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A real time monitoring system for accurate plant leaves disease detection using deep learning 一种利用深度学习技术精确检测植物叶片疾病的实时监测系统

Crop Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropd.2024.100092

Kazi Naimur Rahman, Sajal Chandra Banik, Raihan Islam, Arafath Al Fahim

Accurate and timely detection of plant diseases is crucial for sustainable agriculture and food security. This research presents a real-time monitoring system utilizing deep learning techniques to detect diseases in plant leaves with high accuracy. We combined several plant datasets, including the PlantVillage Dataset, resulting in a comprehensive dataset of 30,945 images across eight plant types (potato, tomato, pepper bell, apple, corn, grape, peach, and rice) and 35 disease classes. Initially, a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was developed, achieving a leaf classification accuracy of 95.62 %. Subsequently, the dataset was partitioned for individual plant disease detection, applying nine different CNN models (custom CNN, VGG16, VGG19, InceptionV3, MobileNet, DenseNet121, Xception, and two hybrid models) to each plant type. The highest accuracy rates for disease detection were: 100 % for potato (custom CNN), 98 % for tomato (InceptionV3, custom CNN, VGG16), 100 % for pepper bell (MobileNet, custom CNN), 100 % for apple (MobileNet, Xception), 98 % for corn (custom CNN), 99 % for grape (custom CNN, VGG19, DenseNet121), 100 % for peach (VGG16, custom CNN), and 98 % for rice (DenseNet121). A web and mobile application were developed based on the best-performing models, allowing users to insert or capture images of plant leaves, detect diseases, and receive treatment suggestions with high confidence levels. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of deep learning models in accurately identifying plant diseases, offering a valuable tool for enhancing disease management and crop yields.

准确和及时发现植物病害对可持续农业和粮食安全至关重要。本研究提出了一种利用深度学习技术对植物叶片病害进行高精度检测的实时监测系统。我们结合了几个植物数据集，包括PlantVillage数据集，得到了一个包含8种植物类型（马铃薯、番茄、辣椒、苹果、玉米、葡萄、桃子和水稻）和35种疾病类别的30,945张图像的综合数据集。首先，开发了自定义卷积神经网络（CNN）模型，实现了95.62%的叶子分类准确率。随后，数据集被划分为单株病害检测，对每种植物类型应用9种不同的CNN模型（自定义CNN、VGG16、VGG19、InceptionV3、MobileNet、DenseNet121、Xception和两种混合模型）。疾病检测的最高准确率为：马铃薯100%（定制CNN），番茄98% (InceptionV3，定制CNN， VGG16)，辣椒100% (MobileNet，定制CNN)，苹果100% (MobileNet, Xception)，玉米98%（定制CNN），葡萄99%（定制CNN， VGG19, DenseNet121），桃子100% (VGG16，定制CNN)，大米98% （DenseNet121）。基于性能最好的模型开发了一个网络和移动应用程序，允许用户插入或捕获植物叶片的图像，检测疾病，并以高可信度接收治疗建议。研究结果证明了深度学习模型在准确识别植物病害方面的有效性，为加强病害管理和作物产量提供了有价值的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting cold-stress responsive genes in cotton with machine learning models 用机器学习模型预测棉花冷胁迫反应基因

Crop Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropd.2024.100085

Mengke Zhang , Yayuan Deng , Wanghong Shi , Luyao Wang , Na Zhou , Heng Wang , Zhiyuan Zhang , Xueying Guan , Ting Zhao

Machine Learning (ML) serves as a potent tool for data mining and predictive analytics in genomic research. However, its application in identifying stress-responsive genes remains underexplored. This study identified distinct variations in the expression patterns of one-to-one homologous genes responding to cold stress in three cotton species: Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, and Gossypium arboreum. To better understand cold-responsive genes, we developed ML predictive models (LightGBM, XGBoost, and Random Forest) utilizing 121 biochemical features. The incorporating of these features significantly enhanced model accuracy. Moreover, incorporating evolutionary information further refined the models, achieving an impressive 80.80 % accuracy in predicting cold-stress responsive genes. Notably, models trained on sequence features from G. hirsutum showed transferability to the closely related species of G. barbadense, with accuracies ranging from 78.65 % to 83.04 %. This research presents a promising workflow for identifying candidate genes for experimental exploration of cold stress responses and establishes a systematic framework for predicting cold-stress related genes using ML methodologies.

机器学习（ML）是基因组研究中数据挖掘和预测分析的有力工具。然而，它在识别应激反应基因方面的应用仍未得到充分探索。本研究确定了三种棉花（棉、棉和木棉）在冷胁迫下一对一同源基因表达模式的差异。为了更好地理解冷反应基因，我们利用121个生化特征开发了ML预测模型（LightGBM、XGBoost和Random Forest）。这些特征的结合显著提高了模型的精度。此外，结合进化信息进一步完善了模型，在预测冷应激反应基因方面达到了令人印象深刻的80.80%的准确率。值得注意的是，基于G. hirsutum序列特征训练的模型显示出与G. barbadense密切相关的物种的可转移性，准确率在78.65% ~ 83.04%之间。本研究提出了一种有前途的工作流程，用于鉴定冷应激反应实验探索的候选基因，并建立了一个使用ML方法预测冷应激相关基因的系统框架。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of different sesame varieties cultivated under saline conditions in the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh 孟加拉国西南沿海盐碱地栽培不同芝麻品种的评价

Crop Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropd.2024.100093

Md Shihab Uddine Khan , Md Moshiur Rahman , Arup Ratan Basak , Prodipto Bishnu Angon , Sadia Afroz Ritu , Milon Kobir , Md Riazul Islam

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is widely used in many cooking techniques worldwide, and it is known as the "queen of oilseeds" because it contains polyunsaturated lipids that prevent oxidative rancidity and carry oil content up to 60%. The salty portions of the country have much lower agricultural yields, cropping intensities, and productivity than the rest of the country. In this paper, we compared the variations of yield performance and salinity torelance between modern and local sesame varieties to select the best-performing varieties under saline conditions in the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh. The field experiment had been performed during the Kharif-1 season (mid-March to mid-July) of 2022 at the BINA (Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture) substation farm, Satkhira. Four BINA varieties and two BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute) varieties developed sesame varieties, and one local variety, viz. Binatil-1, Binatil-2, Binatil-3, Binatil-4, BARI Til-3, BARI Til-4 and Lal Til (Batiaghata local) were tested under saline conditions. A randomized complete block design was utilized, with three replications of each variety across the experimental field. The greatest plant height (92.00 cm) was found in BARI Til-3, whereas the lowest was observed in Binatil-3. BARI Til-4 had the highest number of branches per plant (4.55), whereas the lowest was found in Binatil-1. The highest number of capsules (22.22) was shown in Binatil-3, and the lowest was found in Binatil-1. The maximum number of seeds in capsule^-1 (72.55) was demonstrated by Lal Til, and the minimum was observed in BARI Til-4. The Lal Til variety presented the highest seed yield (1.25 ha^-1), whereas the Binatil-1 variety presented the lowest seed yield. These results indicate that the Lal Til variety performed better in yield. It may be cultivated in the Satkhira region under saline circumstances and used as breeding material for future breeding programs. These findings are highly important for the future of sesame cultivation in Bangladesh and other saline-prone areas.

芝麻（Sesamum indicum L.）在世界范围内被广泛应用于许多烹饪技术中，它被称为“油籽女王”，因为它含有多不饱和脂质，可以防止氧化酸败，含油量高达60%。咸地区的农业产量、种植强度和生产力都比其他地区低得多。本文通过比较孟加拉西南沿海地区现代芝麻品种和当地芝麻品种的产量性状和耐盐性变化，筛选出盐条件下表现最好的品种。田间试验于2022年Kharif-1季（3月中旬至7月中旬）在孟加拉国核农业研究所（BINA） Satkhira变电站农场进行。4个BINA品种和2个BARI（孟加拉国农业研究所）品种培育了芝麻品种，1个地方品种，即Binatil-1、Binatil-2、Binatil-3、Binatil-4、BARI Til-3、BARI Til-4和Lal Til （Batiaghata地方品种）在盐水条件下进行了试验。采用随机完全区组设计，每个品种在整个试验田重复3次。BARI Til-3株高最高，为92.00 cm， Binatil-3株高最低。BARI Til-4株分枝数最多（4.55），Binatil-1株分枝数最少。Binatil-3的胶囊数最多，为22.22粒，Binatil-1最少。Lal Til的荚果数最多（72.55颗），BARI Til-4的荚果数最少。Lal Til品种种子产量最高（1.25 ha-1），而Binatil-1品种种子产量最低。结果表明，Lal Til品种在产量上表现较好。它可以在satkira地区的盐碱化环境下种植，并用作未来育种计划的育种材料。这些发现对孟加拉国和其他盐碱易发地区的芝麻种植的未来非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of CYP701A1 genes in gossypium species and functional characterization through gene silencing 棉属植物CYP701A1基因分析及基因沉默功能表征

Crop Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropd.2024.100081

Zhao Liang , Di Jiachun , Guo Qi , Xu Zhenzhen , Zhao Jun , Xu Peng , Xu Jianwen , Liu Jianguang , Shen Xinlian , Chen Xusheng

Gibberellins (GA) are known to play crucial roles in various aspects of plant growth and development. The cytochrome P450 enzyme family is recognized for its significance in plant metabolic processes. Specifically, CYP701s, a subgroup of CYP71, encode ent-kaurene oxidase in the gibberellin synthesis pathway. In this study, we analyzed genomic data from 30 Gossypium species, including nine allotetraploid genomes (AD1-AD7, with two each for AD1 and AD2), 21 diploid genomes (A-G, K, with two A-genomes and 12 D-genomes), and Gossypioides kirkii genome as an outgroup for evolutionary analysis, totaling 31 genomes. Subsequently, 40 CYP701A1 genes were identified from various genomes and conducted a comprehensive analysis of their structure and evolution. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology was utilized to knock out the GhCYP701A1 gene in Gossypium hirsutum ac TM-1. Subsequent analysis revealed changes in hormone content, with decreased gibberellin levels and notable increases in auxin, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid contents. Conversely, salicylic acid content decreased, while the precursor for ethylene synthesis, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), remained relatively stable. Transcriptome analysis of the gene silencing plants identified 15,962 differentially expressed genes, including 8376 upregulated and 7586 downregulated genes. Enrichment analysis through KEGG pathway highlighted ‘Plant hormone signal transduction’ as a prominent pathway with 234 differentially expressed genes. The study provided insights into the function and regulatory network of the gene.

赤霉素（Gibberellins， GA）在植物生长发育的各个方面起着至关重要的作用。细胞色素P450酶家族在植物代谢过程中具有重要意义。具体来说，CYP701s是CYP71的一个亚群，在赤霉素合成途径中编码母烯氧化酶。本研究分析了30种棉属植物的基因组数据，包括9个异源四倍体基因组（AD1- ad7， AD1和AD2各2个），21个二倍体基因组（A-G， K， 2个a -基因组和12个d -基因组），以及作为外群的柯氏棉基因组，共31个基因组进行了进化分析。随后，从不同基因组中鉴定出40个CYP701A1基因，并对其结构和进化进行了全面分析。利用病毒诱导基因沉默（VIGS）技术敲除棉TM-1的GhCYP701A1基因。随后的分析揭示了激素含量的变化，赤霉素水平下降，生长素、细胞分裂素和茉莉酸含量显著增加。相反，水杨酸含量下降，而乙烯合成前体1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）含量保持相对稳定。基因沉默植株转录组分析鉴定出15962个差异表达基因，其中上调8376个，下调7586个。通过KEGG途径富集分析发现，“植物激素信号转导”是234个差异表达基因的主要途径。该研究对该基因的功能和调控网络提供了深入的了解。

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引用次数: 0

Advance technologies for DNA-protein interactions and future research prospect dna -蛋白相互作用技术进展及未来研究展望

Crop Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropd.2024.100082

Chengyi Qu , Hao Du

DNA-protein interactions (DPIs) are essential for genome functioning, with billions of years of evolution shaping specific patterns of protein-DNA interactions to regulate gene networks in response to various stimuli. Over the years, scientists have developed numerous techniques to study these interactions. This review provides a historical overview of these methods, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages and offering the examples of recent applications. Our aim is to help researchers select the most appropriate technique on the basis of their working goals and capabilities. For the experimental design of DPIs assays, several kinds of techniques are relatively quicker or/and simpler, the precision and accuracy of these methods must be carefully considered to verify the DNA-protein interaction. The review also discusses the recent advances in the computational approaches for predicting DNA-protein bindings and diverse reporting systems.

dna -蛋白质相互作用（dpi）对基因组功能至关重要，数十亿年的进化形成了蛋白质- dna相互作用的特定模式，以调节基因网络对各种刺激的反应。多年来，科学家们开发了许多技术来研究这些相互作用。本文综述了这些方法的历史概况，突出了它们的优点和缺点，并提供了最近应用的例子。我们的目标是帮助研究人员根据他们的工作目标和能力选择最合适的技术。对于dpi检测的实验设计，有几种技术相对较快或/和简单，这些方法的精密度和准确性必须仔细考虑，以验证dna -蛋白质的相互作用。本文还讨论了预测dna -蛋白质结合和多种报告系统的计算方法的最新进展。

引用次数: 0

Genome-wide association study and candidate gene identification for the cold tolerance at the seedling stage of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) 油菜苗期耐冷性的全基因组关联研究及候选基因鉴定

Crop Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropd.2024.100083

Guangyu Wu, Yanda Zhou, Jingyi Zhang, Mengjie Gong, Lixi Jiang, Yang Zhu

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important overwintering oilseed crop and suffers from severe cold stress during the seedling stage, due to the increasingly delayed sowing in the Yangtze river basin. However, the genetic basis underlying cold tolerance in rapeseed seedlings is not well understood. In this study, we observed the cold tolerance of 217 rapeseed accessions in the field and found a significant negative correlation between cold tolerance grades and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of cold tolerance grades identified four significant loci in the genomic region of one MYB transcription factor BnaA8.MYB60. Furthermore, field accessions with BnaA8.MYB60 ^Hap1 exhibited significantly higher cold tolerance and lower expression of BnaA8.MYB60 compared to the majority of accessions with BnaA8.MYB60 ^Hap2. These results suggested that variation in the genomic sequences of BnaA8.MYB60 caused the divergence of gene expression levels and functions on cold tolerance in rapeseed seedlings. This study could provide the theoretical guidance for the breeding of cold-tolerant rapeseed varieties.

油菜（Brassica napus L.）是重要的越冬油籽作物，由于长江流域播期日益延迟，油菜在苗期遭受严重的冷胁迫。然而，油菜幼苗耐冷性的遗传基础尚不清楚。本研究对217份油菜材料的耐寒性进行了田间观察，发现耐寒等级与丙二醛（MDA）含量呈显著负相关。一项耐寒等级的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）在MYB转录因子BnaA8.MYB60的基因组区域发现了4个显著位点。此外，用BnaA8进行字段访问。MYB60 Hap1的耐寒性显著提高，BnaA8的表达显著降低。MYB60与BnaA8相比。MYB60 Hap2。这些结果提示BnaA8基因组序列的变异。MYB60引起油菜幼苗耐冷性基因表达水平和功能的分化。该研究可为耐寒油菜品种的选育提供理论指导。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-wide association study identifies loci and candidate genes for root traits in rice grown in Brazil 全基因组关联研究鉴定了巴西水稻根系性状的位点和候选基因

Crop Design

Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropd.2025.100095

Gabriel Brandão das Chagas , Latóia Eduarda Maltzahn , Josiane Vargas de Oliveira Maximino , Viviane Kopp da Luz , Ariano Martins de Magalhães Junior , Antonio Costa de Oliveira , Luciano Carlos da Maia , Camila Pegoraro

Rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population. In Brazil, this crop plays an important role in consumption, production and economy. Root system is a key trait for rice yield, as it is responsible for water uptake, absorption, transportation of nutrients from soil, and other vital functions. Root dry weight (RDW) and root length (RL) are related to crop yields. Understanding molecular basis of rice root traits is a strategy to help breeders develop genotypes with higheryield. However, few studies using Brazilian germplasm have been developed. Therefore, the objective of this research was to map genome regions responsible for root dry weight and length in adult rice plants grown in Southern of Brazil. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was applied using 7098 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers and a collection of 188 rice genotypes. Seven SNP markers for root length and four markers for root dry weight were detected. Genes encoding myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, cyclin-dependent protein kinase (Cdk)-activating kinase were associated with root length. Amidst the genes related to root dry weight, those encoding cellulose synthase, lipid transfer protein, Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase and CCCH-type zinc finger protein associated with drought tolerance were identified. This study provides insights of genetic control of rice root traits considering as a panel composed mainly of Brazilian genotypes. The rice breeders can apply this knowledge to guide for further research and develop new cultivars in Brazil.

大米是世界上一半以上人口的主食。在巴西，这种作物在消费、生产和经济中发挥着重要作用。根系是水稻产量的关键性状，它负责水分吸收、土壤养分的输送和其他重要功能。根干重（RDW）和根长（RL）与作物产量有关。了解水稻根系性状的分子基础是培育高产水稻基因型的重要手段。然而，利用巴西种质资源进行的研究很少。因此，本研究的目的是绘制巴西南部种植的成体水稻根系干重和长度的基因组区域。利用7098个单核苷酸多态性（snp）标记和188个水稻基因型进行全基因组关联研究（GWAS）。检测到7个根长SNP标记和4个根干重SNP标记。编码髓母细胞增生症（MYB）转录因子、肉桂醇脱氢酶、细胞周期蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶（Cdk）激活激酶的基因与根长度相关。在与根干重相关的基因中，鉴定出了与耐旱性相关的纤维素合成酶、脂质转移蛋白、受体样细胞质激酶和ccch型锌指蛋白的基因。本研究提供了水稻根系性状遗传控制的见解，考虑到主要由巴西基因型组成的群体。水稻育种者可以利用这些知识来指导巴西进一步的研究和开发新品种。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative interactomics build the bridges from micromolecules to biological behaviour and morphology 比较相互作用组学架起从微观分子到生物行为和形态的桥梁

Crop Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropd.2024.100078

Jinwen Chen

Behaviour, morphology and responses to stimuli in biological systems are determined by the genetic information of different types of biomolecules and the interactions between them. Comparative interactomics, the discipline devoted in comparing two or more interaction networks that happen in different species or under different cellular conditions, is a powerful tool for understanding systems evolution and the complex relationships that control cellular processes. This review provides an overview of data sources and research methods for comparative interactomics and the current directions in the application of comparative interactomics are summarised in brief. We also highlight the potential challenges of comparative interactomics in terms of interaction detection, noise delineation, alignment algorithms and quantitative network upgrading. We provide insights for future studies of network evolution using more accurate experimental and informative methodologies, with the hope that comparative interactomics to be further developed and build the study bridges from micromolecules to biological phenotypes.

生物系统的行为、形态和对刺激的反应是由不同类型生物分子的遗传信息和它们之间的相互作用决定的。比较相互作用组学是一门致力于比较不同物种或不同细胞条件下发生的两种或多种相互作用网络的学科，是了解系统进化和控制细胞过程的复杂关系的有力工具。本综述概述了比较相互作用组学的数据来源和研究方法，并简要总结了比较相互作用组学目前的应用方向。我们还强调了比较相互作用组学在相互作用检测、噪声划分、配准算法和定量网络升级方面的潜在挑战。我们希望比较相互作用组学能得到进一步发展，并搭建起从微观分子到生物表型的研究桥梁。

引用次数: 0

Strategizing pigeonpea for enhancing health-benefitting traits: A path to nutritional advancements 制定鸽子豆战略，增强有益健康的性状：营养进步之路

Crop Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropd.2024.100068

Jwala Pranati , Vaishnavi Chilakamarri , Ashwini Kalyan , H.B. Shruthi , Naresh Bomma , Kalenahalli Yogendra , Prakash Gangashetty

Nutritional security is the key objective of India's 2030 Vision and UN Sustainable Development Goal 3. Although the world has made progress towards food security, there is still work to be done in assuring nutrition for all. While millions of people worldwide suffer from protein energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, providing nutrient-rich foods offers a long-term solution. Pigeonpea is a major daily diet of developing and undeveloped nations covering Asian and African households and increasing its protein and micronutrient (iron and zinc content) is a feasible approach. Thus, this review focusses on strategizing how pigeonpea could provide nutritional assurance in the coming decade. It primarily summarizes the dietary profile, health advantages, and anti-nutritional factors that hinder pigeonpea. Furthermore, it delineates the current progress through conventional breeding and molecular tools, while providing strategies to amalgamate advances in transgenics, omics and rapid generation advancement platforms to enhance health-benefitting traits and tackling the anti-nutritional factors contributing potentially towards the nutritional security.

营养安全是印度 2030 年愿景和联合国可持续发展目标 3 的关键目标。尽管世界在粮食安全方面取得了进展，但在确保人人享有营养方面仍有许多工作要做。虽然全世界有数百万人患有蛋白质能量营养不良症和微量营养素缺乏症，但提供营养丰富的食品是一个长期的解决方案。鸽子豆是亚洲和非洲发展中国家和不发达国家家庭的主要日常食物，增加其蛋白质和微量营养素（铁和锌含量）是一种可行的方法。因此，本综述重点关注如何在未来十年为鸽子豆提供营养保障。它主要总结了鸽子豆的膳食结构、健康优势以及阻碍鸽子豆发展的反营养因素。此外，它还描述了目前通过传统育种和分子工具所取得的进展，同时提供了将转基因、组学和新一代快速发展平台方面的进展结合起来的战略，以增强有益健康的性状，并解决可能导致营养安全的抗营养因素。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic improvement of medicinal and aromatic plant species: Breeding techniques, conservative practices and future prospects 药用和芳香植物物种的遗传改良：育种技术、保守做法和未来前景

Crop Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropd.2024.100080

Nazarul Hasan , Rafiul Amin Laskar , Shahabab Ahmad Farooqui , Neha Naaz , Nidhi Sharma , Megha Budakoti , Dinesh Chandra Joshi , Sana Choudhary , Mahendar Singh Bhinda

Throughout history, herbal medicine has played a vital role in understanding and treating various ailments in humans and animals. The medicinal aromatic plant species, with their chemical compounds, offer potential solutions for addressing numerous diseases. Enhancing the genetic makeup of these plant species for both medicinal and economic purposes is now imperative. Mutation breeding is a significant strategy, having led to the development of nearly 3500 plant species. Polyploidy induction, doubling chromosomes, can result in larger and more valuable plant parts with medicinal and economic value. Plant tissue culture (PTC) is a crucial breeding technique, allowing for artificial polyploidy and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation to manipulate medicinal plant genomes, producing pharmaceutical secondary metabolites. The introduction of the third-generation clustered regularly interspaced short repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 gene editing system has enabled the correction of defects seen in the first- and second-generation gene editing technologies, which relied on synthetic endonucleases like zinc finger endonuclease (ZFN) and transcription activator-like receptor nuclease (TALEN). These gene editing methods facilitate the manipulation of secondary metabolite pathways in medicinal plants. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) based on short interfering RNA-mediated RNA silencing provides a rapid alternative for knocking out gene expression in medicinal and aromatic plant species that may not easily undergo stable genetic transformation. This article offers an overview of global trends, advancements, and prospects in conserving and breeding of medicinal aromatic plants, and helping as a valuable reference for sustainable resource utilization.

纵观历史，草药在了解和治疗人类和动物的各种疾病方面发挥了重要作用。药用芳香植物物种及其化合物为解决多种疾病提供了潜在的解决方案。目前，为药用和经济目的而增强这些植物物种的基因构成已势在必行。突变育种是一项重要战略，已培育出近 3500 种植物物种。多倍体诱导（染色体加倍）可以培育出更大、更有价值的植物部分，从而具有药用和经济价值。植物组织培养（PTC）是一项重要的育种技术，可通过人工多倍体和农杆菌介导的基因转化来操作药用植物基因组，生产药用次生代谢物。第三代簇状规则间隔短重复序列（CRISPR）-Cas9 基因编辑系统的问世，使第一代和第二代基因编辑技术的缺陷得到了纠正，第一代和第二代基因编辑技术依赖于锌指内切酶（ZFN）和转录激活剂样受体核酸酶（TALEN）等合成内切酶。这些基因编辑方法有助于药用植物次生代谢物途径的操作。基于短干扰 RNA 介导的 RNA 沉默的病毒诱导基因沉默（VIGS）为敲除不易进行稳定遗传转化的药用植物和芳香植物物种的基因表达提供了一种快速的替代方法。本文概述了药用芳香植物保护和育种的全球趋势、进展和前景，有助于为资源的可持续利用提供有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0