Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2026.01.009
Jiachen Liu , Qingjian Meng , Huina Gao , Xuefang Liang , Zelin Li , Christopher J. Martyniuk
As a widely used synthetic phenolic antioxidant (SPA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has been frequently detected in aquatic ecosystem. In organisms, BHT undergoes species-dependent biotransformation which can influence its toxicity. Despite data on its metabolism in mammals, tissue-specific distribution and bioaccumulation of BHT and its metabolites in fish remain unclear. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to 0.1 and 1 μM BHT for 21 days, followed by a 7-day depuration. BHT was rapidly degraded more than 50% within one day in the exposure solution, and BHT-OH was identified as the most abundant metabolite excreted from zebrafish. The highest concentration of BHT were observed in the liver and ovary with kinetic bioconcentration factors (BCFk) over 2000 L/kg. However, the depuration half-life of BHT in different tissues was relatively short, ranging from 0.89 to 3.15 days. In contrast to the bioconcentration pattern of BHT, its metabolites were preferentially distributed in plasma due to their higher affinity to apolipoprotein A-I. BHT-CHO and BHT-Q were the dominant metabolites that readily accumulated in liver and brain, while BHT-COOH tended to deposit in the brain and ovary at high dose (1 μM) group. Compared with BHT, these toxic metabolites have a higher persistent potential in biological tissues. Our findings underscore the significance of considering the biotransformation in the toxic assessment of BHT congeners.
{"title":"Tissue distribution, accumulation, and biotransformation of butylated hydroxytoluene in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Jiachen Liu , Qingjian Meng , Huina Gao , Xuefang Liang , Zelin Li , Christopher J. Martyniuk","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2026.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2026.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a widely used synthetic phenolic antioxidant (SPA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has been frequently detected in aquatic ecosystem. In organisms, BHT undergoes species-dependent biotransformation which can influence its toxicity. Despite data on its metabolism in mammals, tissue-specific distribution and bioaccumulation of BHT and its metabolites in fish remain unclear. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to 0.1 and 1 μM BHT for 21 days, followed by a 7-day depuration. BHT was rapidly degraded more than 50% within one day in the exposure solution, and BHT-OH was identified as the most abundant metabolite excreted from zebrafish. The highest concentration of BHT were observed in the liver and ovary with kinetic bioconcentration factors (BCF<sub>k</sub>) over 2000 L/kg. However, the depuration half-life of BHT in different tissues was relatively short, ranging from 0.89 to 3.15 days. In contrast to the bioconcentration pattern of BHT, its metabolites were preferentially distributed in plasma due to their higher affinity to apolipoprotein A-I. BHT-CHO and BHT-Q were the dominant metabolites that readily accumulated in liver and brain, while BHT-COOH tended to deposit in the brain and ovary at high dose (1 μM) group. Compared with BHT, these toxic metabolites have a higher persistent potential in biological tissues. Our findings underscore the significance of considering the biotransformation in the toxic assessment of BHT congeners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 1148-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2026.01.004
Yuanqin Gao , Bingcai Xiong , Xiaoyu Huang , Xingyue Sun , Hongxia Du , Ming Ma , Feng Luo
Gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) poses significant risks to ecosystems due to its high volatility and bioavailability. However, it remains largely unknown how the endophytes of Tillandsia usneoides (Spanish moss), a biological indicator responds to Hg0. In this study, after 14 days of exposure to the vapor from 0.22 mL of liquid Hg0, T. usneoides accumulated a markedly elevated Hg content of 164, 900 ± 28, 900 μg kg−1. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS genes revealed that Hg0 exposure significantly reduced the α-diversity of endophytic bacteria and altered the β-diversity of both bacterial and fungal communities. Under Hg0 stress, taxonomic shifts included increased relative abundances of Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Acidiella. Functional predictions further indicated upregulated expression of key enzymes involved in Hg detoxification and antioxidant defense, such as mercuric reductase (MerA), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). From Hg0-exposed T. usneoides, we isolated five endophytic bacteria (Staphylococcus sp. L3, Pseudomonas sp. L9, Enterobacter L19, Enterobacter L6, Bacillus LE) and two fungi (Aspergillus G1, G2), all of which demonstrated strong Hg2+ transformation and tolerance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed morphological adaptations and Hg enrichment on microbial surfaces. Foliar inoculation with strains L6, LE, and G2 significantly alleviated Hg0-induced growth inhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana, enhancing biomass, leaf/root length, and root surface area, while mitigating auxin suppression. Overall, this study clarifies how T. usneoides endophytes respond to Hg0 and highlights their promising role in microbial-assisted phytoremediation of Hg0 pollution.
{"title":"Endophytic bacteria and fungi from atmospheric mercury bioindicator Tillandsia usneoides (Spanish moss) alleviate mercury stress and promote plant growth","authors":"Yuanqin Gao , Bingcai Xiong , Xiaoyu Huang , Xingyue Sun , Hongxia Du , Ming Ma , Feng Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2026.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2026.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gaseous elemental mercury (Hg<sup>0</sup>) poses significant risks to ecosystems due to its high volatility and bioavailability. However, it remains largely unknown how the endophytes of <em>Tillandsia usneoides</em> (Spanish moss), a biological indicator responds to Hg<sup>0</sup>. In this study, after 14 days of exposure to the vapor from 0.22 mL of liquid Hg<sup>0</sup>, <em>T. usneoides</em> accumulated a markedly elevated Hg content of 164, 900 ± 28, 900 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS genes revealed that Hg<sup>0</sup> exposure significantly reduced the α-diversity of endophytic bacteria and altered the β-diversity of both bacterial and fungal communities. Under Hg<sup>0</sup> stress, taxonomic shifts included increased relative abundances of <em>Pseudomonas</em>, <em>Enterobacter</em>, and <em>Acidiella</em>. Functional predictions further indicated upregulated expression of key enzymes involved in Hg detoxification and antioxidant defense, such as mercuric reductase (MerA), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). From Hg<sup>0</sup>-exposed <em>T. usneoides</em>, we isolated five endophytic bacteria (<em>Staphylococcus</em> sp. L3, <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. L9, <em>Enterobacter</em> L19, <em>Enterobacter</em> L6, <em>Bacillus</em> LE) and two fungi (<em>Aspergillus</em> G1, G2), all of which demonstrated strong Hg<sup>2+</sup> transformation and tolerance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed morphological adaptations and Hg enrichment on microbial surfaces. Foliar inoculation with strains L6, LE, and G2 significantly alleviated Hg<sup>0</sup>-induced growth inhibition in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>, enhancing biomass, leaf/root length, and root surface area, while mitigating auxin suppression. Overall, this study clarifies how <em>T. usneoides</em> endophytes respond to Hg<sup>0</sup> and highlights their promising role in microbial-assisted phytoremediation of Hg<sup>0</sup> pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 881-893"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.12.028
Sisi Wang , Lan Chen , Xiaopan Wu , Yatao Wu , Lei Zhang , Xin Liu , Yu Wang , Jingguang Li , Shen Wen , Jing Huang , Yongning Wu
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are globally distributed, bioaccumulative chemicals that are increasingly implicated as environmental contributors to metabolic toxicity; however, the mechanistic pathways underlying their effects during early pregnancy remain poorly characterized. In this maternal cohort study, high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed that women with early metabolic abnormalities carried higher serum burdens of several POP congeners, with polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; e.g., BDE-153, BDE-154) and polychlorinated biphenyl-52 (PCB-52) showing the most consistent elevations. Targeted metabolomics further identified marked alterations in bile acid profiles: putatively protective bile acids such as glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) (2.32 vs. 2.79 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) (2.32 vs. 4.77 ng/mL, P < 0.05) were depleted in women with early metabolic abnormalities compared with those without, whereas taurine-conjugated species, including tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), were elevated. Correlation analyses revealed inverse associations between brominated congeners and conjugated bile acids (e.g., BDE-154 with TUDCA, r = −0.29, P < 0.001), whereas PCB-52 was positively associated with serum cholesterol levels. In mediation analyses, GUDCA and TUDCA jointly mediated up to 24 % of the association between PBDEs and dysregulated glucose metabolism, sulfated bile acids mediated 21–25 % of PBDE–triglyceride associations and norcholic acid (NorCA) accounted for 19 % of the PCB-52–cholesterol relationship. These findings provide human evidence that maternal POP exposure is associated with perturbations in bile acid metabolism that may contribute to impaired glucose–lipid homeostasis during early pregnancy, and highlight bile acids as mechanistic mediators and potential early biomarkers of pollutant-induced metabolic toxicity.
持久性有机污染物（POPs）是全球分布的、具有生物蓄积性的化学品，越来越多地被认为是代谢性毒性的环境因素；然而，其在妊娠早期影响的机制途径仍不清楚。在这项母体队列研究中，高分辨率质谱分析显示，早期代谢异常的女性血清中几种POP同系物的负荷较高，其中多溴联苯醚（PBDEs，如BDE-153、BDE-154）和多氯联苯-52 （PCB-52）的升高最为一致。靶向代谢组学进一步确定了胆汁酸谱的显著变化：与没有早期代谢异常的女性相比，早期代谢异常的女性中，被认为具有保护作用的胆汁酸，如糖醛酸去氧胆酸（GUDCA） （2.32 vs. 2.79 ng/mL, P < 0.05）和糖醛酸去氧胆酸（GCDCA） （2.32 vs. 4.77 ng/mL, P < 0.05）减少，而牛磺酸结合的物种，包括牛磺酸去氧胆酸（TUDCA），则升高。相关分析显示溴化同源物与共轭胆汁酸呈负相关（例如，BDE-154与TUDCA， r = - 0.29, P < 0.001），而PCB-52与血清胆固醇水平呈正相关。在中介分析中，GUDCA和TUDCA共同介导了高达24%的多溴二苯酯和糖代谢失调之间的关联，硫酸胆汁酸介导了21 - 25%的多溴二苯酯甘油三酯关联，去胆酸（NorCA）介导了19%的多溴二苯酯-52 -胆固醇关系。这些发现提供了人类证据，证明母体POP暴露与胆汁酸代谢紊乱有关，胆汁酸代谢紊乱可能导致妊娠早期糖脂稳态受损，并强调胆汁酸是污染物诱导代谢毒性的机制介质和潜在的早期生物标志物。
{"title":"Early-pregnancy exposure to persistent organic pollutants and bile acid alterations in relation to gestational glucose–lipid homeostasis","authors":"Sisi Wang , Lan Chen , Xiaopan Wu , Yatao Wu , Lei Zhang , Xin Liu , Yu Wang , Jingguang Li , Shen Wen , Jing Huang , Yongning Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.12.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.12.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are globally distributed, bioaccumulative chemicals that are increasingly implicated as environmental contributors to metabolic toxicity; however, the mechanistic pathways underlying their effects during early pregnancy remain poorly characterized. In this maternal cohort study, high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed that women with early metabolic abnormalities carried higher serum burdens of several POP congeners, with polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; e.g., BDE-153, BDE-154) and polychlorinated biphenyl-52 (PCB-52) showing the most consistent elevations. Targeted metabolomics further identified marked alterations in bile acid profiles: putatively protective bile acids such as glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) (2.32 vs. 2.79 ng/mL, <em>P</em> < 0.05) and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) (2.32 vs. 4.77 ng/mL, <em>P</em> < 0.05) were depleted in women with early metabolic abnormalities compared with those without, whereas taurine-conjugated species, including tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), were elevated. Correlation analyses revealed inverse associations between brominated congeners and conjugated bile acids (e.g., BDE-154 with TUDCA, <em>r</em> = −0.29, <em>P</em> < 0.001), whereas PCB-52 was positively associated with serum cholesterol levels. In mediation analyses, GUDCA and TUDCA jointly mediated up to 24 % of the association between PBDEs and dysregulated glucose metabolism, sulfated bile acids mediated 21–25 % of PBDE–triglyceride associations and norcholic acid (NorCA) accounted for 19 % of the PCB-52–cholesterol relationship. These findings provide human evidence that maternal POP exposure is associated with perturbations in bile acid metabolism that may contribute to impaired glucose–lipid homeostasis during early pregnancy, and highlight bile acids as mechanistic mediators and potential early biomarkers of pollutant-induced metabolic toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 924-933"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2026.01.003
M. Elisabetta Michelangeli , Steven Brooks , Sebastian Kuehr , Emelie Forsman , Elisabeth S. Rødland , Sicco H. Brandsma , Maria Margalef , Manuel Heinzelmann , Davide Spanu , Jan Thomas Rundberget , Tânia Gomes
Tyre particles contain complex chemical additives that can leach out into the aquatic environment, posing potential risks to marine organisms. Despite growing evidence of adverse effects, the relative importance of particle-driven versus chemically mediated toxicity remains poorly explored, especially under environmentally relevant exposure scenarios. This study used the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) as a model to differentiate these effects by exposing individuals to cryomilled tyre particles (TP), their leachates (L) and pre-leached particles (TPL) over 36 days at the environmentally relevant concentration of 0.1 g/L. Chemical analysis confirmed uptake of key organic additives such as poly(1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) (TMQ), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), and 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), with certain compounds persisting after depuration. Particle-exposed mussels accumulated higher additive concentrations than those exposed to only leachates, indicating enhanced chemical release from particles. Biomarker responses revealed signs of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in exposed mussels across all treatments, with earlier responses in leachate exposure and delayed responses during particle exposures. These results demonstrate that chemical additives are key toxicity drivers alongside physical particles, highlighting the importance of considering both pathways in environmental risk assessments. To our knowledge, this study is among the first to experimentally separate particle and leachate specific effects in mussels by using tyre particles before and after leaching to create contrasting chemical loads, thereby providing novel insights into their distinct and combined impacts on marine biota.
{"title":"Tyre-derived ecotoxicity: Differentiating the effects from particles and chemical leachates on the blue mussel Mytilus edulis","authors":"M. Elisabetta Michelangeli , Steven Brooks , Sebastian Kuehr , Emelie Forsman , Elisabeth S. Rødland , Sicco H. Brandsma , Maria Margalef , Manuel Heinzelmann , Davide Spanu , Jan Thomas Rundberget , Tânia Gomes","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tyre particles contain complex chemical additives that can leach out into the aquatic environment, posing potential risks to marine organisms. Despite growing evidence of adverse effects, the relative importance of particle-driven versus chemically mediated toxicity remains poorly explored, especially under environmentally relevant exposure scenarios. This study used the blue mussel (<em>Mytilus edulis</em>) as a model to differentiate these effects by exposing individuals to cryomilled tyre particles (TP), their leachates (L) and pre-leached particles (TPL) over 36 days at the environmentally relevant concentration of 0.1 g/L. Chemical analysis confirmed uptake of key organic additives such as poly(1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) (TMQ), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-<em>N</em>′-phenyl-<em>p</em>-phenylenediamine (6PPD), and 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), with certain compounds persisting after depuration. Particle-exposed mussels accumulated higher additive concentrations than those exposed to only leachates, indicating enhanced chemical release from particles. Biomarker responses revealed signs of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in exposed mussels across all treatments, with earlier responses in leachate exposure and delayed responses during particle exposures. These results demonstrate that chemical additives are key toxicity drivers alongside physical particles, highlighting the importance of considering both pathways in environmental risk assessments. To our knowledge, this study is among the first to experimentally separate particle and leachate specific effects in mussels by using tyre particles before and after leaching to create contrasting chemical loads, thereby providing novel insights into their distinct and combined impacts on marine biota.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 934-951"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2026.01.016
Haode He , Mei Wang , Wanru Zhang , Yuhui Sun , Hongyan Tian , Chao Wei , Haoyu Liu , Yuxia Yang
Accelerated global climate change has profoundly altered ecosystems and pollutant dynamics, severely hindering the accurate assessment of ecological risks associated with organophosphate esters (OPEs) due to the limitations of conventional monitoring approaches. To address these challenges, we developed an integrative “environment-biota-pollutant” framework, combining spatial statistics, machine learning, and structural equation modeling to elucidate OPE bioaccumulation in dragonfly larvae using a dataset comprising 6099 samples. The study reveals that dragonfly larvae exhibit pronounced spatial aggregation (Moran's I = 0.899–0.933) and exceptional bioconcentration capacity (mean log BAF = 3.63), surpassing traditional media. Through random forest modeling, nutrient salts (total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen) were identified as the primary drivers of OPE bioaccumulation in larvae, accounting for 25.22% of the variance, over three times greater than the contribution from direct aqueous OPE exposure (7.67%). Further analysis using partial least squares structural equation modeling demonstrated that warming enhances nitrate bioavailability (β = 0.742), which subsequently promotes OPE accumulation in larvae (β = 0.409). This finding indicates that climate-driven nutrient cycling is a more significant driver than aqueous OPEs concentration. As climate change continues to influence nutrient cycling and bioavailability, this integrative approach offers a robust framework for understanding and addressing the ecological risks associated with OPEs in an evolving environment.
{"title":"Nutrient–warming synergy governs organophosphate esters bioavailability to dragonfly larvae","authors":"Haode He , Mei Wang , Wanru Zhang , Yuhui Sun , Hongyan Tian , Chao Wei , Haoyu Liu , Yuxia Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2026.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2026.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accelerated global climate change has profoundly altered ecosystems and pollutant dynamics, severely hindering the accurate assessment of ecological risks associated with organophosphate esters (OPEs) due to the limitations of conventional monitoring approaches. To address these challenges, we developed an integrative “environment-biota-pollutant” framework, combining spatial statistics, machine learning, and structural equation modeling to elucidate OPE bioaccumulation in dragonfly larvae using a dataset comprising 6099 samples. The study reveals that dragonfly larvae exhibit pronounced spatial aggregation (Moran's <em>I</em> = 0.899–0.933) and exceptional bioconcentration capacity (mean log BAF = 3.63), surpassing traditional media. Through random forest modeling, nutrient salts (total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen) were identified as the primary drivers of OPE bioaccumulation in larvae, accounting for 25.22% of the variance, over three times greater than the contribution from direct aqueous OPE exposure (7.67%). Further analysis using partial least squares structural equation modeling demonstrated that warming enhances nitrate bioavailability (β = 0.742), which subsequently promotes OPE accumulation in larvae (β = 0.409). This finding indicates that climate-driven nutrient cycling is a more significant driver than aqueous OPEs concentration. As climate change continues to influence nutrient cycling and bioavailability, this integrative approach offers a robust framework for understanding and addressing the ecological risks associated with OPEs in an evolving environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 1111-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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