Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.04.001
Yuqi Tang , Guoyi Qin , Nina Qian , Xiaoyun Zeng , Rong Li , Keng Po Lai
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common material widely used in the plastic production and processing industry. As BPA is an environmental endocrine disruptor that causes metabolic disorders, leading to the progression of diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, its use has been banned in many countries. Chemicals such as bisphenol S, bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol AF, and tetramethyl BPF have been used to replace BPA. Given the similar chemical structures of BPA and its replacement chemicals, previous studies have demonstrated the potential risks of endocrine disruption and obesity. This review aims to summarize the endocrine-disrupting effects and the underlying mechanisms of BPA and its replacement chemicals based on existing experimental and epidemiological studies and to investigate BPA and its replacement chemicals linked to endocrine disruption and obesity to provide better recommendations for the safe use of BPA and its replacement chemicals.
{"title":"Bisphenol A and its replacement chemicals as endocrine disruptors and obesogens","authors":"Yuqi Tang , Guoyi Qin , Nina Qian , Xiaoyun Zeng , Rong Li , Keng Po Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common material widely used in the plastic production and processing industry. As BPA is an environmental endocrine disruptor that causes metabolic disorders, leading to the progression of diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, its use has been banned in many countries. Chemicals such as bisphenol S, bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol AF, and tetramethyl BPF have been used to replace BPA. Given the similar chemical structures of BPA and its replacement chemicals, previous studies have demonstrated the potential risks of endocrine disruption and obesity. This review aims to summarize the endocrine-disrupting effects and the underlying mechanisms of BPA and its replacement chemicals based on existing experimental and epidemiological studies and to investigate BPA and its replacement chemicals linked to endocrine disruption and obesity to provide better recommendations for the safe use of BPA and its replacement chemicals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 696-705"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.012
Xiaolong Dong , Guorui Liu , Fuxiang Zhang , Xiaohu Fan , Jialin Lv , Qiang Fu , Song Cui
The widespread usage of imidacloprid (IMI) has led to its frequent detection in aquatic environments, posing significant risks to ecosystems and human health. To address this issue, we developed a sodium citrate modified layered metal hydroxide (LDH) and biochar (BC)-based catalyst, SC-FCL@BC-2, for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to efficiently remove IMI. Our findings demonstrate that within 15 min, the degradation rate of IMI (5 mg L−1) reached 95.6 % using 0.3 g L−1 SC-FCL@BC-2 catalyst and 2 mM PMS, surpassing both the FCL@BC/PMS system (70.4 %) and the FeCo-LDH/PMS system (61.5 %). The incorporation of sodium citrate as an interlayer anion enhanced IMI adsorption onto SC-FCL@BC-2, facilitated Fe2+/Fe3+ and Co2+/Co3+ cycling, and provided abundant active sites. Additionally, SC-FCL@BC-2 exhibited excellent stability across a wide pH range of 4.0 to 10.0, maintaining a degradation efficiency of 86.0 % after four cycles. The catalyst demonstrated broad applicability by effectively degrading more than 82.3 % of five neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) and maintaining over 73.7 % efficiency across various water matrices. Quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, and electrochemical experiments confirmed that ·OH, ·SO4−, 1O2, and electron transfer collectively promoted IMI degradation. By elucidating the efficacy and mechanistic basis of SC-FCL@BC-2, this study not only provides valuable insights into enhancing LDH@biochar-based Fenton-like catalysts but also advances their practical application in water treatment.
吡虫啉（IMI）的广泛使用导致其在水生环境中经常被检测到，对生态系统和人类健康构成重大风险。为了解决这一问题，我们开发了一种柠檬酸钠修饰的层状金属氢氧化物（LDH）和生物炭（BC）基催化剂SC-FCL@BC-2，用于活化过氧单硫酸盐（PMS）以有效去除IMI。研究结果表明，使用0.3 g L−1 SC-FCL@BC-2催化剂和2 mM PMS，在15 min内，IMI （5 mg L−1）的降解率达到95.6%，超过了FCL@BC/PMS体系（70.4%）和FeCo-LDH/PMS体系（61.5%）。柠檬酸钠作为层间阴离子的掺入增强了IMI在SC-FCL@BC-2上的吸附，促进了Fe2+/Fe3+和Co2+/Co3+的循环，并提供了丰富的活性位点。此外，SC-FCL@BC-2在4.0至10.0的广泛pH范围内表现出优异的稳定性，在四个循环后保持86.0%的降解效率。该催化剂可有效降解超过82.3%的5种新烟碱类杀虫剂（NNIs），并在各种水基质中保持超过73.7%的效率，显示出广泛的适用性。淬火实验、电子顺磁共振分析和电化学实验证实，·OH、·SO4−、1O2和电子转移共同促进了IMI的降解。通过阐明SC-FCL@BC-2的功效和机理基础，本研究不仅为增强LDH@biochar-based类fenton催化剂提供了有价值的见解，而且推进了其在水处理中的实际应用。
{"title":"Interlayer-expanded LDH@biochar nanoreactors via sodium citrate mediation: Unlocking hidden active sites for persulfate-driven imidacloprid removal","authors":"Xiaolong Dong , Guorui Liu , Fuxiang Zhang , Xiaohu Fan , Jialin Lv , Qiang Fu , Song Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread usage of imidacloprid (IMI) has led to its frequent detection in aquatic environments, posing significant risks to ecosystems and human health. To address this issue, we developed a sodium citrate modified layered metal hydroxide (LDH) and biochar (BC)-based catalyst, SC-FCL@BC-2, for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to efficiently remove IMI. Our findings demonstrate that within 15 min, the degradation rate of IMI (5 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) reached 95.6 % using 0.3 g L<sup>−1</sup> SC-FCL@BC-2 catalyst and 2 mM PMS, surpassing both the FCL@BC/PMS system (70.4 %) and the FeCo-LDH/PMS system (61.5 %). The incorporation of sodium citrate as an interlayer anion enhanced IMI adsorption onto SC-FCL@BC-2, facilitated Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Co<sup>2+</sup>/Co<sup>3+</sup> cycling, and provided abundant active sites. Additionally, SC-FCL@BC-2 exhibited excellent stability across a wide pH range of 4.0 to 10.0, maintaining a degradation efficiency of 86.0 % after four cycles. The catalyst demonstrated broad applicability by effectively degrading more than 82.3 % of five neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) and maintaining over 73.7 % efficiency across various water matrices. Quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, and electrochemical experiments confirmed that ·OH, ·SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>, <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, and electron transfer collectively promoted IMI degradation. By elucidating the efficacy and mechanistic basis of SC-FCL@BC-2, this study not only provides valuable insights into enhancing LDH@biochar-based Fenton-like catalysts but also advances their practical application in water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 1130-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.04.008
Euijin You , JooHeon Cha , HeeJin Kim , Young Ho Kim
The honey bee (Apis mellifera. L) is an important pollinator worldwide, but it is facing significant population declines due to the influence of various factors, particularly the use of pesticides. Forager bees come into contact with pesticides during their foraging activity, while nurse bees are exposed to pesticides within the hive when they consume contaminated food sources. Based on established pesticide exposure routes, the present study assessed the oral toxicity and ecotoxic risks of 13 pesticides, including two organophosphates [coumaphos (COU) and fenitrothion (FEN)], two pyrethroids [τ-fluvalinate (τFLU) and cypermethrin (CYP)], four neonicotinoids [acetamiprid (ACE), imidacloprid (IMI), thiamethoxam (THIA), and flupyradifurone (FLU)], two carbamates [carbaryl (CAR) and carbofuran (CAB)], two avermectins [abamectin (ABA) and ivermectin (IVE)], and one phenyl pyrazole, fipronil (FIP) for nurse bees using the median lethal dose (LD50) and hazard quotients (HQs), respectively. Based on LD50 data from bioassays and previous reports, ranking pesticides by their toxicity for nurse bees resulted in the following order: FIP = THIA > ABA > IVE > CAB > IMI = FEN > CAR > CYP > FLU > ACE > COU = τFLU. The HQs were calculated using the LD50 and arithmetic field-detected concentration for each pesticide in bee bread and honey based on the previous studies. The HQ results indicated THIA had the highest potential risk for honey bees, followed by FIP, CAR, FLU, CYP, CAB, FEN, IMI, COU, τFLU, and ACE. Quadrant-based analysis subsequently revealed that high LD50 values were not necessarily associated with high HQs for nurse honey bees. These findings suggest that differences in the residue concentration of the pesticides due to differences in their chemical properties and usages can influence their actual risk in natural systems, which is not in direct accordance with their toxicity. This study thus highlights the importance of assessing the effect of agrochemicals on honey bees in an ecological context.
{"title":"Comparison of the toxicity and potential ecological risks of various pesticides for nurses of honey bee (Apis mellifera. L)","authors":"Euijin You , JooHeon Cha , HeeJin Kim , Young Ho Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The honey bee (<em>Apis mellifera</em>. L) is an important pollinator worldwide, but it is facing significant population declines due to the influence of various factors, particularly the use of pesticides. Forager bees come into contact with pesticides during their foraging activity, while nurse bees are exposed to pesticides within the hive when they consume contaminated food sources. Based on established pesticide exposure routes, the present study assessed the oral toxicity and ecotoxic risks of 13 pesticides, including two organophosphates [coumaphos (COU) and fenitrothion (FEN)], two pyrethroids [τ-fluvalinate (τFLU) and cypermethrin (CYP)], four neonicotinoids [acetamiprid (ACE), imidacloprid (IMI), thiamethoxam (THIA), and flupyradifurone (FLU)], two carbamates [carbaryl (CAR) and carbofuran (CAB)], two avermectins [abamectin (ABA) and ivermectin (IVE)], and one phenyl pyrazole, fipronil (FIP) for nurse bees using the median lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) and hazard quotients (HQs), respectively. Based on LD<sub>50</sub> data from bioassays and previous reports, ranking pesticides by their toxicity for nurse bees resulted in the following order: FIP = THIA > ABA > IVE > CAB > IMI = FEN > CAR > CYP > FLU > ACE > COU = τFLU. The HQs were calculated using the LD<sub>50</sub> and arithmetic field-detected concentration for each pesticide in bee bread and honey based on the previous studies. The HQ results indicated THIA had the highest potential risk for honey bees, followed by FIP, CAR, FLU, CYP, CAB, FEN, IMI, COU, τFLU, and ACE. Quadrant-based analysis subsequently revealed that high LD<sub>50</sub> values were not necessarily associated with high HQs for nurse honey bees. These findings suggest that differences in the residue concentration of the pesticides due to differences in their chemical properties and usages can influence their actual risk in natural systems, which is not in direct accordance with their toxicity. This study thus highlights the importance of assessing the effect of agrochemicals on honey bees in an ecological context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 791-801"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.005
Jianjun Lian , Weiwei Li , Haocheng Tao , Bo Chen , Jiajia Lian , Qiaoping Kong , Qingqing Li
With the enhancement of environmental awareness, the efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst activated peracetic acid (PAA) technology has been research focus of research in recent years. Herein, octahedral Cu/CN500 derived from nitrogen doped copper-based metal organic framework (N-Cu-MOF) was prepared by a calcination strategy, and was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the PAA-activated degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The k value for TCH removal in the Cu/CN500/PAA system was three times higher than that in the N-Cu-MOF/PAA system, showing excellent PAA activation by Cu/CN500. The Cu2+/Cu+ redox cycle facilitated PAA activation, which generated reactive species such as HO•, CH3C(O)O•, CH3C(O)OO•, 1O2 and O2·-. Among these, CH₃C(O)OO• and 1O2 played a dominant role in facilitating the degradation of TCH. Furthermore, the effects of humic acid (HA), Cl−, and NO3− on the degradation of TCH were negligible in the Cu/CN500/PAA system. Based on density-functional theory (DFT) calculations and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses, the degradation pathways of TCH were further elucidated. Moreover, the toxicity of TCH and its intermediate degradation products was evaluated using the four-season creamy cabbage experiments and the Toxicity Evaluation Software Tool. The results indicated that the biological toxicity of TCH diminishes as the degradation process progresses. Finally, the practical application of the material is explored. This study described the performance of an efficient and easily separable catalyst for PAA activation, which promoted the development and application of PAA-based AOPs in wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Octahedral zero-valent copper activated peracetic acid for efficient tetracycline hydrochloride degradation under neutral condition: Theoretical calculation and toxicity evaluation","authors":"Jianjun Lian , Weiwei Li , Haocheng Tao , Bo Chen , Jiajia Lian , Qiaoping Kong , Qingqing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the enhancement of environmental awareness, the efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst activated peracetic acid (PAA) technology has been research focus of research in recent years. Herein, octahedral Cu/CN500 derived from nitrogen doped copper-based metal organic framework (N-Cu-MOF) was prepared by a calcination strategy, and was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the PAA-activated degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The <em>k</em> value for TCH removal in the Cu/CN500/PAA system was three times higher than that in the N-Cu-MOF/PAA system, showing excellent PAA activation by Cu/CN500. The Cu<sup>2+</sup>/Cu<sup>+</sup> redox cycle facilitated PAA activation, which generated reactive species such as HO•, CH<sub>3</sub>C(O)O•, CH<sub>3</sub>C(O)OO•, <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub><sup>·-</sup>. Among these, CH₃C(O)OO• and <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> played a dominant role in facilitating the degradation of TCH. Furthermore, the effects of humic acid (HA), Cl<sup>−</sup>, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> on the degradation of TCH were negligible in the Cu/CN500/PAA system. Based on density-functional theory (DFT) calculations and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses, the degradation pathways of TCH were further elucidated. Moreover, the toxicity of TCH and its intermediate degradation products was evaluated using the four-season creamy cabbage experiments and the Toxicity Evaluation Software Tool. The results indicated that the biological toxicity of TCH diminishes as the degradation process progresses. Finally, the practical application of the material is explored. This study described the performance of an efficient and easily separable catalyst for PAA activation, which promoted the development and application of PAA-based AOPs in wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 910-923"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.02.006
Hao Wang , Jianxiong Mei , Zeying He , Bingjie Liu , Jishi Wang , Yue Geng , Yanwei Zhang
Different metabolic damage could be caused by PFOA isomers, although the harm mechanism has not been well studied. The effects of PFOA isomers on Arabidopsis metabolism were investigated using metabolomics, proteomics and molecular docking. Compared to Pn (linear PFOA), P3 (3 - methyl - perfluoroheptanoic acid, P3MHpA) induced a greater amount of oxidative damage and more dysregulation proteins. Both PFOA isomers caused significant metabolic disorders in oxidative stress and photosynthetic dysregulation, and they happened in similar molecular components including chloroplast and thylakoids. Proteins were more readily bound by ionic PFOA, and P3 exhibited higher ability than Pn. Isomers of the ionic PFOA bound to proteins in photosynthesis, particularly the ETC proteins, leading to a blockage of the electron transport chains in the chloroplast, which induced oxidative stress and photosynthetic toxicity. This study provides a novel and important mechanism for the photosynthetic toxicity of different PFOA isomers.
{"title":"The blockage of the electron transport chains caused by PFOA isomers induced metabolic damage of Arabidopsis leaves","authors":"Hao Wang , Jianxiong Mei , Zeying He , Bingjie Liu , Jishi Wang , Yue Geng , Yanwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different metabolic damage could be caused by PFOA isomers, although the harm mechanism has not been well studied. The effects of PFOA isomers on Arabidopsis metabolism were investigated using metabolomics, proteomics and molecular docking. Compared to Pn (linear PFOA), P3 (3 - methyl - perfluoroheptanoic acid, P3MHpA) induced a greater amount of oxidative damage and more dysregulation proteins. Both PFOA isomers caused significant metabolic disorders in oxidative stress and photosynthetic dysregulation, and they happened in similar molecular components including chloroplast and thylakoids. Proteins were more readily bound by ionic PFOA, and P3 exhibited higher ability than Pn. Isomers of the ionic PFOA bound to proteins in photosynthesis, particularly the ETC proteins, leading to a blockage of the electron transport chains in the chloroplast, which induced oxidative stress and photosynthetic toxicity. This study provides a novel and important mechanism for the photosynthetic toxicity of different PFOA isomers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 516-526"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2024.12.004
Sailaja Priyadarsini, Alok Prasad Das
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are crucial for energy storage but pose environmental and health risks due to toxic materials like lithium, cobalt, and nickel. Their rapid increase raises concerns about soil and water contamination from improper disposal, highlighting the need for effective recycling. Developing strategies requires understanding their chemical and structural composition, as well as assessing battery safety and integrity to minimize risks during processing. This study presents a comprehensive analytical and structural characterization of waste LIBs to apprise recycling processes using techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the phase changes, material degradation, and chemical composition of the cathode, anode, electrolyte, and binder materials in spent LIBs. SEM micrographs and EDX mapping of LIB residues at 1000× and 1500× magnifications showed rough, spherical particles with a uniform size distribution of 10–12 μm. These particles, identified as metal and metal oxide components from the cathodes, play a key role in influencing microbial interactions and enhancing metal recovery efficiency during bioleaching. XRD patterns indicated the crystalline structures of LiCoO₂, with a dominant peak at 2θ = 26.39°. At the same time, Li (Ni Co Mn) O₂ exhibited distinct peaks at 2θ = 18.7°, 26.39°, 44.46°, and 66.18°, with some overlapping with LiCoO₂ at lower intensities. The FTIR spectrum provided insights into the chemical composition and molecular structures supporting the recycling of LIBs by offering critical information to improve material recovery, optimize processes, and enhance sustainability. This study underscores the importance of characterization in developing sustainable and cost-effective recycling strategies for LIBs.
锂离子电池（lib）对于能量存储至关重要，但由于锂、钴和镍等有毒材料，它会带来环境和健康风险。它们的迅速增加引起了人们对处置不当造成土壤和水污染的担忧，突出了有效回收的必要性。开发策略需要了解它们的化学和结构组成，以及评估电池的安全性和完整性，以最大限度地降低加工过程中的风险。本研究采用扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线衍射（XRD）、能量色散x射线（EDX）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）等技术，对废lib进行了全面的分析和结构表征，以了解回收过程，研究废lib中阴极、阳极、电解质和粘结剂材料的相变、材料降解和化学成分。1000倍和1500倍放大镜下的扫描电镜和EDX图显示，LIB残留物具有10-12 μm大小均匀分布的粗糙球形颗粒。这些颗粒被鉴定为来自阴极的金属和金属氧化物组分，在生物浸出过程中影响微生物相互作用和提高金属回收率方面起着关键作用。XRD谱图显示了licoo2的晶体结构，其优势峰位于2θ = 26.39°。同时，Li (Ni Co Mn) O₂在2θ = 18.7°、26.39°、44.46°和66.18°处有明显的峰，在较低强度处与LiCoO₂有重叠。FTIR光谱通过提供关键信息来改善材料回收、优化工艺和增强可持续性，从而深入了解支持lib循环利用的化学成分和分子结构。本研究强调了表征在开发可持续和具有成本效益的lib回收策略中的重要性。
{"title":"Analytical and structural characterization of waste lithium-ion batteries for their effective recycling strategy","authors":"Sailaja Priyadarsini, Alok Prasad Das","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are crucial for energy storage but pose environmental and health risks due to toxic materials like lithium, cobalt, and nickel. Their rapid increase raises concerns about soil and water contamination from improper disposal, highlighting the need for effective recycling. Developing strategies requires understanding their chemical and structural composition, as well as assessing battery safety and integrity to minimize risks during processing. This study presents a comprehensive analytical and structural characterization of waste LIBs to apprise recycling processes using techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the phase changes, material degradation, and chemical composition of the cathode, anode, electrolyte, and binder materials in spent LIBs. SEM micrographs and EDX mapping of LIB residues at 1000× and 1500× magnifications showed rough, spherical particles with a uniform size distribution of 10–12 μm. These particles, identified as metal and metal oxide components from the cathodes, play a key role in influencing microbial interactions and enhancing metal recovery efficiency during bioleaching. XRD patterns indicated the crystalline structures of LiCoO₂, with a dominant peak at 2θ = 26.39°. At the same time, Li (Ni Co Mn) O₂ exhibited distinct peaks at 2θ = 18.7°, 26.39°, 44.46°, and 66.18°, with some overlapping with LiCoO₂ at lower intensities. The FTIR spectrum provided insights into the chemical composition and molecular structures supporting the recycling of LIBs by offering critical information to improve material recovery, optimize processes, and enhance sustainability. This study underscores the importance of characterization in developing sustainable and cost-effective recycling strategies for LIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 182-191"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.025
Yiping Feng , Jiayong Lao , Jingchuan Xue
The transformation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) in biological and environmental systems can significantly alter its properties and toxicity, posing potential risks to human health and biological systems. This study systematically examines the cytotoxicity evolution of protonated carbon nitride (p-C3N4) toward red blood cells and elucidates its underlying mechanisms. Hemolysis assays revealed that p-C3N4 exhibits enhanced phospholipid membrane-rupturing capabilities compared to pristine g-C3N4, with absence of significant lipid peroxidation detected via malondialdehyde assays. Surface characterization revealed that protonation reduces the net negative charge of carbon nitride, thereby increasing its affinity with phospholipid membranes. Molecular docking simulations identified that the interactions between p-C3N4 and phospholipid molecules are governed by electrostatic and hydrophobic forces, as well as hydrogen bonding with oxygen-containing functional groups. Molecular dynamics simulations further revealed that larger oxygen-bearing macropores on p-C3N4 allow for tight and specific binding with phospholipid headgroups, facilitating efficient lipid extraction and intensifying membrane disruption. These findings provide critical insights into the cytotoxic changes that carbon nitride materials may undergo during transformations, emphasizing the importance of careful application and disposal of them in biomedical and environmental contexts. Furthermore, this work highlights opportunities to mitigate associated risks or use surface protonation for enhanced functionality in carbon nitride-based technologies.
{"title":"Surface protonation amplifies carbon nitride nanosheet-induced phospholipid extraction: Mechanistic insights into enhanced cytotoxicity","authors":"Yiping Feng , Jiayong Lao , Jingchuan Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transformation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) in biological and environmental systems can significantly alter its properties and toxicity, posing potential risks to human health and biological systems. This study systematically examines the cytotoxicity evolution of protonated carbon nitride (p-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) toward red blood cells and elucidates its underlying mechanisms. Hemolysis assays revealed that p-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> exhibits enhanced phospholipid membrane-rupturing capabilities compared to pristine g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, with absence of significant lipid peroxidation detected via malondialdehyde assays. Surface characterization revealed that protonation reduces the net negative charge of carbon nitride, thereby increasing its affinity with phospholipid membranes. Molecular docking simulations identified that the interactions between p-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and phospholipid molecules are governed by electrostatic and hydrophobic forces, as well as hydrogen bonding with oxygen-containing functional groups. Molecular dynamics simulations further revealed that larger oxygen-bearing macropores on p-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> allow for tight and specific binding with phospholipid headgroups, facilitating efficient lipid extraction and intensifying membrane disruption. These findings provide critical insights into the cytotoxic changes that carbon nitride materials may undergo during transformations, emphasizing the importance of careful application and disposal of them in biomedical and environmental contexts. Furthermore, this work highlights opportunities to mitigate associated risks or use surface protonation for enhanced functionality in carbon nitride-based technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 1169-1177"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.023
De-yu Tang , Tian-mi Wang , Ling-ling Yan , Ke-yu Long , Luo-lin Deng , Zhi-chuan Shi , Juan Lin , Qing-han Zhou
In this study, a novel Fe doped carbon/COF nanofibrous membrane was prepared for selective adsorption and efficiently photocatalytic degradation on dyes. The Fe doped carbon nanofiber was obtained from electron-spinning polyacrylonitrile/sodium alginate/MIL-88 A nanofiber following with a carbonization procedure. Subsequently, the covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) were formed in situ on the carbon nanofiber to prepare the novel Fe-doped carbon/covalent triazine frameworks (C/Fe@CTFs). The C/Fe@CTFs membrane exhibits selective adsorption on malachite green (MG) due to the confining effect of the CTFs. The adsorption experiments reveal that pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model fit better to the real process on MG adsorption, and DFT calculation is utilized to investigate the affinity between absorbent and adsorbate by determining the electron density and molecular orbital of each sample. Moreover, the C/Fe@CTFs presents improved photocatalytic effect against MG with a removal rate of 93.6 % with promoted service life under simulated sunlight irradiation. In brief, the C/Fe@CTFs membrane displays selectively adsorbing, efficiently photo-catalysing, improved bacteria inhibiting is a promising candidate for practical application on dye pollutant removal in water treatment.
在本研究中，制备了一种新型的Fe掺杂碳/COF纳米纤维膜，用于染料的选择性吸附和高效光催化降解。以电子纺聚丙烯腈/海藻酸钠/ mil - 88a纳米纤维为原料，经炭化工艺制备了Fe掺杂碳纳米纤维。随后，在碳纳米纤维上原位形成共价三嗪框架（CTFs），制备新型掺铁碳/共价三嗪框架（C/Fe@CTFs）。由于CTFs的限制作用，C/Fe@CTFs膜对孔雀石绿（MG）表现出选择性吸附。吸附实验表明，拟二级动力学和Langmuir等温线模型更符合MG吸附的实际过程，并利用DFT计算通过测定每个样品的电子密度和分子轨道来研究吸附剂和吸附物之间的亲和关系。此外，C/Fe@CTFs在模拟阳光照射下对MG的光催化效果更好，去除率达93.6%，使用寿命延长。总之，C/Fe@CTFs膜具有选择性吸附、高效光催化、增强抑菌性等特点，在水处理中去除染料污染物方面具有广阔的应用前景。
{"title":"Fe doped carbon/COFs electro-spinning nanofiber for selective adsorption and photocatalytic degradation on dye pollutant by confining effect in treatment of water","authors":"De-yu Tang , Tian-mi Wang , Ling-ling Yan , Ke-yu Long , Luo-lin Deng , Zhi-chuan Shi , Juan Lin , Qing-han Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel Fe doped carbon/COF nanofibrous membrane was prepared for selective adsorption and efficiently photocatalytic degradation on dyes. The Fe doped carbon nanofiber was obtained from electron-spinning polyacrylonitrile/sodium alginate/MIL-88 A nanofiber following with a carbonization procedure. Subsequently, the covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) were formed in situ on the carbon nanofiber to prepare the novel Fe-doped carbon/covalent triazine frameworks (C/Fe@CTFs). The C/Fe@CTFs membrane exhibits selective adsorption on malachite green (MG) due to the confining effect of the CTFs. The adsorption experiments reveal that pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model fit better to the real process on MG adsorption, and DFT calculation is utilized to investigate the affinity between absorbent and adsorbate by determining the electron density and molecular orbital of each sample. Moreover, the C/Fe@CTFs presents improved photocatalytic effect against MG with a removal rate of 93.6 % with promoted service life under simulated sunlight irradiation. In brief, the C/Fe@CTFs membrane displays selectively adsorbing, efficiently photo-catalysing, improved bacteria inhibiting is a promising candidate for practical application on dye pollutant removal in water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 1178-1188"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.009
David Fernández-Casado, Javier García-Muñoz, Ángel Portillo-Moreno, Salomé Martínez-Morcillo, María Prado Míguez-Santiyán, Marcos Pérez-López, Francisco Soler-Rodríguez
Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) have been the main tool to control rodent pests since the 1950s; however, they can affect “non-target” species causing serious environmental problems, such as secondary poisonings in wildlife by an indirect route of exposure. Mesocarnivores are the second group of wild animals most affected by ARs poisoning, only preceded by raptors, with dire incidence values in the literature: 63.78% of the studied animals were exposed to ARs. This exposure is mainly due to life history traits, such as diet (increasingly based on rodents and micromammals), ethology (opportunistic animals, scavenging), and adaptations to the anthropized environment. In this review, we have compiled data from over 40 studies from 17 countries from the 1990s to the present. A total of 11 different ARs were analyzed. Brodifacoum had the highest detection incidence (56.31%). In some cases, several ARs were detected in the same animal. Secondary intoxication (from food based on ARs target species or their carcasses) is the main type of AR intoxication in mesocarnivores. Among the most affected species are the fox (Vulpes vulpes) (Europe) and the fisher (Pekania pennanti) (an endangered mustelid in the USA). In most cases, the AR concentrations in the liver exceeded the diagnostic threshold (100–200 ng/g wet weight), although sublethal exposure was also a problem. The impact of ARs on mesocarnivore populations is unknown, mainly because of the lack of specific studies which usually focus on other species that are of “greater interest” because of biological, economic, or social reasons. In addition, there is a lack of research on the toxic effects of sublethal exposure to ARs, which may contribute to the death of predators. More exhaustive analysis and study of the real implications of ARs on the world's mesocarnivores and the application of mechanisms to mitigate exposure, as well as the search for new alternatives for pest control, are therefore needed.
{"title":"Anticoagulant rodenticides in mesocarnivores around the world: A review","authors":"David Fernández-Casado, Javier García-Muñoz, Ángel Portillo-Moreno, Salomé Martínez-Morcillo, María Prado Míguez-Santiyán, Marcos Pérez-López, Francisco Soler-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) have been the main tool to control rodent pests since the 1950s; however, they can affect “non-target” species causing serious environmental problems, such as secondary poisonings in wildlife by an indirect route of exposure. Mesocarnivores are the second group of wild animals most affected by ARs poisoning, only preceded by raptors, with dire incidence values in the literature: 63.78% of the studied animals were exposed to ARs. This exposure is mainly due to life history traits, such as diet (increasingly based on rodents and micromammals), ethology (opportunistic animals, scavenging), and adaptations to the anthropized environment. In this review, we have compiled data from over 40 studies from 17 countries from the 1990s to the present. A total of 11 different ARs were analyzed. Brodifacoum had the highest detection incidence (56.31%). In some cases, several ARs were detected in the same animal. Secondary intoxication (from food based on ARs target species or their carcasses) is the main type of AR intoxication in mesocarnivores. Among the most affected species are the fox (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>) (Europe) and the fisher (<em>Pekania pennanti</em>) (an endangered mustelid in the USA). In most cases, the AR concentrations in the liver exceeded the diagnostic threshold (100–200 ng/g wet weight), although sublethal exposure was also a problem. The impact of ARs on mesocarnivore populations is unknown, mainly because of the lack of specific studies which usually focus on other species that are of “greater interest” because of biological, economic, or social reasons. In addition, there is a lack of research on the toxic effects of sublethal exposure to ARs, which may contribute to the death of predators. More exhaustive analysis and study of the real implications of ARs on the world's mesocarnivores and the application of mechanisms to mitigate exposure, as well as the search for new alternatives for pest control, are therefore needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 966-979"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.01.002
Chao Yan , Qirui Wu , Rui Li , Zuobing Liang , Zaizhi Yang , Aiping Zhu , Lei Gao
Rapid industrialization is typically the primary cause for heavy metals [HMs: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb)] contamination in urbanized river basins. In this study, sediment cores were collected from the Xizhi River (XZR) of the Pearl River Delta, South China, and its tributary, the Danshui River (DSR), to analyze the total concentrations and geochemical fractions of these HMs and to assess their potential hazards to the river ecosystem. By integrating a traditional geochemical model and multivariate statistical analysis into a positive matrix factorization (PMF) method, we quantitatively identified the possible sources of HM contamination in the sediments. The total concentrations of sediment HMs distinctly exceeded local background values and were higher in the DSR compared to the XZR. The enrichment levels of HMs were influenced not only by sediment properties, such as texture, but also, more critically, by the distribution of contamination sources. Sediment Cu, Zn, Cd, and Ni were dominated by acid-soluble fractions (31.4–56.2 %), exhibiting a great mobility potential; while reducible and oxidizable fractions were the predominant geochemical forms for Pb (45.0 ± 12.8 %) and Cr (37.3 ± 7.09 %). Based on the geo-accumulation index and enrichment factor of individual metals, contamination levels decreased in the order of Cd > Cu, Zn, and Ni > Cr and Pb. Sediment Cd was identified as the major contributor to the potential ecological risks posed to aquatic species. Across the entire watershed, the main sources of HM contamination were identified as industrial effluents (54 %), agrochemicals (16 %), domestic sewage (14 %), and weathering of parent rocks (16 %).
{"title":"Enrichment features, ecological risks assessment and quantitative sources appointment of sediment heavy metals: An example of the urbanized Xizhi River catchment, South China","authors":"Chao Yan , Qirui Wu , Rui Li , Zuobing Liang , Zaizhi Yang , Aiping Zhu , Lei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid industrialization is typically the primary cause for heavy metals [HMs: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb)] contamination in urbanized river basins. In this study, sediment cores were collected from the Xizhi River (XZR) of the Pearl River Delta, South China, and its tributary, the Danshui River (DSR), to analyze the total concentrations and geochemical fractions of these HMs and to assess their potential hazards to the river ecosystem. By integrating a traditional geochemical model and multivariate statistical analysis into a positive matrix factorization (PMF) method, we quantitatively identified the possible sources of HM contamination in the sediments. The total concentrations of sediment HMs distinctly exceeded local background values and were higher in the DSR compared to the XZR. The enrichment levels of HMs were influenced not only by sediment properties, such as texture, but also, more critically, by the distribution of contamination sources. Sediment Cu, Zn, Cd, and Ni were dominated by acid-soluble fractions (31.4–56.2 %), exhibiting a great mobility potential; while reducible and oxidizable fractions were the predominant geochemical forms for Pb (45.0 ± 12.8 %) and Cr (37.3 ± 7.09 %). Based on the geo-accumulation index and enrichment factor of individual metals, contamination levels decreased in the order of Cd > Cu, Zn, and Ni > Cr and Pb. Sediment Cd was identified as the major contributor to the potential ecological risks posed to aquatic species. Across the entire watershed, the main sources of HM contamination were identified as industrial effluents (54 %), agrochemicals (16 %), domestic sewage (14 %), and weathering of parent rocks (16 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 263-274"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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