Crop Design最新文献

The DEP1 gene, which corresponds to the erect panicle architecture, shows a pleiotropic effect in increasing grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how nitrogen nutrition affects the photosynthesis in dep1 variety. In the study, we used W7, which carries the gain-of-function dep1 allele and its counterpart wild type plants, in pot trials under two nitrogen conditions. We investigated the differences in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and other photosynthetic parameters between the two rice varieties at different levels of nitrogen supply. Our results indicate that dep1 has a higher photosynthetic capacity under low nitrogen conditions due to the larger stomatal conductance. This work reveals that dep1 is more adaptable under a low nitrogen environment by analysis from the perspective of photosynthesis, stomatal function, and nitrogen uptake and assimilation, which provides a theoretical basis for revealing the photosynthetic efficiency of dep1 variety under low nitrogen conditions.

Distribution and structural features of genes, repeat elements and transposable elements (TEs) were studied to identify the genomic differences between the two subspecies (ssp. hypogaea and ssp. fastigiata) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A total of 67128 predicted genes, 2738666 copies of TEs and 162361 tandem repeats from the reference genome of Tifrunner were employed for this study. Of the 67128 genes, 33622 were reading on the plus strand, while 33506 were traced on the minus strand. Though B03 had the highest number of genes (4524), A08 recorded the highest density (53 genes/Mb) of genes in the genome. Telomeric regions had the highest density of genes. The average length of the genes was 3971 bp with majority of the genes (39228) containing one to five exons. The gene Arahy.11.0DU9MH had the insertion of 28 different types of TEs, and was the longest gene in the peanut genome. A total of 15731 genes were monomorphic in terms of SNPs across 179 accessions, while 7401 genes showed polymorphism at one nucleotide, indicating very low allelic variation at these genes. Remaining 66% of the genes had two or more SNPs, and therefore showed relatively high allelic variation. Among the 101 unique types of TEs, the Retro elements (869279) followed by CACTA (272596) and Mu (250248) TEs were most predominant. Telomeric regions showed less density of TEs than the regions. On an average, each gene contained 1.8 copies of TEs, and 35706 genes did not have the insertion of any TEs. A QTL-Seq approach could identify 186 SNPs and 26 gene differences between the two subspecies of A. hypogaea. Two of the 26 genes showed allelic variation in terms of SNPs and TEs.

Crop improvement through soilless cultivation opens up challenges of crop breeding, plant tissue culture and gene manipulation. The plant growing in soilless culture in a closed system, vertical farming, and protected cultivation under controlled climatic factors has immense potential for crop improvement in different aspects of phytoremediation, stress tolerance and bio fortification. The water-based culture and substrate-based culture induce classified stress tolerance in crops such as disease stress, water stress, salt stress under controlled climatic factors and can also be utilized to develop bio fortified crops. The scope and possibilities of crop improvement through water-based culture and substrate-based culture with respect to phytoremediation, stress tolerance, bio fortification, mechanisms of crop improvement and the challenges in crop improvement through soilless culture are reviewed in this paper. The soilless culture has enormous tools to combat problem of crop improvement and call for soilless green revolution. The comparative and non-comparative investigations of metabolomics, phenomics, genomics and proteomics, Donald concept-plant ideotype and Mendel theory-oligogenic and polygenic inheritance are essential to examine in natural & artificial system through soilless crop improvement.

Rice leaf color variation is a morphological phenotype that is valuable in studying plant metabolism and physiology. Besides, the rice leaf color phenotype can also be utilized in the breeding process. Rice plants with color mutations typically have less efficient photosynthesis, which can result in poor growth and yield reduction. Studies of rice leaf color mutants have led to important findings about the metabolic and regulatory mechanisms of pigment synthesis and accumulation, chloroplast biogenesis and differentiation, photosynthesis, stress response, etc. In this mini-review, we summarized the current progress in the identification and study of rice leaf color mutants, and we also discussed on the limitations and perspectives of the current research about these rice leaf color mutants.

The present investigation was taken up in a recombinant inbred population of cotton at advanced stage (F₁₀) derived from the cross MCU 5 x TCH 1218 in order to identify drought tolerance lines based on stress tolerant indices and physiological traits. To achieve these objectives, 220 recombinant inbred lines, parents and check KC3 were evaluated across two locations viz., Coimbatore and Aruppukottai in a randomized block design with two replications during Kharif 2018 and stress tolerant indices were estimated from single plant yield under both locations while physiological traits were recorded at rainfed condition alone.

Based on different multivariant analyses, 18 RILs viz., RIL 16, 20, 60, 71, 73, 74, 116, 131, 134, 137, 139, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 164 and 168 were identified as best performers under rainfed condition for yield traits which also exhibited lowest mean rank for physiological traits. Among these entries, RIL 74 and RIL 73 had low percentage of injury and high relative water content respectively. Association analysis revealed that tolerance index, yield reduction ratio, stress tolerance index and stress susceptibility index were significant and positively correlated among themselves. Negative correlation was noticed for yield under stress (YS) with tolerance index (TOL), yield reduction ratio (Yr) and stress susceptibility index (SSI). So, these indices are used to identify the susceptible genotypes, while remaining indices exhibit significant and positive association with yield under stress and normal condition. This implies remaining traits are used to discriminate tolerant genotypes.

Ferns are the second largest vascular plant lineage after angiosperms, shaping the plant biodiversity on our planet for more than 360 million years. Understanding the biological function of fern genes and their potential uses for agriculture, environment and health has been hampered by the lack of high-quality genome sequence of fern. The last five years have seen the assembly of reference fern genomes of Salvinia cucullata (0.26 ​Gb, n ​= ​9), Azolla filiculoides (0.75 ​Gb, n ​= ​22), Adiantum capillus-veneris (4.83 ​Gb, n ​= ​30), Alsophila spinulosa (6.27 ​Gb, n ​= ​69) and Ceratopteris richardii (7.46 ​Gb, n ​= ​39). These high-quality genome sequences will make significant contribution to the better understanding of evolution, ecology, functional genomics, and the diverse applications of ferns. Here, I review the physiological and some aspects of limited molecular mechanisms of abiotic (mainly heavy metal, drought, and shade) and biotic (pests and pathogens) tolerance in different fern species. The potential use of the fern genome toward crop abiotic and biotic stress tolerance is suggested. Thus, deciphering the genetic diversity and novel functional genes of ferns will provide tremendous boost to the knowledge advancement and the biotechnological applications of unique fern genes and proteins for sustainable agricultural production and environmental protection.

Affected by the explosion of the world's population, climate changes and resource depletion, crop design and utilization call for revolution. Alongside the rapid development of plant genomics, metabolomics, and new techniques, synthetic biology has now expanded from single-celled microbes to complex plant systems. Thus, much progress has been made in agriculture to meet the increasing demands for food, medicine, and energy. Here we reviewed the successful applications in crop synthetic biology, including crop production, nutrient quality, stress resistance, natural products, and biomedical. At last, we will discuss the challenges and future prospects in crop synthetic biology.