Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100122
Kyle Hofstetter , Gad Licht , Stuart Licht
The discovery, advances, and industrial-scale up of a unique electrochemical decarbonization chemistry, which sequesters carbon dioxide to mitigate the existential threat of planetary climate change, are presented. C2CNT® (CO2 to Carbon NanoTechnology) is the transition metal nucleated electrolytic splitting of CO2 by its transformation into a wide range of Graphene NanoCarbon allotropes, CGNC, CO2 → CGNC + O2, such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-onions. The original 2015 C2CNT 0.0005 m2 electrode process has been scaled to larger than meter-square area electrodes and used in a series of 100 tonne annual CO2 removal industrial Genesis Device modules. The pathway to a further scale-up to a series of 1000 tonne decarbonization placed in series and forming a megaton annual C2CNT decarbonization plant is illustrated.
介绍了一种独特的电化学脱碳化学的发现、进展和工业规模的扩大，这种化学可以隔离二氧化碳，以减轻地球气候变化的生存威胁。C2CNT®（CO2 to Carbon NanoTechnology）是一种过渡金属成核电解分解CO2，将其转化为多种石墨烯纳米碳同素异形体，CGNC, CO2→CGNC + O2，如碳纳米管和碳纳米洋葱。最初的2015 C2CNT 0.0005 m2电极工艺已扩展到大于平方米面积的电极，并用于一系列每年100吨二氧化碳去除工业创世纪设备模块。说明了进一步扩大到一系列1000吨脱碳的途径，这些脱碳系列放置并形成一个百万吨的C2CNT脱碳工厂。
{"title":"Industrial scaling of molten carbonate electrolytic carbon capture and production of graphene allotropes","authors":"Kyle Hofstetter , Gad Licht , Stuart Licht","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discovery, advances, and industrial-scale up of a unique electrochemical decarbonization chemistry, which sequesters carbon dioxide to mitigate the existential threat of planetary climate change, are presented. C2CNT® (CO<sub>2</sub> to <u>C</u>arbon <u>N</u>ano<u>T</u>echnology) is the transition metal nucleated electrolytic splitting of CO<sub>2</sub> by its transformation into a wide range of Graphene NanoCarbon allotropes, C<sub>GNC</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> → C<sub>GNC</sub> + O<sub>2,</sub> such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-onions. The original 2015 C2CNT 0.0005 m<sup>2</sup> electrode process has been scaled to larger than meter-square area electrodes and used in a series of 100 tonne annual CO<sub>2</sub> removal industrial Genesis Device modules. The pathway to a further scale-up to a series of 1000 tonne decarbonization placed in series and forming a megaton annual C2CNT decarbonization plant is illustrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100120
Manjing Wang , Daofu Wu , Xiaosheng Tang
Solar energy-powered photocatalytic processes represent a promising avenue for sustainable energy and chemical production. Among these, lead-free halide perovskites (LFHPs) have garnered attention as a next-generation class of photocatalysts for CO2 reduction, offering the advantages of high light absorption and low toxicity. However, the practical application of LFHPs remains constrained by limited catalytic activity and poor product selectivity. This review discusses the advancements in strategies to enhance the catalytic efficiency of LFHPs, such as compositional engineering, surface passivation, and heterostructure formation. These approaches aim to optimize charge carrier dynamics, reduce recombination rates, and improve stability under reaction conditions. Emphasis is also placed on methods to control product selectivity, including tailored reaction environments, co-catalyst integration, and fine-tuning electronic band structures. The discussion extends to key challenges such as material stability under photocatalytic conditions, scalability for industrial applications, and a deeper understanding of reaction mechanisms at the molecular level. Finally, future prospects highlight the critical role of LFHPs in achieving efficient, scalable, and eco-friendly solar-driven chemical synthesis, highlighting their potential to reshape the landscape of sustainable photocatalysis.
{"title":"Optimizing lead-free halide perovskites: Strategies for enhanced performance and selectivity in photocatalytic CO2 reduction","authors":"Manjing Wang , Daofu Wu , Xiaosheng Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar energy-powered photocatalytic processes represent a promising avenue for sustainable energy and chemical production. Among these, lead-free halide perovskites (LFHPs) have garnered attention as a next-generation class of photocatalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, offering the advantages of high light absorption and low toxicity. However, the practical application of LFHPs remains constrained by limited catalytic activity and poor product selectivity. This review discusses the advancements in strategies to enhance the catalytic efficiency of LFHPs, such as compositional engineering, surface passivation, and heterostructure formation. These approaches aim to optimize charge carrier dynamics, reduce recombination rates, and improve stability under reaction conditions. Emphasis is also placed on methods to control product selectivity, including tailored reaction environments, co-catalyst integration, and fine-tuning electronic band structures. The discussion extends to key challenges such as material stability under photocatalytic conditions, scalability for industrial applications, and a deeper understanding of reaction mechanisms at the molecular level. Finally, future prospects highlight the critical role of LFHPs in achieving efficient, scalable, and eco-friendly solar-driven chemical synthesis, highlighting their potential to reshape the landscape of sustainable photocatalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100112
Zhao Li , Xinde Wei , Zhaozhao Zhu , Wu Jiang , Yangwu Hou , Rui Yuan , Yan Wang , Dong Xie , Junjie Wang , Yingxi Lin , Rui Wu , Qingquan Kong , Jun Song Chen
Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is one of the very effective ways to achieve carbon neutrality, by converting CO2 into fuels and high-value chemicals. Therefore, it is crucial to design efficient CO2 reduction electrocatalysts and understand their reaction mechanism. Among various catalysts, dual-atom catalysts (DACs) offer several advantages, including a wide range of reaction types, high stability, customizable design, high reaction selectivity, tunable electronic structure, and strong catalytic activity. It is thus crucial to understand the reaction mechanism of DACs in CO2 reduction, especially the regulation of critical intermediates. In this review, we focus on the synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and application of DACs. Finally, some challenges and further prospects are also summarized, especially in terms of stability, product selectivity, and large-scale deployment. With the advancement of new materials and computational tools, DACs are poised to play increasingly important roles in CO2 reduction, providing effective solutions for sustainable energy and environmental protection.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterizations, and structure-activity relationship of dual-atom catalysts for CO2 electroreduction","authors":"Zhao Li , Xinde Wei , Zhaozhao Zhu , Wu Jiang , Yangwu Hou , Rui Yuan , Yan Wang , Dong Xie , Junjie Wang , Yingxi Lin , Rui Wu , Qingquan Kong , Jun Song Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is one of the very effective ways to achieve carbon neutrality, by converting CO<sub>2</sub> into fuels and high-value chemicals. Therefore, it is crucial to design efficient CO<sub>2</sub> reduction electrocatalysts and understand their reaction mechanism. Among various catalysts, dual-atom catalysts (DACs) offer several advantages, including a wide range of reaction types, high stability, customizable design, high reaction selectivity, tunable electronic structure, and strong catalytic activity. It is thus crucial to understand the reaction mechanism of DACs in CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, especially the regulation of critical intermediates. In this review, we focus on the synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and application of DACs. Finally, some challenges and further prospects are also summarized, especially in terms of stability, product selectivity, and large-scale deployment. With the advancement of new materials and computational tools, DACs are poised to play increasingly important roles in CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, providing effective solutions for sustainable energy and environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-29DOI: 10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100111
Feng Hong , Yanan Qi , Zuodong Yang , Lijun Yu , Xiaoguang Guan , Jiangyong Diao , Bo Sun , Hongyang Liu
The increasingly serious climate issue compels urgent greenhouse gas mitigation strategies. As a budget, plentiful, renewable feedstock and major contributor to global warming, the large-scale catalytic transformation of CO2 has attracted widespread attention from society due to its potential as a solution to the environment and energy crises. At present, catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to organic chemicals is the primary approach in its industrial applications. In recent decades, various materials containing Cu-, precious metal-, In-, Zn-, and Ga-based catalysts have been designed for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Likewise, great advances have been made in CO2-to-chemicals, such as olefins, aromatics, and gasoline by combining CO2-to-CH3OH with methanol transformation or tandem reaction of reverse water-gas shift and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. This review exhibits the recent advances in the hydrogenation of CO2-to-CH3OH including the catalyst system, CO2 activation, nature of active sites, intermediate species (formate or carboxyl), structure-activity relationship, and reaction mechanism. Finally, challenges and outlooks in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol are summarized.
{"title":"Recent advances of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","authors":"Feng Hong , Yanan Qi , Zuodong Yang , Lijun Yu , Xiaoguang Guan , Jiangyong Diao , Bo Sun , Hongyang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasingly serious climate issue compels urgent greenhouse gas mitigation strategies. As a budget, plentiful, renewable feedstock and major contributor to global warming, the large-scale catalytic transformation of CO<sub>2</sub> has attracted widespread attention from society due to its potential as a solution to the environment and energy crises. At present, catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to organic chemicals is the primary approach in its industrial applications. In recent decades, various materials containing Cu-, precious metal-, In-, Zn-, and Ga-based catalysts have been designed for CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation to methanol. Likewise, great advances have been made in CO<sub>2</sub>-to-chemicals, such as olefins, aromatics, and gasoline by combining CO<sub>2</sub>-to-CH<sub>3</sub>OH with methanol transformation or tandem reaction of reverse water-gas shift and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. This review exhibits the recent advances in the hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub>-to-CH<sub>3</sub>OH including the catalyst system, CO<sub>2</sub> activation, nature of active sites, intermediate species (formate or carboxyl), structure-activity relationship, and reaction mechanism. Finally, challenges and outlooks in CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation to methanol are summarized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-entropy materials (HEMs), which are typically composed of five or more elements in near-equimolar ratios with concentrations ranging from 5 % to 35 %, have distinct elemental compositions and geometric properties that allow for the development of advanced electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion systems. The high-entropy effect, crystal dislocations, cocktail effect, and slow diffusion in high-entropy layered double hydroxides (HE-LDHs) and amorphous materials (HE-AMs) have all been shown to boost electrocatalytic water oxidation performance significantly. These materials exhibit remarkable activity and stability in both alkaline and acidic conditions. HE-AMs, in particular, benefit from a variety of defects, including coordinatively unsaturated sites and loosely connected atoms, which are critical to their improved catalytic capabilities. HEMs engineering and precise nanostructure control can address the low intrinsic activity, restricted active sites, and poor conductivity of binary and ternary amorphous and LDH catalysts. This study discusses current advances in HE-LDHs and HE-AMs for water electrolysis, including synthesis methods, structural features, active site identification by DFT calculations, and their applications in water electrocatalysis. The presentation also covers potential problems and future directions for developing these materials in energy conversion device systems.
{"title":"The recent progress of high-entropy layered double hydroxides and high-entropy amorphous materials for water electrocatalysis","authors":"Tadele Hunde Wondimu , Zuo Yong , Akeel A. Shah , Puiki Leung , Yilkal Dessie , Filimon Hadish Abraha , Cristina Flox , Qiang Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy materials (HEMs), which are typically composed of five or more elements in near-equimolar ratios with concentrations ranging from 5 % to 35 %, have distinct elemental compositions and geometric properties that allow for the development of advanced electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion systems. The high-entropy effect, crystal dislocations, cocktail effect, and slow diffusion in high-entropy layered double hydroxides (HE-LDHs) and amorphous materials (HE-AMs) have all been shown to boost electrocatalytic water oxidation performance significantly. These materials exhibit remarkable activity and stability in both alkaline and acidic conditions. HE-AMs, in particular, benefit from a variety of defects, including coordinatively unsaturated sites and loosely connected atoms, which are critical to their improved catalytic capabilities. HEMs engineering and precise nanostructure control can address the low intrinsic activity, restricted active sites, and poor conductivity of binary and ternary amorphous and LDH catalysts. This study discusses current advances in HE-LDHs and HE-AMs for water electrolysis, including synthesis methods, structural features, active site identification by DFT calculations, and their applications in water electrocatalysis. The presentation also covers potential problems and future directions for developing these materials in energy conversion device systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To address the issues of the greenhouse effect and energy dilemma, it is a global hot topic on converting CO2 to valuable chemicals and useable fuels. In this review, firstly, we shortly summarize different CO2 conversion methods including thermal catalysis, biocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and plasma catalysis. Then, a comprehensive overview of the currently explored plasma driven CO2 conversion is presented, such as microwave discharge plasma, gliding arc discharge plasma, radiofrequency inductively coupled plasma, and dielectric barrier discharge plasma, with an emphasis on their experimental setups, achievements and limitations. Furthermore, the activation of CO2 conversion via the synergistic effect between the plasma and photocatalyst is discussed in detail. Finally, the associated challenges and future development trends for plasma catalytic CO2 conversion are briefly concluded.
{"title":"Progress and future of CO2 conversion based on plasma catalysis","authors":"Lefei Cao, Fei Qi, Nan Zhang, Yayun Pu, Xiaosheng Tang, Qiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the issues of the greenhouse effect and energy dilemma, it is a global hot topic on converting CO<sub>2</sub> to valuable chemicals and useable fuels. In this review, firstly, we shortly summarize different CO<sub>2</sub> conversion methods including thermal catalysis, biocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and plasma catalysis. Then, a comprehensive overview of the currently explored plasma driven CO<sub>2</sub> conversion is presented, such as microwave discharge plasma, gliding arc discharge plasma, radiofrequency inductively coupled plasma, and dielectric barrier discharge plasma, with an emphasis on their experimental setups, achievements and limitations. Furthermore, the activation of CO<sub>2</sub> conversion via the synergistic effect between the plasma and photocatalyst is discussed in detail. Finally, the associated challenges and future development trends for plasma catalytic CO<sub>2</sub> conversion are briefly concluded.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100108
Chao Wu , Ying Tang , Anqi Zou , Junhua Li , Haoyan Meng , Feng Gao , Jiagang Wu , Xiaopeng Wang
Developing highly active and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive OER catalyst database. However, the absence of a standardized benchmarking protocol has hindered this progress. In this work, we present a systematic protocol for electrochemical measurements to thoroughly evaluate the activity and stability of OER electrocatalysts. We begin with a detailed introduction to constructing the electrochemical system, encompassing experimental setup and the selection criteria for electrodes and electrolytes. Potential contaminants originating from electrolytes, cells, and electrodes are identified and their impacts are discussed. We also examine the effects of external factors, such as temperature, magnetic fields, and natural light, on OER measurements. The protocol outlines operational mechanisms and recommended settings for various electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS), Tafel slope analysis, and pulse voltammetry (PV). We summarize existing evaluation methodologies for assessing intrinsic activities and long-term stabilities of catalysts. Based on these discussions, we propose a comprehensive protocol for evaluating OER electrocatalysts’ performance. Finally, we offer perspectives on advancing OER catalysts from laboratory research to industrial applications.
{"title":"Recommended electrochemical measurement protocol for oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Chao Wu , Ying Tang , Anqi Zou , Junhua Li , Haoyan Meng , Feng Gao , Jiagang Wu , Xiaopeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing highly active and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive OER catalyst database. However, the absence of a standardized benchmarking protocol has hindered this progress. In this work, we present a systematic protocol for electrochemical measurements to thoroughly evaluate the activity and stability of OER electrocatalysts. We begin with a detailed introduction to constructing the electrochemical system, encompassing experimental setup and the selection criteria for electrodes and electrolytes. Potential contaminants originating from electrolytes, cells, and electrodes are identified and their impacts are discussed. We also examine the effects of external factors, such as temperature, magnetic fields, and natural light, on OER measurements. The protocol outlines operational mechanisms and recommended settings for various electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS), Tafel slope analysis, and pulse voltammetry (PV). We summarize existing evaluation methodologies for assessing intrinsic activities and long-term stabilities of catalysts. Based on these discussions, we propose a comprehensive protocol for evaluating OER electrocatalysts’ performance. Finally, we offer perspectives on advancing OER catalysts from laboratory research to industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100107
Zhijie Wang , Cheng Gong , Cong Zhang , Chenxu Zhao , Tzu-Sen Su , Haiyun Li , Hong Zhang
Through strategies such as process optimization, solvent selection, and component tuning, the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled, enabling perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to achieve over 25 % power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, as PCE continues to improve, interfacial issues within the devices have emerged as critical bottlenecks, hindering further performance enhancements. Recently, interfacial engineering has driven transformative progress, pushing PCEs to nearly 27 %. Building upon these developments, this review first summarizes the pivotal role of interfacial modifications in elevating device performance and then, as a starting point, provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in normal, inverted, and tandem structure devices. Finally, based on the current progress of PSCs, preliminary perspectives on future directions are presented.
{"title":"Recent advances in interfacial engineering for high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaics","authors":"Zhijie Wang , Cheng Gong , Cong Zhang , Chenxu Zhao , Tzu-Sen Su , Haiyun Li , Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Through strategies such as process optimization, solvent selection, and component tuning, the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled, enabling perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to achieve over 25 % power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, as PCE continues to improve, interfacial issues within the devices have emerged as critical bottlenecks, hindering further performance enhancements. Recently, interfacial engineering has driven transformative progress, pushing PCEs to nearly 27 %. Building upon these developments, this review first summarizes the pivotal role of interfacial modifications in elevating device performance and then, as a starting point, provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in normal, inverted, and tandem structure devices. Finally, based on the current progress of PSCs, preliminary perspectives on future directions are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100106
Guoqing Zhao, Zhen Deng, Gengping Wan, Jinchuan Zhao, Guizhen Wang
Novel and promising chloride ion batteries (CIBs) that can operate at room temperature have attracted great attentions, due to the sustainable chloride-containing resources and high theoretical energy density. To achieve the superior electrochemical properties of CIBs, the structure design of electrode materials is essential. Herein, 2D NiAl-layered double hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) nanoarrays derived from Al2O3 are in-situ grafted to graphene (G) by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and hydrothermal method. The achieved NiAl-LDH@G hybrids with 2D NiAl-LDH arrays grown perpendicularly on graphene surface, can efficiently prevent the stacking of LDHs and enlarge specific surface area to provide more active sites. The NiAl-LDH@G cathode exhibits a maximum discharge capacity of 223.3 mA h g−1 and an excellent reversible capacity of 107 mA h g−1 over 500 cycles at 100 mA g−1 with a high coulombic efficiency around 96 %, whereas pure NiAl-LDH has a discharge capacity of only 48.8 mA h g−1 and a coulombic efficiency (CE) of about 78 %. More importantly, the NiAl-LDH@G electrode has a stable voltage at 1.9 V and an outstanding discharge capacity of higher than 72 mA h g−1 after 120 days. Additionally, XRD, XPS, and EDS have been employed to unveil the electrochemical reaction and Cl− storage mechanism of the NiAl-LDH@G cathode in CIBs. This work opens a facile and reasonable way for improving electrochemical performance at anion-type rechargeable batteries in terms of cathode material design and mechanism interpretation.
室温下工作的新型氯离子电池因其具有可持续性的含氯资源和较高的理论能量密度而备受关注。为了获得优异的电化学性能，电极材料的结构设计至关重要。本文采用原子层沉积（ALD）和水热法将由Al2O3衍生的二维nial层双氢氧化物（NiAl-LDH）纳米阵列原位接枝到石墨烯(G)上。在石墨烯表面垂直生长的二维NiAl-LDH阵列NiAl-LDH@G杂化体可以有效地防止ldh的堆积，扩大比表面积，提供更多的活性位点。NiAl-LDH@G阴极的最大放电容量为223.3 mA h g−1，在100 mA g−1下循环500次，可逆容量为107 mA h g−1，库仑效率约为96%，而纯NiAl-LDH的放电容量仅为48.8 mA h g−1，库仑效率（CE）约为78%。更重要的是，NiAl-LDH@G电极的电压稳定在1.9 V，放电120天后的放电容量高于72 mA h g−1。此外，利用XRD、XPS和EDS揭示了NiAl-LDH@G阴极在cib中的电化学反应和Cl−储存机理。本研究从正极材料设计和机理解释两方面为提高阴离子型可充电电池的电化学性能开辟了一条简单合理的途径。
{"title":"Array structured NiAl-layered double hydroxides grown on graphene by atomic layer deposition as chloride-ion battery cathode","authors":"Guoqing Zhao, Zhen Deng, Gengping Wan, Jinchuan Zhao, Guizhen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel and promising chloride ion batteries (CIBs) that can operate at room temperature have attracted great attentions, due to the sustainable chloride-containing resources and high theoretical energy density. To achieve the superior electrochemical properties of CIBs, the structure design of electrode materials is essential. Herein, 2D NiAl-layered double hydroxide (NiAl-LDH) nanoarrays derived from Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> are in-situ grafted to graphene (G) by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and hydrothermal method. The achieved NiAl-LDH@G hybrids with 2D NiAl-LDH arrays grown perpendicularly on graphene surface, can efficiently prevent the stacking of LDHs and enlarge specific surface area to provide more active sites. The NiAl-LDH@G cathode exhibits a maximum discharge capacity of 223.3 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> and an excellent reversible capacity of 107 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> over 500 cycles at 100 mA g<sup>−1</sup> with a high coulombic efficiency around 96 %, whereas pure NiAl-LDH has a discharge capacity of only 48.8 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> and a coulombic efficiency (CE) of about 78 %. More importantly, the NiAl-LDH@G electrode has a stable voltage at 1.9 V and an outstanding discharge capacity of higher than 72 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> after 120 days. Additionally, XRD, XPS, and EDS have been employed to unveil the electrochemical reaction and Cl<sup>−</sup> storage mechanism of the NiAl-LDH@G cathode in CIBs. This work opens a facile and reasonable way for improving electrochemical performance at anion-type rechargeable batteries in terms of cathode material design and mechanism interpretation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100098
Hongling Guan , Shiqiang Fu , Weiqing Chen , Weijun Ke , Guojia Fang , Wenlin Feng
Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained remarkable interest owing to their latent applications in tandem solar cells (TSCs). Among them, four-terminal (4T) all-perovskite TSCs have received extensive attention as its do without need to consider current matching, surface roughness, and fabrication processes. However, low open-circuit voltage (VOC) and efficiency of WBG PSCs obstacles their applications in 4T all-perovskite TSCs. Hence, this review firstly discussed the optimizing strategy in perovskite materials layer and properties. Specifically, we assessed the effect of composition, additive and interface engineering on the efficiency and VOC of WBG PSCs. Secondly, the demonstrated applications of different passivation layers designing for intensifying the efficiency of WBG PSCs and 4T all-perovskite TSCs is discussed. Finally, we put forward three specific approaches for future research, in our view, which would offer appropriate guidance for the exploitation of highly efficient and stable 4T all-perovskite TSCs.
{"title":"Challenges and perspectives toward wide-bandgap perovskite subcell in four-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells","authors":"Hongling Guan , Shiqiang Fu , Weiqing Chen , Weijun Ke , Guojia Fang , Wenlin Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained remarkable interest owing to their latent applications in tandem solar cells (TSCs). Among them, four-terminal (4T) all-perovskite TSCs have received extensive attention as its do without need to consider current matching, surface roughness, and fabrication processes. However, low open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em><sub>OC</sub>) and efficiency of WBG PSCs obstacles their applications in 4T all-perovskite TSCs. Hence, this review firstly discussed the optimizing strategy in perovskite materials layer and properties. Specifically, we assessed the effect of composition, additive and interface engineering on the efficiency and <em>V</em><sub>OC</sub> of WBG PSCs. Secondly, the demonstrated applications of different passivation layers designing for intensifying the efficiency of WBG PSCs and 4T all-perovskite TSCs is discussed. Finally, we put forward three specific approaches for future research, in our view, which would offer appropriate guidance for the exploitation of highly efficient and stable 4T all-perovskite TSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143211942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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