43个钢铁行业的能源效率变化进行了调查，发现2009年至2019年间，纯技术效率仅提高了2.9%。此外，如果能源强度目标在2024-25年达到，预计自2009年以来技术效率将进一步提高至少4.9%。因此，在这十年中，该部门的能源效率改善缓慢，钢铁工业的能源强度基本保持不变。旨在提高能源效率的计划对提高这些行业的能源效率几乎没有效果。此外，43个钢铁行业的平均技术效率评估为79.6%，表明能源强度降低20%的潜力。现在，在印度碳市场下，已经为工业迁移到碳信用交易计划建立了框架。因此，必须在新的框架下解决影响能效改善步伐缓慢的因素。

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引用次数: 0

Techno-environmental assessment of the fuel properties of a variety of briquettes for biomass boiler applications 生物质锅炉用各种型煤燃料性能的技术-环境评价

Cleaner Energy Systems

Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cles.2025.100185

C.K.K. Sekyere , R. Opoku , B. Asaaga , B. Baah , P.Y. Andoh , G.Y. Obeng , J. Agbogla

This study evaluates the fuel properties of five briquette samples made of Saw Dust (SD), Cocoa Shell (CS), Corn Cob (CC), Palm Kernell Shell (PKS) and Coconut Husk (CH), blended with starch at 50 % binder ratio to assess their suitability as boiler fuels, addressing the need to transition to cleaner, more efficient and sustainable boiler fuels for effective decarbonization of the heat and power sector of industry in Ghana. Pertinent solid fuel properties were measured to characterize fuel performance ranges. Environmental implications were also assessed through emissions measurements. SD emerges with the lowest relaxation ratio (1.39), indicating superior stability during transportation. CC exhibits the highest HHV (25.22 MJ/kg), while CH (187 g/h) demonstrates superior fuel economy. CH (27.93 %wt.) presents higher igniting potential, while CC and PKS may necessitate combustion-enhancing additives for ignition. CC (12.34 ± 2.25 wt. %) yields lesser ash, potentially enhancing boiler performance and guaranteeing minimum maintenance as compared with the other briquette samples. Four-day average measurements reveal minimal CO₂ and CO emissions for all samples, indicating negligible environmental threat. PM2.5 emissions mostly conform to WHO safety thresholds, albeit SD exceeding the recommended limit. The diversity of desirable fuel properties obtained, barring the few anomalies observed, demonstrate that briquettes hold the key to achieving fuel resource, environmental, and performance sustainability so far as boilers are concerned. The results also serve as pointers for further research to consolidate knowledge on more detailed fuel performance characteristics.

本研究评估了由锯末（SD）、可可壳（CS）、玉米芯（CC）、棕榈壳（PKS）和椰子壳（CH）制成的五种型煤样品的燃料特性，并以50%的粘合剂比例与淀粉混合，以评估它们作为锅炉燃料的适用性，解决了向更清洁、更高效和可持续的锅炉燃料过渡的需求，以实现加纳工业热电部门的有效脱碳。测量了相关的固体燃料特性，以表征燃料性能范围。还通过排放测量评估了环境影响。SD的弛豫比最低（1.39），表明其在运输过程中的稳定性较好。CC （25.22 MJ/kg）表现出最高的HHV，而CH （187 g/h）表现出优异的燃油经济性。CH （27.93% wt.）具有较高的点火潜力，而CC和PKS可能需要助燃添加剂来点火。与其他型煤样品相比，CC（12.34±2.25 wt. %）产生较少的灰分，可能提高锅炉性能并保证最低的维护。四天平均测量显示，所有样品的二氧化碳和一氧化碳排放量都很低，表明环境威胁可以忽略不计。PM2.5的排放基本上符合世卫组织的安全阈值，尽管SD超过了建议的限值。除了少数观察到的异常情况外，所获得的理想燃料特性的多样性表明，就锅炉而言，型煤是实现燃料资源、环境和性能可持续性的关键。这些结果也为进一步的研究提供了指导，以巩固对更详细的燃油性能特性的了解。

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引用次数: 0

A case for supporting distributed wind energy deployment in commercial-scale potato production based on field measurements in Ireland 基于爱尔兰实地测量的支持分布式风能在商业规模马铃薯生产中的部署的案例

Cleaner Energy Systems

Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cles.2025.100186

Raymond Byrne, Paul MacArtain, Gerard Reaburn

Potato production is seasonal in nature, resulting in the requirement for product storage in order to meet ongoing demands of consumer markets. Maintaining potato quality in medium- to long-term storage is temperature dependent and typically requires refrigeration to maintain a stable storage environment. This represents an energy demand that adds to production costs and greenhouse gas emissions using conventional fossil-based energy supplies. On-site renewable technology deployment presents opportunities to mitigate against these, however, the appropriate deployment of such technologies requires a site-specific understanding of energy demand and available renewable energy resources to best match the energy resources to demand. This research case study makes the case for on-site distributed wind electricity generation compared with solar PV in commercial-scale potato production in Ireland. It is based on high-resolution multi-annual measurements of electricity demand along with measurements and modelling of available on-site wind and solar resources at a commercial-scale producer's site. The results show that despite higher capital costs at present, distributed wind energy can be more appropriate for the given energy demand and resource profiles. A critical need to embed energy demand and resource matching criteria in government supports for on-site renewable energy deployment is highlighted. The learnings from this case study may be of benefit to numerous prospective stakeholders such as end-users, agricultural bodies and government agencies engaged with energy and carbon reduction in agriculture.

马铃薯生产是季节性的，因此需要产品储存，以满足消费市场的持续需求。在中长期储存中保持马铃薯品质取决于温度，通常需要冷藏以保持稳定的储存环境。这代表了一种能源需求，增加了使用传统化石能源供应的生产成本和温室气体排放。现场可再生能源技术部署提供了缓解这些问题的机会，然而，这种技术的适当部署需要对特定地点的能源需求和可用的可再生能源进行了解，以最佳地匹配能源需求。本研究案例研究将现场分布式风力发电与爱尔兰商业规模马铃薯生产中的太阳能光伏发电进行了比较。它基于高分辨率的多年电力需求测量，以及商业规模生产商现场可用风能和太阳能资源的测量和建模。结果表明，尽管目前的投资成本较高，但分布式风能可以更适合给定的能源需求和资源概况。强调了将能源需求和资源匹配标准纳入政府对现场可再生能源部署的支持的迫切需要。本案例研究的经验教训可能对许多潜在的利益相关者有益，如终端用户、农业机构和从事农业能源和碳减排的政府机构。

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引用次数: 0

Thermodynamic analysis of a novel organic Rankine cycle operating with various thermal energy sources 不同热源下新型有机朗肯循环的热力学分析

Cleaner Energy Systems

Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cles.2025.100184

Evangelos Bellos

The goal of this work lies in the investigation of a highly efficient organic Rankine cycle (ORC) under operation with various heat sources. The suggested cycle includes recuperation, regeneration and reheating, called RRR-ORC, and it is studied for operation with biomass, solar thermal collectors (evacuated flat plate units) and waste heat recovery. The analysis is parametric by investigating different design scenarios, as well as there is optimization aiming at the maximization of energy efficiency. Moreover, the reported results are directly compared with the respective with the recuperative ORC (benchmark scenario). The results prove that the RRR-ORC is a more efficient choice than the Recuperative-ORC thermodynamically and for operation with biomass and solar thermal collectors in all the studied scenarios. However, the use of the waste heat source for feeding the cycle is beneficial in most of the studied cases and not in all the examined scenarios; there are some reported reductions in the performance in the scenarios with low waste heat source temperatures. In the typical scenario of T_sat=110 °C and T_cond=40 °C, the energy efficiency enhancement compared to the recuperative cycle for the biomass-based system is 20.89 %, for the solar-based system is 20.22 %, while for the waste heat recovery system is only 2.72 %. However, it is useful to add that the reported exergy efficiency values with the waste heat recovery systems are significantly higher compared to the biomass and solar-based configurations.

这项工作的目标是研究在各种热源条件下运行的高效有机朗肯循环（ORC）。所建议的循环包括蓄热、再生和再加热，称为 RRR-ORC，研究了生物质、太阳能集热器（抽真空平板装置）和废热回收的运行情况。通过研究不同的设计方案，进行了参数分析，并以能源效率最大化为目标进行了优化。此外，所报告的结果还直接与各自的换热式 ORC（基准方案）进行了比较。结果证明，在所有研究方案中，RRR-ORC 在热力学方面以及与生物质和太阳能集热器一起运行时，都比蓄热式 ORC 更有效。不过，在大多数研究案例中，利用废热源为循环供能是有益的，但并非在所有研究方案中都是如此；据报道，在废热源温度较低的方案中，性能有所下降。在 Tsat=110 °C、Tcond=40 °C 的典型情况下，生物质系统的能源效率比蓄热式循环提高了 20.89%，太阳能系统提高了 20.22%，而废热回收系统仅提高了 2.72%。不过，需要补充的是，与生物质和太阳能系统相比，余热回收系统的放能效值要高得多。

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引用次数: 0