EFSA Supporting Publications最新文献

This document provides the conclusions of the pest survey card that was prepared in the context of the EFSA mandate on plant pest surveillance (M-2020-0114) at the request of the European Commission. The full pest survey card for non-EU Cronartium spp. is published and available online in the EFSA Pest Survey Card gallery at the following link and will be updated whenever new information becomes available: https://efsa.europa.eu/plants/planthealth/monitoring/surveillance/non-eu-cronartium

The project Xvectors.pt: Biology of xylem-sap feeding insect vectors and potential vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Portugal (GP/EFSA/PLANTS/2021/07) was established to address major knowledge gaps on insect vectors of X. fastidiosa in Portugal. From 2023 to 2024, the seasonal phenology, abundance and host-plant associations of Aphrophoridae were investigated. Nymphs were surveyed every 10 days from February to May in olive orchards (Alentejo, Lisbon, Bragança), cork oak understory (Lisbon, Bragança), and semi-natural habitats (Porto), while adults were monitored year-round across the same agroecosystems. Experimental populations of Philaenus spumarius were established in microcosms in Bragança and Porto (2023–2025). Additionally, field-collected vectors from Porto's demarcated area were tested for X. fastidiosa. Nymphs of Philaenus sp. were detected at all sites in both years. Neophilaenus sp. was widespread in 2023 but, in 2024, restricted to olive orchards in Alentejo and Bragança and absent from Porto semi-natural habitat. Emergence began earliest in Lisbon and latest in Bragança; Porto exhibited the shortest nymphal window yet the highest Philaenus sp. density in 2023. Host-plant diversity increased from 105 species in 2023 to 120 in 2024, dominated by Asteraceae. Neophilaenus was strongly associated with Poaceae (especially Dactylis glomerata), whereas Philaenus mainly present in Asteraceae but was occasionally recorded on Olea europaea and Quercus suber in Lisbon. Adults of Philaenus sp. were recorded across all agroecosystems, with herbaceous ground cover consistently hosting higher abundances than canopy or shrub strata. Neophilaenus campestris adults were primarily found in olive orchards of Alentejo and Bragança, with sporadic captures in Lisbon and Bragança cork oak sites. Seasonal activity varied geographically, being more prolonged in Alentejo and Porto and more concentrated in Lisbon and Bragança. Microcosm studies revealed staggered development in Bragança versus faster, synchronous emergence in Porto. In Porto's demarcated area, X. fastidiosa was detected in P. spumarius but not in N. campestris or Cicadella viridis, and seventeen host plants were confirmed infected. To support fieldwork, an ODK-based mobile application and WebGIS platform were deployed, enabling standardized data collection, centralized storage, and near-real-time visualization. Additionally, a strong dissemination programme complemented these activities, with workshops, courses, and training sessions for technicians, farmers, students, and the public, combining theoretical and practical components.

This document provides the conclusions of the pest survey card that was prepared in the context of the EFSA mandate on plant pest surveillance (M-2020-0114) at the request of the European Commission. The full pest survey card for Phyllosticta solitaria is published and available online in the EFSA Pest Survey Card gallery at the following link and will be updated whenever new information becomes available: https://efsa.europa.eu/plants/planthealth/monitoring/surveillance/phyllosticta-solitaria

To search for evidence of micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) release during the uses of food contact materials (FCM), a structured literature review was carried out on studies published between 2015 and 20^th January 2025. It identified 1711 publications of which 122 were selected for data extraction. Eight additional publications were added to provide more context. Most studies concern microplastics, while data on nanoplastics are almost entirely absent. Most publications use water or aqueous food simulants as FCM contact medium for suspension and subsequent isolation of released MNP. Foods other than mineral water were tested in only few cases. Despite the large number of publications investigating the release of MNP from FCM, the available evidence concerning the characteristics and quantities of released MNP from FCM remains limited. Many publications are affected by methodological shortcomings in test conditions, in sample preparation, and by deficiencies in the reliability of analytical data, with the consequence of frequent misidentification and miscounting. Based on the findings on release mechanisms, contaminations, mimicking substances, particle numbers and masses generated during the use of FCMs, it is concluded that (i) there is evidence of microplastics released during the uses of FCM, (ii) this release is due to mechanical stress, such as abrasion or friction, or due to materials with open or fibrous structures, (iii) despite the uncertainties, the actual release is much lower than the results presented in many publications. In view of all this, there is no sufficient basis at this stage to estimate MNP exposure from FCM during their uses. This review identifies methodological shortcomings and data gaps, and makes recommendations on related future research needs.

In specific contract No 4 issued under the framework agreement OC/EFSA/MESE/2023/03, EFSA requested Open Analytics NV to reproduce the Salmonella chapter from the European Union One Health – Zoonoses Report Union Summary Report in R Markdown and implement a web application to manage the R Markdown chapters and generate a Word report from it. The R Markdown is parametrized, tables and figures have been reproduced where applicable. The online tool is based on the R package rmdUI, developed by Open Analytics NV. This package allows users to create versions of the report, load chapters in the online tool, edit (text) paragraphs and finally export the full report to a Word document. Additionally, the online tool provides functions to run a quick data validation when uploading new datafiles in an admin tab with restricted access.

In specific contract No 2 issued under the framework agreement OC/EFSA/MESE/2023/03, EFSA requested Open Analytics NV to reproduce the European Union Summary Report on TSE surveillance (TSE report) in R Markdown and implement a web application to manage the R Markdown chapters and generate a Word report from it. The R Markdown is parametrized, tables and figures have been reproduced where applicable. The online tool is based on the R package rmdUI, developed by Open Analytics NV. This package allows users to create versions of the report, load chapters in the online tool, edit (text) paragraphs and finally export the full report to a Word document. Additionally, the online tool provides functions to run a data validation. As well as a tab for admin users to upload/download the raw and derived data.

Analysis and mapping of national data flows and processes relevant to EFSA's business data collections is a long-standing EFSA objective, originally launched with EFSA's SIGMA project in 2018-2019 and further continued with the launch of a focused activity to “Develop, pilot and document a methodology for the data flow mapping and analysis in the European Member States” in 2023. The aim of latter activity is to apply a generic methodology for the analysis of any business data collection at Member State level with the ultimate purpose for countries and EFSA to increase understanding of data flows at national level, where existing challenges rely on and what common solutions could be implemented. This report presents results from the execution of the aforementioned methodology on Croatia for the analysis of national data flows which contribute data to Pesticides Residues business data collection. The report contains information on the steps, participant organizations and actors, tools, systems, formats, structural and content metadata, as well as challenges and “pain points” identified in the country's internal data flows related to the collection of selected data. The presented information has been generated based on the responses submitted by the participating Member State to a survey developed in the context of the data flow mapping and analysis methodology as well as relevant discussions held in a post-survey interview with the country. Though the information presented on the current report represents real-world data, it must be clarified that the survey and the follow-up interview with the MS, have been both performed during the activity of the Data Flow Mapping methodology.

Analysis and mapping of national data flows and processes relevant to EFSA's business data collections is a long-standing EFSA objective, originally launched with EFSA's SIGMA project in 2018-2019 and further continued with the launch of a focused activity to “Develop, pilot and document a methodology for the data flow mapping and analysis in the European Member States” in 2023. The aim of latter activity is to apply a generic methodology for the analysis of any business data collection at Member State level with the ultimate purpose for countries and EFSA to increase understanding of data flows at national level, where existing challenges rely on and what common solutions could be implemented. This report presents results from the execution of the aforementioned methodology on Norway for the analysis of national data flows which contribute data to Prevalence of Zoonoses and Pathogens business data collection. The report contains information on the steps, participant organizations and actors, tools, systems, formats, structural and content metadata, as well as challenges and “pain points” identified in the country's internal data flows related to the collection of the selected data. The presented information has been generated based on the responses submitted by the participating Member State to a survey developed in the context of the data flow mapping and analysis methodology as well as relevant discussions held in a post-survey interview with the country. Though the information presented on the current report represents real-world data, it must be clarified that the survey and the follow-up interview with the MS, have been both performed during the activity of the Data Flow Mapping methodology.