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Cytoprotective vs. Cytotoxic effects of nitric oxide in ischemic and inflammatory bowel disease 一氧化氮在缺血性和炎症性肠病中的细胞保护作用与细胞毒性作用
Clinical Immunology Newsletter
Pub Date : 1997-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0197-1859(00)80017-5
D.V.M., Ph.D. Rustin M. Moore (Diplomate American College of Veterinary Surgeons), D.V.M., M.S. Thomas L. Seaborn (Diplomate American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine)

Nitric oxide is a simple molecule that exerts complex physiologic and pathophysiologic effects in mammalian biologic systems. The biosynthesis of NO is controlled by the availability of the substrate and enzyme, L-arginine and NOS, respectively. Nitric oxide derived from cNOS is principally involved in cytoprotective functions including vasodilatation, inhibition of platelet aggregation and adhesion, inhibition of neutrophil adhesion and emigration, and non vascular smooth muscle relaxation. On the other hand, iNOS-derived NO is involved with cytoxicity via the synthesis of peroxynitrite through the reaction of NO with superoxide. The cNOS-derived NO exerts a predominanty anti-inflammatory effect during acute gastrointestinal tract inflammation such as intestinal I-R injury, whereas iNOS-derived NO serves principally as a pro-inflammatory agent during chronic gastrointestinal tract inflamamtion such as IBD. Administration of NO donors during early stages and selective iNOS inhibitors during later stages of of gastrointestinal inflammation appear to have therapeutic potential.

一氧化氮是一种在哺乳动物生物系统中发挥复杂生理和病理生理作用的简单分子。NO的生物合成分别受底物和酶的可用性、l -精氨酸和NOS的控制。来源于cNOS的一氧化氮主要参与细胞保护功能，包括血管扩张、抑制血小板聚集和粘附、抑制中性粒细胞粘附和迁移以及非血管平滑肌松弛。另一方面，inos衍生的NO通过NO与超氧化物反应合成过氧亚硝酸盐参与细胞毒性。cnos来源的NO在急性胃肠道炎症(如肠I-R损伤)中发挥主要的抗炎作用，而inos来源的NO在慢性胃肠道炎症(如IBD)中主要起促炎作用。胃肠道炎症早期给予NO供体，晚期给予选择性iNOS抑制剂似乎具有治疗潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A disease of dysregulated programmed cell death 慢性淋巴细胞白血病:一种失调的程序性细胞死亡疾病
Clinical Immunology Newsletter
Pub Date : 1997-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0197-1859(00)80016-3
M.D., Ph.D. John C. Reed

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents a quintessential example of a human malignancy which is caused principally by defects that prevent cell turnover due to programmed cell death rather than by alterations in cell cycle regulation. In the vast majority of patients, CLL cells are predominantly G0 quiescent lymphocytes that gradually accumulate in the patient's body not because they are dividing more rapidly than normal, but because they are surviving too long. Investigations of the genetics of CLL therefore seem likely to teach us much about the molecular mechanisms that regulate programmed cell death (PCD). Moreover, since defects in the pathway for PCD can render neoplastic cells resistant to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation, investigations of the aberrant regulation of cell death in CLL may also prove informative for gaining a better understanding of drug- and radiation-resistance mechanisms. In this review, I summarize current knowledge about the cytogenetic abnormalities associated with CLL and the role of deregulated cell death in the pathogenesis of this most common of the adult leukemias.

慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)是人类恶性肿瘤的一个典型例子，它主要是由程序性细胞死亡导致的细胞周转缺陷引起的，而不是由细胞周期调节的改变引起的。在绝大多数患者中，CLL细胞主要是静止淋巴细胞，它们在患者体内逐渐积聚，不是因为它们比正常细胞分裂得更快，而是因为它们存活的时间太长。因此，对CLL遗传学的研究似乎可以让我们了解调控程序性细胞死亡(PCD)的分子机制。此外，由于PCD通路中的缺陷可以使肿瘤细胞抵抗化疗药物和放疗的细胞毒性作用，因此对CLL中细胞死亡的异常调节的研究也可能为更好地理解药物和放疗耐药机制提供信息。在这篇综述中，我总结了目前关于与CLL相关的细胞遗传学异常的知识，以及这种最常见的成人白血病发病机制中失控的细胞死亡的作用。
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引用次数: 8
Immune Regulation by Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 转化生长因子β 1的免疫调节作用
Clinical Immunology Newsletter
Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0197-1859(00)80013-8
Regory P., V.M., M.S. Boivin D.
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引用次数: 0
Transforming Growth Factor β3: Pharmacological Properties and Physiological Functions 转化生长因子β3:药理性质和生理功能
Clinical Immunology Newsletter
Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0197-1859(00)80014-X
Ph.D. Philip N. Howles
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引用次数: 1
Nitric oxide as a pulmonary inflammatory mediator 一氧化氮作为肺部炎症介质
Clinical Immunology Newsletter
Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0197-1859(00)80015-1
D.V.M, M.S. Thomas L. Seahorn, D.V.M., Ph.D. Rustin M. Moore
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引用次数: 1
Bone marrow and the GH/IGF-I Axis: Bone remodeling and immune function 骨髓和GH/IGF-I轴:骨重塑和免疫功能
Clinical Immunology Newsletter
Pub Date : 1997-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0197-1859(97)80319-6
Susan E. Sparks , Donna King
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引用次数: 0
Clinical relevance of chemokines 趋化因子的临床相关性
Clinical Immunology Newsletter
Pub Date : 1997-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0197-1859(97)80318-4
Alice Gilman-Sachs, Brian DuChateau
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引用次数: 2
Thymocytes Expressing Both αβ and γδ TCRs: Implications for Models of Lineage Commitment 表达αβ和γδ tcr的胸腺细胞:谱系承诺模型的意义
Clinical Immunology Newsletter
Pub Date : 1997-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0197-1859(97)80320-2
Chong-kil Lee , Kyungjae Kim , Kathrin Muegge , Scott K. Durum
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of CD40 ligand (CD154) expression on neonatal cord blood T cells using a rapid whole blood flow cytometry procedure 利用快速全血流式细胞术评估新生儿脐带血T细胞中CD40配体(CD154)的表达
Clinical Immunology Newsletter
Pub Date : 1997-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0197-1859(97)80300-7
M. Paniagua, D. Zaas, M.R.G. O'Gorman
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引用次数: 0
Abstracts from the 10th Annual AMLI Meeting 第十届AMLI年会摘要
Clinical Immunology Newsletter
Pub Date : 1997-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0197-1859(97)80293-2
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引用次数: 0
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