The research was based on the field experiment conducted in 2013–2015 at the Experimental Station of the University of Life Sciences, in Parczew (51°38'24"N, 22°54'02"E), on podzolic soil. The experiment was established using the split-split-plot method in three replications. The factors of the first order were three cultivars: ‘Albik’, ‘Rubik’ and ‘Violet de Rennes’. The second order factor was mineral fertilization (N0P0K0 – as standard object and P43, K124, N100, P43K124, N50P43K124, N100P43K124, N150P43K124), calculated as the elemental form of fertilizers. As the basic fertilization, bovine manure was used in the amount of 30 t·ha–1. The aim of the research was to develop the basis for managing the fertilization of Jerusalem artichoke, which will allow to obtain the maximum increase of aboveground part of this species. It was found that for the rate of plant growth, the most optimal fertilization was manure and mineral fertilization in the amount of 100 kg of N·ha–1 in the nitrate-ammonium form. The phosphorus-potassium fertilization, despite the use of manure, significantly reduced the growth of plants in comparison with the standard object.
该研究是基于2013-2015年在parczow(51°38'24"N, 22°54'02"E)生命科学大学实验站在灰化土上进行的野外试验。试验采用分裂-分裂图法，分3个重复进行。一级因子为“Albik”、“Rubik”和“Violet de Rennes”三个栽培品种。第二级因子为矿物施肥(以N0P0K0 -为标准对象，以P43、K124、N100、P43K124、N50P43K124、N100P43K124、N150P43K124为肥料元素形态)。施用30 t·hm - 1牛粪作为基础施肥。这项研究的目的是为管理耶路撒冷洋蓟的施肥奠定基础，这将使该物种的地上部分得到最大的增加。结果表明，从植株生长速率考虑，施用100 kg N·ha-1硝铵态有机肥和矿物肥最适宜。尽管使用了粪肥，但与标准对象相比，磷钾施肥显著降低了植物的生长。
{"title":"Effect of fertilization on the growth rate of aboveground part of Jerusalem artichoke","authors":"D. Skiba","doi":"10.24326/as.2019.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2019.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The research was based on the field experiment conducted in 2013–2015 at the Experimental Station of the University of Life Sciences, in Parczew (51°38'24\"N, 22°54'02\"E), on podzolic soil. The experiment was established using the split-split-plot method in three replications. The factors of the first order were three cultivars: ‘Albik’, ‘Rubik’ and ‘Violet de Rennes’. The second order factor was mineral fertilization (N0P0K0 – as standard object and P43, K124, N100, P43K124, N50P43K124, N100P43K124, N150P43K124), calculated as the elemental form of fertilizers. As the basic fertilization, bovine manure was used in the amount of 30 t·ha–1. The aim of the research was to develop the basis for managing the fertilization of Jerusalem artichoke, which will allow to obtain the maximum increase of aboveground part of this species. It was found that for the rate of plant growth, the most optimal fertilization was manure and mineral fertilization in the amount of 100 kg of N·ha–1 in the nitrate-ammonium form. The phosphorus-potassium fertilization, despite the use of manure, significantly reduced the growth of plants in comparison with the standard object.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83904823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The revenues from the agricultural tax only to a small extent contribute to the budgets of communes, and they often constitute the basic source of tax revenues in rural communes. This is the main reason for the worse income situation of rural communes in Poland. Rural communes in Poland are the least independent units and such situation requires the search for effective sources of income for local government units. For many years, there has also been a discussion on the possibility of real taxation of income from agricultural activities. Considering the above, the purpose of this study was to analyze the income equipment of rural communes in the field of agricultural tax in 2011–2017. The analysis of the income structure confirms that in rural communes, the share of agricultural tax in total income is twice as high as the average in Polish communes. However, this is not a factor that makes it possible to increase the financial independence of rural communes.
{"title":"Agricultural tax as a source of income for rural communes","authors":"Anna Barbara Kobiałka, Aneta Zakrzewska","doi":"10.24326/as.2019.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2019.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"The revenues from the agricultural tax only to a small extent contribute to the budgets of communes, and they often constitute the basic source of tax revenues in rural communes. This is the main reason for the worse income situation of rural communes in Poland. Rural communes in Poland are the least independent units and such situation requires the search for effective sources of income for local government units. For many years, there has also been a discussion on the possibility of real taxation of income from agricultural activities. Considering the above, the purpose of this study was to analyze the income equipment of rural communes in the field of agricultural tax in 2011–2017. The analysis of the income structure confirms that in rural communes, the share of agricultural tax in total income is twice as high as the average in Polish communes. However, this is not a factor that makes it possible to increase the financial independence of rural communes.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84000028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research was aimed at determining the farmers’ knowledge about sustainable agricultural techniques in potato cultivation by identifying their personal, social, economic and communication characteristics. In addition, the intention of research was to find a connection between the farmer's knowledge of potato cultivation in sustainable agricultural techniques and independent variables that characterize the farmers. These studies were based on primary data collected in the years 2014–2016 on a representative sample of 152 potato producers in the Mazovian province. A standardized structure questionnaire was used to collect the field data through personal interviews. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part contained independent variables (age, level of education, marital status, occupation, sex, source of income), while the second one consisted of an assessment test of potato producer knowledge on sustainable agricultural techniques. The results showed that knowledge about potato cultivation for sustainable agricultural techniques is medium with a low tendency. Among the socio-economic variables, the level of education and occupation were the most important factors influencing the knowledge of a farmer-producer of potato with sustainable agricultural techniques in the studied area. The significant differences occurred between knowledge about potato cultivation for sustainable agricultural techniques according to variables in categories (age, level of education and profession). Only three independent variables had a significant link to the adoption of innovation in agriculture: source of income, level of education and occupation.
{"title":"Farmers’ knowledge of sustainable potato cultivation techniques in Poland","authors":"B. Sawicka, T. Hameed","doi":"10.24326/as.2019.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2019.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"The research was aimed at determining the farmers’ knowledge about sustainable agricultural techniques in potato cultivation by identifying their personal, social, economic and communication characteristics. In addition, the intention of research was to find a connection between the farmer's knowledge of potato cultivation in sustainable agricultural techniques and independent variables that characterize the farmers. These studies were based on primary data collected in the years 2014–2016 on a representative sample of 152 potato producers in the Mazovian province. A standardized structure questionnaire was used to collect the field data through personal interviews. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part contained independent variables (age, level of education, marital status, occupation, sex, source of income), while the second one consisted of an assessment test of potato producer knowledge on sustainable agricultural techniques. The results showed that knowledge about potato cultivation for sustainable agricultural techniques is medium with a low tendency. Among the socio-economic variables, the level of education and occupation were the most important factors influencing the knowledge of a farmer-producer of potato with sustainable agricultural techniques in the studied area. The significant differences occurred between knowledge about potato cultivation for sustainable agricultural techniques according to variables in categories (age, level of education and profession). Only three independent variables had a significant link to the adoption of innovation in agriculture: source of income, level of education and occupation.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81061809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Celem prezentowanych badań była ocena początkowego tempa wzrostu wybranych 5 gatunków traw, w celu określenia ich przydatności do szybkiego i skutecznego zadarniania przydrożnych skarp w dwóch terminach wysiewu, (wiosenny i późnojesienny). Badania przeprowadzono na skarpie usytuowanej wzdłuż drogi krajowej S17. Pomiary długości korzeni i wysokości siewek każdego gatunku wykonano w 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 i 60. dniu od daty siewu. Wykazano, że w warunkach prowadzenia doświadczenia gatunki traw różnią się tempem początkowego wzrostu. Terminy siewu miały istotny wpływ na tempo wydłużania korzeni i wzrostu siewek badanych gatunków traw, bowiem na obiektach z późnojesiennym terminem siewu wszystkie gatunki i odmiany charakteryzowały się najkrótszymi korzeniami i najniższymi siewkami. W obu terminach siewu, niezależnie od roku prowadzenia doświadczeń, siewki L. perenne charakteryzowały się najdłuższymi korzeniami i najwyższymi siewkami w porównaniu z pozostałymi gatunkami. Z kolei siewki P. pratensis w obu powtórzeniach charakteryzowały się najkrótszymi korzeniami i najniższymi siewkami w porównaniu z pozostałymi gatunkami.
{"title":"The influence of sowing date on initial growth and development of selected lawn varieties of Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra, Festuca ovina, Lolium perenne and Poa pratensis on a roadside bank","authors":"A. Gawryluk","doi":"10.24326/as.2019.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2019.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Celem prezentowanych badań była ocena początkowego tempa wzrostu wybranych 5 gatunków traw, w celu określenia ich przydatności do szybkiego i skutecznego zadarniania przydrożnych skarp w dwóch terminach wysiewu, (wiosenny i późnojesienny). Badania przeprowadzono na skarpie usytuowanej wzdłuż drogi krajowej S17. Pomiary długości korzeni i wysokości siewek każdego gatunku wykonano w 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 i 60. dniu od daty siewu. Wykazano, że w warunkach prowadzenia doświadczenia gatunki traw różnią się tempem początkowego wzrostu. Terminy siewu miały istotny wpływ na tempo wydłużania korzeni i wzrostu siewek badanych gatunków traw, bowiem na obiektach z późnojesiennym terminem siewu wszystkie gatunki i odmiany charakteryzowały się najkrótszymi korzeniami i najniższymi siewkami. W obu terminach siewu, niezależnie od roku prowadzenia doświadczeń, siewki L. perenne charakteryzowały się najdłuższymi korzeniami i najwyższymi siewkami w porównaniu z pozostałymi gatunkami. Z kolei siewki P. pratensis w obu powtórzeniach charakteryzowały się najkrótszymi korzeniami i najniższymi siewkami w porównaniu z pozostałymi gatunkami.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"1 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78384426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the years 2016–2018, two field experiments with species Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby named Virginia fanpetals (syn. Virginia mallow) later in the manuscript as Sida, were carried out in the Świętokrzyskie province. They were located on light soil prone to drought. The experiments were established in a set of randomized blocks in triplicate. The results were statistically analyzed and significance of differences was assessed by Tukey’s test. In the first experiment, the influence of sowing dates (beginning, half, end of May) and fertilization before sowing (NPK: 20, 20, 40 kg∙ha–1 and control without fertilization) on the development of plants in the first growing year, were examined. In the second experiment, development and yielding of Sida after using three different propagation materials (seedling, root cuttings and seed sowing) in the first three years of cultivation, were compared. The test results clearly showed beneficial effect of pre-sowing fertilization compared to the control (without fertilization). From three May sowing dates, in three years on average, sowing in the middle of this month turned out to be the best. On the light soil prone to drought, the best conditions for growth and yield were provided by seedling and root cuttings, the least favorable – sowing seeds. The average heat of combustion was determined as 18.515 MJ∙kg–1.
2016-2018年，在Świętokrzyskie省进行了两项野外实验，实验物种为Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby，后来在手稿中命名为Virginia fanpetals(同Virginia mallow)为Sida。它们位于容易干旱的轻质土壤上。实验建立在一组随机分组中，一式三份。对结果进行统计学分析，采用Tukey检验评估差异的显著性。第一个试验考察了播期(5月初、5月中旬、5月底)和播前施肥(氮磷钾:20、20、40 kg∙ha-1和不施肥对照)对第一生长期植株发育的影响。在第二个试验中，比较了三种不同的繁殖材料(幼苗、插根和种子播种)在栽培前三年的发育和产量。试验结果表明，播前施肥与对照(不施肥)相比效果明显。从3个5月的播种日期来看，平均3年中，在5月中旬播种是最好的。在易发生干旱的轻质土壤上，插秧和插根是最有利于生长和产量的条件，播种是最不利的条件。测定的平均燃烧热为18.515 MJ∙kg-1。
{"title":"Development and yielding of Virginia fanpetals depending on some elements of agricultural practices","authors":"R. Molas, H. Borkowska, D. Skiba","doi":"10.24326/as.2019.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2019.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"In the years 2016–2018, two field experiments with species Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby named Virginia fanpetals (syn. Virginia mallow) later in the manuscript as Sida, were carried out in the Świętokrzyskie province. They were located on light soil prone to drought. The experiments were established in a set of randomized blocks in triplicate. The results were statistically analyzed and significance of differences was assessed by Tukey’s test. In the first experiment, the influence of sowing dates (beginning, half, end of May) and fertilization before sowing (NPK: 20, 20, 40 kg∙ha–1 and control without fertilization) on the development of plants in the first growing year, were examined. In the second experiment, development and yielding of Sida after using three different propagation materials (seedling, root cuttings and seed sowing) in the first three years of cultivation, were compared. The test results clearly showed beneficial effect of pre-sowing fertilization compared to the control (without fertilization). From three May sowing dates, in three years on average, sowing in the middle of this month turned out to be the best. On the light soil prone to drought, the best conditions for growth and yield were provided by seedling and root cuttings, the least favorable – sowing seeds. The average heat of combustion was determined as 18.515 MJ∙kg–1.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75363487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed at determining the effect of macro- and microelements contained in foliar fertilizers on potato productivity of tubers. The field experiment was conducted in 2015–2017 in Uhnin using the random blocks method. The first order factor were 2 cultivars of potatoes, the second order factor were 3 foliar fertilization technologies and standard object − without foliar spraying. Mineral fertilizers were constant. Foliar fertilizers were used in accordance with the recommendation of the producers. Foliar fertilizing has contributed to a significant increase in total and commercial yield. The cultivars determined the majority of potato's economic traits.
{"title":"Foliar fertilization in shaping the potato yield in the conditions of south-eastern Poland","authors":"B. Sawicka, A. H. Noaema","doi":"10.24326/as.2019.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2019.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at determining the effect of macro- and microelements contained in foliar fertilizers on potato productivity of tubers. The field experiment was conducted in 2015–2017 in Uhnin using the random blocks method. The first order factor were 2 cultivars of potatoes, the second order factor were 3 foliar fertilization technologies and standard object − without foliar spraying. Mineral fertilizers were constant. Foliar fertilizers were used in accordance with the recommendation of the producers. Foliar fertilizing has contributed to a significant increase in total and commercial yield. The cultivars determined the majority of potato's economic traits.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76648486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W 1976 r. w Instytucie Genetyki, Hodowli i Biotechnologii Roślin Akademii Rolniczej w Lublinie (obecnie Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego) rozpoczęto prace mające na celu gromadzenie i ocenę kolekcji pszenicy twardej. Ocena obiektów jest prowadzona w 3-letnim cyklu doświadczeń polowych, które po wieloletniej waloryzacji przekazywane są do klimatyzowanej przechowalni IHAR w Radzikowie w celu zabezpieczenia ich żywotności. Badania dotyczą testowania światowych genotypów w warunkach glebowo-klimatycznych naszego kraju. Dotychczas zgromadzono 2072 obiekty jarej pszenicy twardej. Zgromadzone materiały kolekcyjne pochodzą z ponad 40 krajów. Dość znaczną grupę stanowią formy pochodzące z Meksyku, Egiptu, Włoch oraz z krajów byłego Związku Radzieckiego. Zgromadzone genotypy reprezentują ok. 50 różnych odmian botanicznych, największą grupę obiektów stanowią takie odmiany botaniczne, jak: var. leucurum, var. leucomelan oraz var. hordeiforme, które łącznie stanowią ponad 50% zgromadzonej kolekcji pszenicy twardej i są przedmiotem opracowania. Przedstawione wyniki dotyczą średnich wieloletnich ważniejszych cech użytkowych, w tym cech plonotwórczych kłosa oraz oceny polowej. Z badań wynika, że zgromadzone genotypy charakteryzują się dużą zmiennością pod względem omawianych cech. Pomiędzy poszczególnymi cechami plonotwórczymi zachodzą różnego rodzaju korelacje. Genotypy charakteryzujące się dużą masą ziarn z kłosa mają na ogół dużą masę 1000 ziarn, co potwierdzają wysokie współczynniki korelacji, a genotypy o dużej masie 1000 ziarn wykazują mniejszą zawartość białka ogólnego w ziarnie, gdyż korelacja między tymi cechami jest ujemna.
{"title":"Zbiory kolekcyjne pszenicy twardej w polskim banku genów jako źródło materiałów wyjściowych w pracach hodowlano-badawczych","authors":"W. Kociuba, M. Wieremczuk","doi":"10.24326/as.2013.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2013.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"W 1976 r. w Instytucie Genetyki, Hodowli i Biotechnologii Roślin Akademii Rolniczej w Lublinie (obecnie Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego) rozpoczęto prace mające na celu gromadzenie i ocenę kolekcji pszenicy twardej. Ocena obiektów jest prowadzona w 3-letnim cyklu doświadczeń polowych, które po wieloletniej waloryzacji przekazywane są do klimatyzowanej przechowalni IHAR w Radzikowie w celu zabezpieczenia ich żywotności. Badania dotyczą testowania światowych genotypów w warunkach glebowo-klimatycznych naszego kraju. Dotychczas zgromadzono 2072 obiekty jarej pszenicy twardej. Zgromadzone materiały kolekcyjne pochodzą z ponad 40 krajów. Dość znaczną grupę stanowią formy pochodzące z Meksyku, Egiptu, Włoch oraz z krajów byłego Związku Radzieckiego. Zgromadzone genotypy reprezentują ok. 50 różnych odmian botanicznych, największą grupę obiektów stanowią takie odmiany botaniczne, jak: var. leucurum, var. leucomelan oraz var. hordeiforme, które łącznie stanowią ponad 50% zgromadzonej kolekcji pszenicy twardej i są przedmiotem opracowania. Przedstawione wyniki dotyczą średnich wieloletnich ważniejszych cech użytkowych, w tym cech plonotwórczych kłosa oraz oceny polowej. Z badań wynika, że zgromadzone genotypy charakteryzują się dużą zmiennością pod względem omawianych cech. Pomiędzy poszczególnymi cechami plonotwórczymi zachodzą różnego rodzaju korelacje. Genotypy charakteryzujące się dużą masą ziarn z kłosa mają na ogół dużą masę 1000 ziarn, co potwierdzają wysokie współczynniki korelacji, a genotypy o dużej masie 1000 ziarn wykazują mniejszą zawartość białka ogólnego w ziarnie, gdyż korelacja między tymi cechami jest ujemna.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82085080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, the development of new biotechnological methods is necessary to satisfy requirements of market to produce enough good-quality food. Application of novel scientific approaches can be of great importance for improving the quality and quantity of plant crops. However, the most efficient strategies are based on genetic modification, which is still very controversial issue. GMO opponents do not accept the use of genetic engineering in crop improvement and production of new varieties suited for organic agriculture. Major discussion among various scientific and social issues concerns the possibility of existence of unintended effects of GMO both on human and world safety. Political, ethical, and social fears are related mostly to the best known transgenic approach, which is 'transgenesis'. Novel strategies and techniques are therefore required in the development of genetically engineered crops of the future. Nowadays, a new plant breeding technique, called 'cisgenesis' is intensively studied. In this paper, we review the most common strategies for crops improvement and describe cisgenesis as an alternative to transgenesis for safe and eco-friendly agriculture.
{"title":"Cisgenesis as a novel prospect for crop improvement. A review","authors":"K. Dudziak, M. Sozoniuk, K. Kowalczyk, M. Nowak","doi":"10.24326/as.2019.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2019.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the development of new biotechnological methods is necessary to satisfy requirements of market to produce enough good-quality food. Application of novel scientific approaches can be of great importance for improving the quality and quantity of plant crops. However, the most efficient strategies are based on genetic modification, which is still very controversial issue. GMO opponents do not accept the use of genetic engineering in crop improvement and production of new varieties suited for organic agriculture. Major discussion among various scientific and social issues concerns the possibility of existence of unintended effects of GMO both on human and world safety. Political, ethical, and social fears are related mostly to the best known transgenic approach, which is 'transgenesis'. Novel strategies and techniques are therefore required in the development of genetically engineered crops of the future. Nowadays, a new plant breeding technique, called 'cisgenesis' is intensively studied. In this paper, we review the most common strategies for crops improvement and describe cisgenesis as an alternative to transgenesis for safe and eco-friendly agriculture.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82294405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment to assess the use of foliar fertilizers in the integrated crop production of thyme, was carried out in 2012–2013. Foliar fertilization with multicomponent preparations matched to the soil abundance according to the principles of integrated production was used twice: 1) Plonvit Kali (3 kg∙ha); 2) Bormax (1 l∙ha); 3) Alkalin K+Si (2 l∙ha); 4) Kendal (1.5 l∙ha); 5) Fertileader Vital 954 (2.5 l ha). The applied preparations positively influenced the growth of plants and resulted in the increase of the raw material yield – the highest was obtained under the influence of Fertileader V. Under the influence of fertilizers, the content of essential oil in the raw material decreased, however due to higher yields, the oil yield per unit area was greater.
2012-2013年，对百里香作物综合生产中叶面肥料的使用情况进行了田间试验。根据综合生产原则，采用与土壤丰度相匹配的多组分制剂进行叶面施肥2次:1)Plonvit Kali (3 kg∙ha);2) Bormax (1 l∙ha);3)碱K+Si (2 l∙ha);4)肯德尔(1.5 l∙ha);5)施肥剂Vital 954 (2.5 l ha)。施用的制剂对植物的生长有积极的影响，并导致原料产量的增加，其中肥料v的影响最大。在肥料的影响下，原料中精油的含量降低，但由于产量较高，单位面积的油产量也较大。
{"title":"Effectiveness of foliar fertilizers in integrated crop production of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)","authors":"B. Król, A. Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz","doi":"10.24326/as.2019.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2019.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment to assess the use of foliar fertilizers in the integrated crop production of thyme, was carried out in 2012–2013. Foliar fertilization with multicomponent preparations matched to the soil abundance according to the principles of integrated production was used twice: 1) Plonvit Kali (3 kg∙ha); 2) Bormax (1 l∙ha); 3) Alkalin K+Si (2 l∙ha); 4) Kendal (1.5 l∙ha); 5) Fertileader Vital 954 (2.5 l ha). The applied preparations positively influenced the growth of plants and resulted in the increase of the raw material yield – the highest was obtained under the influence of Fertileader V. Under the influence of fertilizers, the content of essential oil in the raw material decreased, however due to higher yields, the oil yield per unit area was greater.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86951247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to assess the competitiveness of farms in new EU member states against the background of the so-called ‘old Union’ countries in the years 2014–2016. The research was carried out using the EU FADN database. As a measure of competitiveness, partial productivity indicators of production factors (land, labor, capital) were adopted. The research has shown the unfavorable competitive position of agricultural holdings in new member states in terms of land and labour productivity. Capital productivity less differentiated the countries studied, and the distance separating them from the EU-15 countries was not as large as in the case of the other two factors of production. The results obtained should be explained, among others, by relatively lower production potential of farms and low investment expenditures. The average value of these outlays per 1 ha of agricultural land in 13 EU countries in the analyzed years was 44% lower than in the EU-15 countries.
{"title":"Competitiveness of farms in new European Union member states","authors":"A. Nowak, A. Krukowski","doi":"10.24326/as.2019.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2019.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to assess the competitiveness of farms in new EU member states against the background of the so-called ‘old Union’ countries in the years 2014–2016. The research was carried out using the EU FADN database. As a measure of competitiveness, partial productivity indicators of production factors (land, labor, capital) were adopted. The research has shown the unfavorable competitive position of agricultural holdings in new member states in terms of land and labour productivity. Capital productivity less differentiated the countries studied, and the distance separating them from the EU-15 countries was not as large as in the case of the other two factors of production. The results obtained should be explained, among others, by relatively lower production potential of farms and low investment expenditures. The average value of these outlays per 1 ha of agricultural land in 13 EU countries in the analyzed years was 44% lower than in the EU-15 countries.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91329987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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