Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology最新文献_第7页

New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) reveal triphenyl phosphate (TPP) disrupts lipid metabolism in estuarine fish via PPARγ activation: A concentration-dependent transcriptomic and molecular docking study 新方法方法（NAMs）揭示磷酸三苯酯（TPP）通过PPARγ激活破坏河口鱼类的脂质代谢：一项浓度依赖性转录组学和分子对接研究

IF 8.2 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.11.037

Jinzhi Ren , Ying Peng , Chenyang Sun , Yining Zhang , Jianjun Li , Simin Xia , Caixia Gao , Yimeng Wang , Xiangping Nie

There is an urgent need for a more efficient and ethical approach to chemical toxicity assessment. The emergence of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) based on fish embryos transcriptomics provides a promising alternative. Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) — a pervasive contaminant in estuaries — disrupts lipid homeostasis in mammals via PPARγ activation, yet its ecotoxicological impacts on estuarine fish remain unknown. Leveraging NAMs, this study integrates concentration-dependent transcriptomics (CDT), molecular docking, and phenotypic toxicity assays to unravel effects of TPP on embryonic development and lipid metabolism in the benthic fish Mugilogobius chulae. We found that TPP induced significant lethality (LC₅₀ = 1.86 × 10⁶ ng/L) and teratogenicity (EC₅₀ = 5.27 × 10⁵ ng/L), suppressing spontaneous movement, heart rate, and hatching. At concentrations of 5270 ng/L and 52,700 ng/L, TPP elevated triglycerides, total cholesterol, and hepatotoxicity markers (alanine aminotransferase / aspartate aminotransferase). CDT analysis identified fatty acid metabolism pathways as the most sensitive targets, with TPP upregulating PPARγ while downregulating CD36 and ACSL5 — indicating blocked fatty acid oxidation and explaining lipid accumulation. Crucially, co-exposure with PPARγ antagonist GW9662 reversed metabolic disorders, validating the mechanistic role of PPARγ. Furthermore, molecular docking confirmed that TPP binds PPARγ with agonist-like affinity. This work establishes a NAM-based framework for deciphering the toxicity of contaminants of emerging concern in estuarine ecosystems, offering novel tools for ecological risk assessment.

迫切需要一种更有效和合乎道德的方法来进行化学毒性评估。基于鱼类胚胎转录组学的新方法方法（NAMs）的出现提供了一个有希望的替代方案。磷酸三苯酯（TPP）是河口中普遍存在的污染物，通过激活PPARγ破坏哺乳动物的脂质稳态，但其对河口鱼类的生态毒理学影响尚不清楚。利用NAMs，本研究整合了浓度依赖性转录组学（CDT）、分子对接和表型毒性分析，以揭示TPP对底栖鱼类马基洛gobius chulae胚胎发育和脂质代谢的影响。我们发现TPP诱导了显著的致死率（LC₅₀= 1.86 × 106 ng/L）和致畸性（EC₅₀= 5.27 × 105 ng/L），抑制了自发运动、心率和孵化。在5270 ng/L和52700 ng/L浓度下，TPP升高了甘油三酯、总胆固醇和肝毒性标志物（丙氨酸转氨酶/天冬氨酸转氨酶）。CDT分析发现，脂肪酸代谢途径是最敏感的靶点，TPP上调PPARγ，下调CD36和ACSL5，这表明脂肪酸氧化受阻，并解释了脂质积累。至关重要的是，与PPARγ拮抗剂GW9662共同暴露可逆转代谢紊乱，验证了PPARγ的机制作用。此外，分子对接证实了TPP以类似激动剂的亲和力结合PPARγ。这项工作建立了一个基于nama的框架，用于破译河口生态系统中新兴关注的污染物的毒性，为生态风险评估提供了新的工具。

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引用次数: 0

HFPO-DA and PFOA exert differential combined toxicity with Cd in Paramecium: growth, behavior and molecular insights HFPO-DA和PFOA对草履虫具有不同的Cd联合毒性：生长、行为和分子见解

IF 8.2 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.11.032

Congjun Li , Yu Fu , Eleni Gentekaki , Lifang Li

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) has come into use as an alternative to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), but it remains elusive whether their comparative toxicities in aquatic organisms under co-occurring heavy metals like cadmium (Cd), particularly one ecologically important microorganism, the protists. Here, we compared the combined toxicity of PFOA and HFPO-DA in euryhaline ciliate Paramecium duboscqui under Cd-contaminated conditions. Chronic exposure (14 days) to field-realistic concentrations of Cd (50 μg/L) and PFOA/HFPO-DA (1 μg/L) revealed similarly adverse effects on growth performance. When combined with Cd, HFPO-DA caused greater disruption to membrane permeability thus enhancing Cd availability in ciliates, and amplifying oxidative stress and apoptosis activation. Moreover, combining HFPO-DA and Cd significantly reduced the motility distance, mean and max velocity in ciliates compared to PFOA. Transcriptomic analysis consequently revealed that disruptions in the core energy metabolism pathways were likely responsible for the insufficient supply of ATP energy in P. duboscqui. Additionally, the simultaneous downregulation of ciliary motility-related gene set and pathway, with the most pronounced suppression observed under HFPO-DA and Cd co-exposure mechanistically linked transcriptional changes to behavioral consequences. Our findings suggest that the combined effects of PFOA/HFPO-DA and Cd pose compounded ecological risks, underscoring the need to consider PFOA and its alternative HFPO-DA in regulatory frameworks along with heavy metals.

六氟环氧丙烷二聚酸（HFPO-DA）已被用作全氟辛酸（PFOA）的替代品，但它们在镉（Cd）等重金属共存下对水生生物，特别是一种重要的生态微生物原生生物的相对毒性是否存在尚不清楚。本研究比较了cd污染条件下PFOA和HFPO-DA对杜波沙奇草履虫的联合毒性。长期暴露于Cd （50 μg/L）和PFOA/HFPO-DA （1 μg/L）环境（14天）对生长性能的不利影响相似。当与Cd结合时，HFPO-DA对细胞膜渗透性造成更大的破坏，从而提高了Cd在纤毛虫体内的可用性，并放大了氧化应激和细胞凋亡激活。此外，与PFOA相比，HFPO-DA和Cd联合使用显著降低了纤毛虫的运动距离、平均速度和最大速度。转录组学分析结果显示，核心能量代谢途径的中断可能是导致P. duboscqui ATP能量供应不足的原因。此外，纤毛运动相关基因组和通路的同时下调，在HFPO-DA和Cd共暴露下观察到最明显的抑制，机制上将转录变化与行为后果联系起来。我们的研究结果表明，PFOA/HFPO-DA和Cd的综合影响构成了复杂的生态风险，强调了在监管框架中考虑PFOA及其替代HFPO-DA和重金属的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Generation mechanisms, environmental behaviors, and treatment technologies of conventional and emerging contaminants in landfill leachate: A review 垃圾渗滤液中传统和新兴污染物的产生机制、环境行为及处理技术综述

IF 8.2 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.11.030

Kunlong Hui, Jinhang Song, Beidou Xi, Ying Yuan, Wenbing Tan

Landfill leachate, derived from municipal solid waste landfills, is generated by external factors (e.g., rainfall erosion, solar radiation) and internal processes (e.g., physical sedimentation, chemical reactions, biodegradation). With high concentrations of heavy metals, organic pollutants, pathogens, microplastics (MPs), and antibiotics, this highly toxic effluent seriously threatens surrounding environments (soil, groundwater, etc.) and human health if improperly discharged/leaked. Thus, this paper systematically reviews the generation mechanisms, environmental behaviors, and treatment technologies of conventional pollutants (e.g., COD, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen) and emerging contaminants (e.g., MPs, PFASs, PPCPs) in leachate. To date, various technologies (e.g., adsorption, AOPs, microbial treatment, phytoremediation) have been developed to reduce leachate ecotoxicity and meet discharge standards: membrane separation and AOPs perform well among physicochemical methods, while anaerobic-aerobic coupled systems and constructed wetlands excel in biological approaches. However, leachate composition is highly heterogeneous (pollutant types/concentrations affected by landfill age, climate, etc.), greatly challenging treatment efficiency—this reduces conventional process effectiveness and raises operational time/costs. Thus, future research should focus on developing efficient, low-consumption collaborative systems, optimizing process combinations, and enhancing leachate full-life-cycle management to support sustainable landfill environmental governance.

堆填渗滤液来自城市固体废物堆填区，是由外部因素（例如降雨侵蚀、太阳辐射）和内部过程（例如物理沉积、化学反应、生物降解）产生的。高浓度的重金属、有机污染物、病原体、微塑料（MPs）和抗生素，如果排放/泄漏不当，严重威胁周围环境（土壤、地下水等）和人体健康。因此，本文系统综述了渗滤液中COD、BOD5、氨氮等常规污染物和MPs、PFASs、PPCPs等新兴污染物的产生机理、环境行为和处理技术。迄今为止，各种技术（如吸附、AOPs、微生物处理、植物修复）已经开发出来，以降低渗滤液的生态毒性并达到排放标准：膜分离和AOPs在物理化学方法中表现良好，而厌氧-好氧耦合系统和人工湿地在生物方法中表现突出。然而，渗滤液成分是高度不均匀的（污染物类型/浓度受填埋场年龄，气候等影响），极大地挑战了处理效率-这降低了传统工艺的有效性并增加了操作时间/成本。因此，未来的研究应侧重于开发高效、低消耗的协同系统，优化工艺组合，加强渗滤液全生命周期管理，以支持可持续的垃圾填埋场环境治理。

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引用次数: 0

Tissue-specific bioaccumulation and hepatotoxicity of 6PPD and 6PPD-Quinone in zebrafish 6PPD和6PPD醌在斑马鱼体内的组织特异性生物蓄积和肝毒性

IF 8.2 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.11.029

Yunhao Ding , Wen-Xiong Wang

Tire additive 6PPD and its transformation product 6PPD-Quinone have garnered substantial attention due to their association with mass salmon mortality events. This study investigated the bioaccumulation and sublethal toxicological effects of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model fish. Both 6PPD and 6PPD-Q exhibited distinct distribution and bioaccumulation potential in the fish. Specifically, 6PPD was enriched in the guts and liver, whereas 6PPD-Q was enriched in the brain, liver, and gills. Zebrafish liver exhibited strong absorption capacity for both compounds, while the eyes and gills showed selective absorption for 6PPD and 6PPD-Q, respectively. At elevated exposure concentrations, 6PPD demonstrated lower bioaccumulation potential but higher adsorption capacity. In contrast, 6PPD-Q displayed the opposite pattern. This suggested that depuration processes predominantly regulated the accumulation dynamics of these compounds. Exposure to both chemicals at concentrations ranging from environmentally relevant to high concentrations induced multi-levels of toxic responses in zebrafish. These included behavioral impairments with reduced swimming activity and histopathological damages of inflammation, fat droplets, vacuoles, and cell gap enlargement in liver tissue. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that both compounds induced pathological liver damage in zebrafish through disruption of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. Additionally, effects on P450 metabolic systems led to differential bioaccumulation patterns between the two compounds. This study provides important toxicological evidence for assessing the ecological risks of tire-derived pollutants and emphasizes the necessity of monitoring both parent compounds and their transformation products in environmental surveillance.

轮胎添加剂6PPD及其转化产物6PPD-醌因其与鲑鱼大量死亡事件的关联而引起了广泛关注。本研究以斑马鱼为模型鱼，研究了6PPD和6PPD- q的生物蓄积和亚致死毒理学效应。6PPD和6PPD- q在鱼体内具有明显的分布和生物蓄积潜力。具体来说，6PPD在肠道和肝脏中富集，而6PPD- q在大脑、肝脏和鳃中富集。斑马鱼的肝脏对这两种化合物都有较强的吸收能力，而眼睛和鳃分别对6PPD和6PPD- q有选择性吸收。在较高的暴露浓度下，6PPD表现出较低的生物积累潜力，但具有较高的吸附能力。相比之下，6PPD-Q表现出相反的模式。这表明，净化过程主要调节这些化合物的积累动态。暴露于两种浓度从环境相关浓度到高浓度的化学物质会在斑马鱼中引起多级毒性反应。这些包括游泳活动减少的行为障碍和肝组织炎症、脂肪滴、液泡和细胞间隙扩大的组织病理学损害。转录组学分析显示，这两种化合物通过破坏糖酵解和糖异生途径诱导斑马鱼的病理性肝损伤。此外，对P450代谢系统的影响导致两种化合物之间的不同生物积累模式。本研究为评估轮胎源性污染物的生态风险提供了重要的毒理学依据，强调了在环境监测中同时监测母体化合物及其转化产物的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Polymer-specific toxicity of microplastics to Microcystis aeruginosa: Growth inhibition, physiological responses, and molecular mechanisms 微塑料对铜绿微囊藻的聚合物特异性毒性：生长抑制、生理反应和分子机制

IF 8.2 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.11.033

Xiaowei Zheng , Weizhen Zhang , Jue Li , Shun Zhang , Qihui Li , Zhengqiu Fan , Zengyun Hu

Microplastics (MPs), as emerging contaminants, are increasingly prevalent in the environment, posing significant threats to ecosystems and human health. However, the ecological risks associated with different polymer types, particularly their toxic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms on cyanobacteria, remain poorly understood. This study comprehensively investigated the toxicological impacts of four common MPs—polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)—on Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) over a 12-day exposure period. Results showed that all four MPs significantly inhibited M. aeruginosa growth, with maximum inhibition rates of 68.3 % (50 mg/L PE, day 6), 61.0 % (50 mg/L PS, day 4), 68.2 % (200 mg/L PVC, day 8), and 63.3 % (100 mg/L PTFE, day 6), respectively. Additionally, MPs exposure led to reduced chlorophyll content, impaired photosynthetic activity, and induced oxidative stress, though these effects exhibited temporal dynamics and partial reversibility. Integrated transcriptomic and physiological analyses revealed polymer-specific mechanisms: PE, PVC, and PTFE primarily disrupted M. aeruginosa growth by targeting ABC transporter and oxidative phosphorylation pathways, whereas PS affected ABC transporter and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism pathways. This study elucidates the toxicological mechanisms of different MP polymer types and provides critical insights for assessing their ecological risks.

微塑料作为新兴污染物，在环境中日益普遍，对生态系统和人类健康构成重大威胁。然而，与不同类型的聚合物相关的生态风险，特别是它们对蓝藻的毒性作用和潜在的分子机制，仍然知之甚少。本研究全面研究了聚乙烯（PE）、聚苯乙烯（PS）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）和聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）四种常见的高分子材料对铜绿微囊藻（M. aeruginosa）在12天暴露期内的毒理学影响。结果表明，4种MPs均能显著抑制M. aeruginosa的生长，最大抑制率分别为68.3% （50 mg/L PE，第6天）、61.0% （50 mg/L PS，第4天）、68.2% （200 mg/L PVC，第8天）和63.3% （100 mg/L PTFE，第6天）。此外，MPs暴露导致叶绿素含量降低，光合活性受损，诱导氧化应激，尽管这些影响表现出时间动态和部分可逆性。综合转录组学和生理学分析揭示了聚合物特异性机制：PE、PVC和PTFE主要通过靶向ABC转运蛋白和氧化磷酸化途径破坏铜绿假单胞菌的生长，而PS影响ABC转运蛋白和氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢途径。本研究阐明了不同MP聚合物类型的毒理学机制，并为评估其生态风险提供了重要见解。

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引用次数: 0

Emerging contaminants in the Yiwu River adjacent to China's leading international trade hub: Occurrence, ecological risk assessment and influencing factors 毗邻中国主要国际贸易枢纽的义乌河新兴污染物：发生、生态风险评估及影响因素

IF 8.2 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.11.025

Junyu Ma , Yongzhi Chi , Cancan Jiang , Yanghui Xiong , Cong Wang , Nan Wan , Xiaoxuan Liu , Xiaoxu Zheng , Zailei Wang , Shengjun Xu

Urbanization, characterized by high population density and industrial diversity, accelerates the release of emerging contaminants (ECs) into aquatic environments. However, the impacts of urbanization on ECs occurrence and prevalence remain poorly understood. This study used the Yiwu River, the Yiwu city's main watercourse, as a model to evaluate impacts of urbanization on ECs distribution. 40 ECs were detected, classified into four major categories: environmental estrogens (EEs), antibiotics (ABs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), and phthalates (PAEs). Among them, 19 compounds exhibited detection frequencies greater than 50 %. The predominant categories were EEs and PAEs with drastically high concentrations and raising high ecological risk. The dominant EC components in mainstream mirrored those in the tributaries. However, tributaries exhibited significantly higher concentrations of both conventional water quality parameters and ECs, resulting in greater ecological risks. Spatially, EC concentrations in both mainstream and tributaries followed the trend: midstream > upstream > downstream, with the midstream region being closest to the urban center of Yiwu City. The higher ratio of artificial surfaces in the midstream (56.9 %) with a lower ratio of green covered area (only 15 %) may further deteriorate the water quality. PAEs were strongly associated with the assembly of chemical fiber-textile-dyeing industries. Finally, the alleviating solutions were proposed. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers concerned with protecting scarce urban water resources, and offer a useful reference for researchers studying urbanization impacts on emerging contaminants.

城市化以高人口密度和工业多样性为特征，加速了新兴污染物向水生环境的释放。然而，城市化对ECs发生和流行的影响仍然知之甚少。本研究以义乌市主河道义乌河为模型，评价了城市化对生态系统分布的影响。共检出40种ECs，分为环境雌激素（EEs）、抗生素（ABs）、有机磷农药（OPPs）和邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs） 4大类。其中19个化合物的检测频率大于50%。主要类型为EEs和PAEs，浓度急剧升高，生态风险高。主流中占优势的欧共体组分反映了支流中占优势的欧共体组分。然而，支流的常规水质参数和ECs浓度都明显较高，导致更大的生态风险。从空间上看，干支流EC浓度均呈现中游+上游+下游的趋势，中游区域最靠近义乌市中心。中游人工地表比例较高（56.9%），绿化覆盖面积比例较低（仅15%），可能进一步恶化水质。PAEs与化纤-纺织-染色工业的聚集密切相关。最后，提出了缓解对策。研究结果为政策制定者保护稀缺的城市水资源提供了有价值的见解，并为研究城市化对新兴污染物的影响提供了有益的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular insights into the bioavailability and transformation of dissolved organic phosphorus and nitrogen in a wastewater treatment plant 废水处理厂中溶解有机磷和氮的生物利用度和转化的分子见解

IF 8.2 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.11.023

Hongwei Bai , Qiao Liu , Xuhui Shen , Wenbing Tan , Ying Yuan , Dongyang Li , Yike Kang , Dongyu Cui

Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) have high potential bioavailability, making them key factors in the water eutrophication process. For wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), one of the challenges in alleviating eutrophication in receiving waters is reducing levels of DOP and DON, which are harder to remove than inorganic phosphate and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. In this study, for the first time we simultaneously investigated the bioavailability and transformation of DOP and DON in a WWTP at the molecular level, via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and paired mass distance (PMD)-based network analysis. Results showed that the removal of DOP and DON in the biological treatment contributed 83.3 % and 100.3 %, respectively, to the total removal in the WWTP. Meanwhile, the double bond equivalence values of DOP and DON markedly increased from 8.93 to 13.36 and from 7.57 to 11.72 during biological treatment, respectively, whereas slight changes were observed during advanced treatment, indicating that the biological treatment played a dominant role in reducing the concentration and bioavailability of DOP and DON. PMD-based network analysis indicated that the variation in the bioavailability of DOP and DON in the biological treatment was primarily associated with the transformation from low unsaturation lipid- and protein-like species to highly unsaturated lignin-like species. Our findings enhance the understanding of the bioavailability and transformation of DOP and DON in WWTPs, thereby offering guidance for optimizing biological nutrient removal and designing targeted advanced treatment strategies during WWTP upgrading.

溶解性有机磷（DOP）和溶解性有机氮（DON）具有很高的潜在生物利用度，是水体富营养化过程的关键因素。对于污水处理厂（WWTPs）来说，缓解水体富营养化的挑战之一是降低DOP和DON的水平，它们比无机磷酸盐和溶解无机氮更难去除。在本研究中，我们首次通过傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（FT-ICR MS）和基于配对质量距离（PMD）的网络分析，在分子水平上同时研究了污水处理中DOP和DON的生物利用度和转化。结果表明，生物处理对DOP和DON的去除率分别占总去除率的83.3%和100.3%。同时，在生物处理过程中，DOP和DON的双键等效值分别从8.93和7.57显著增加到13.36和11.72，而在深度处理过程中变化不大，说明生物处理对DOP和DON的浓度和生物利用度的降低起主导作用。基于pmd的网络分析表明，生物处理过程中DOP和DON生物利用度的变化主要与低不饱和脂质和蛋白质样物质向高度不饱和木质素样物质的转化有关。我们的研究结果增强了对污水处理厂中DOP和DON的生物利用度和转化的认识，从而为污水处理厂升级过程中优化生物营养物去除和设计有针对性的高级处理策略提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Role of Gal-3 mediated lysophagy in arsenic-induced chicken hepatocyte injury Gal-3介导的溶噬在砷诱导的鸡肝细胞损伤中的作用

IF 8.2 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.11.027

Xinglin Gao , Ying He , Juan Lan , Yumeng Li , Xudong Han , Yueyang Li , Yanli You , Haiyan Liu , Gan Rao , Zhaoxin Tang , Zhiwen Wu , Lianmei Hu

Arsenic is one of the important pollutants in the environment. As the main target organ of arsenic exposure, the liver contains a large number of lysosomes, which play an important role in liver injury induced by arsenic. The involvement of lysosomes in arsenic-induced hepatic damage among avian species, specifically chickens, has yet to be documented. Therefore, in this study, we established animal models of chickens and primary chicken hepatocyte models with different concentrations of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and further explored the hepatotoxic mechanism of arsenic from the perspective of lysosome damage. Our study confirmed that ATO affected the growth and development of chickens; caused substantial liver damage with decreased antioxidant capacity. Our study also found that exposure to ATO leads to lysosomal damage. This leads to the leakage of tissue protease B (CTSB) within lysosomes and triggers the Gal-3-dependent lysosomal phagocytosis mechanism to eliminate the damaged lysosomes.Moreover, we also found that lysosome damage and lysophagy induced by ATO were associated with intracellular Ca²⁺ disturbance. Taken together, the results show that ATO can induce lysosome damage and activate Gal-3 mediated lysophagy.

砷是环境中重要的污染物之一。肝脏作为砷暴露的主要靶器官，含有大量溶酶体，在砷致肝损伤中起重要作用。在鸟类中，特别是鸡中，溶酶体在砷诱导的肝损伤中的作用尚未被证实。因此，本研究通过建立不同浓度三氧化二砷（ATO）作用下的鸡动物模型和原代鸡肝细胞模型，从溶酶体损伤的角度进一步探讨砷的肝毒性机制。我们的研究证实了ATO对鸡的生长发育有影响；导致肝脏严重损伤，抗氧化能力下降。我们的研究还发现，暴露于ATO会导致溶酶体损伤。这导致溶酶体内组织蛋白酶B （CTSB）渗漏，触发gal -3依赖性溶酶体吞噬机制，消除受损的溶酶体。此外，我们还发现ATO诱导的溶酶体损伤和溶噬与细胞内Ca2+干扰有关。综上所述，ATO可以诱导溶酶体损伤并激活Gal-3介导的溶噬。

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引用次数: 0

Urinary nitrogen flame retardants and renal dysfunction: Population evidence with ferroptosis-related mediation 尿氮阻燃剂和肾功能障碍：与铁中毒相关的人群证据

IF 8.2 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.11.022

Ke Xu , Yumeng Shi , Yarui Liu , Siyu Liu , Mengqi Yan , Yujie Ma , Hongkai Zhu

Nitrogen flame retardants (NFRs) are a class of emerging environmental pollutants with nephrotoxic effects, yet their mechanistic contributions to kidney stone formation remain unclear. In this case-control study of 123 patients with kidney stones and 77 healthy adults in China, we quantified seven urinary NFRs and assessed their associations with renal biomarkers. Kidney stones patients had significantly elevated total urinary NFR levels (median: 94.3 vs 28.9 ng/mL). Melamine (MEL) predominated in cases, while cyanuric acid (CYA) was most abundant in controls. MEL and ammelide (AMD) were positively associated with serum proteins and inversely associated with urinary markers of tubular and glomerular injury. Notably, AMD showed the strongest and most consistent associations with multiple renal injury markers, suggesting a potent and previously underrecognized nephrotoxic effect. Mixture modeling further revealed that combined NFR exposures exerted consistent joint effects on renal function. Crucially, mediation analyses showed that the associations between CYA and renal injury biomarkers were fully mediated by ferroptosis-related oxidative stress markers—ferrous iron and malondialdehyde. Furthermore, we report the first detection of 2,4,6-trimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine in human urine. These findings provide epidemiological evidence linking internal NFR exposure to early renal damage and suggest ferroptosis as a plausible mechanism with implications for mixture risk assessment.

氮阻燃剂（NFRs）是一类具有肾毒性作用的新兴环境污染物，但其对肾结石形成的机制尚不清楚。在这项中国123名肾结石患者和77名健康成人的病例对照研究中，我们量化了7种泌尿系统不正常反应，并评估了它们与肾脏生物标志物的关系。肾结石患者尿总NFR水平显著升高（中位数：94.3 vs 28.9 ng/mL）。三聚氰胺（MEL）在病例中占主导地位，而三聚尿酸（CYA）在对照组中含量最多。MEL和ammelide （AMD）与血清蛋白呈正相关，与肾小管和肾小球损伤尿标志物呈负相关。值得注意的是，AMD显示出与多种肾损伤标志物最强烈和最一致的关联，这表明一种强大的、以前未被认识到的肾毒性作用。混合模型进一步显示，联合NFR暴露对肾功能具有一致的联合影响。至关重要的是，中介分析表明，CYA和肾损伤生物标志物之间的关联完全由铁中毒相关的氧化应激标志物-铁和丙二醛介导。此外，我们报告了首次在人类尿液中检测到2,4,6-三甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪。这些发现提供了流行病学证据，表明内部NFR暴露与早期肾损害有关，并提示铁下垂是一种可能的机制，具有混合风险评估的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Chlorine release induced by contact electrification between polyvinyl chloride microplastics and moist air 聚氯乙烯微塑料与潮湿空气接触起电致氯释放

IF 8.2 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.11.020

Fengjie Chen , Qiuhan Meng , Ange Zhu , Yu Xia , Qingchun Liu , Mengxi Cao , Pu Wang , Bolei Chen , Yong Liang , Yongguang Yin , Ligang Hu , Yawei Wang , Maoyong Song

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics (MPs) are prevalent in the atmosphere and, as they migrate, inevitably interact with flowing moist air. Despite this, our understanding of the surface chemistry of MPs remains limited. In this study, friction experiments were conducted using a custom-designed model to simulate the interaction between PVC MPs and moist air. The physicochemical changes and reactive species were systematically characterized using ion chromatography, electron spin resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results demonstrate that PVC MPs release chloride ions when subjected to friction with moist air in dark conditions. The release of chloride ions is primarily driven by the reduction of CCl bonds, induced by hydrogen radicals generated through electron transfer from water to the polymer during friction. Furthermore, these released chloride ions are subsequently converted into atomic chlorine due to the generation of hydroxyl radicals, a process facilitated by contact electrification between water vapor and the polymer under solar irradiation. Our findings suggest that PVC MPs could act as a source of reactive chlorine, influencing redox processes and potentially impacting air quality in the atmosphere.

聚氯乙烯（PVC）微塑料（MPs）在大气中普遍存在，当它们迁移时，不可避免地与流动的潮湿空气相互作用。尽管如此，我们对MPs表面化学的理解仍然有限。在本研究中，使用定制的模型进行摩擦实验，以模拟PVC MPs与潮湿空气之间的相互作用。采用离子色谱法、电子自旋共振法和x射线光电子能谱法对其理化变化和活性物质进行了系统表征。结果表明，PVC MPs在黑暗条件下与潮湿空气摩擦时释放氯离子。氯离子的释放主要是由摩擦过程中电子从水中转移到聚合物中产生的氢自由基引起的CCl键的减少所驱动的。此外，由于羟基自由基的产生，这些释放的氯离子随后转化为氯原子，这一过程是在太阳照射下水蒸气和聚合物之间的接触带电促进的。我们的研究结果表明，聚氯乙烯MPs可以作为活性氯的来源，影响氧化还原过程，并可能影响大气中的空气质量。

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