Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology最新文献

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Impacts of urban runoff pollutants on biofilm communities 城市径流污染物对生物膜群落的影响

IF 8.2 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.12.018

Neus Besolí-Mestres , Anna Freixa , Lorena Cojoc , M. Isabel Cadena-Aizaga , Mira Petrovic , Sergi Sabater

Background

Urban runoff transports a wide array of inorganic and organic materials, such as organic matter, salt, dust, plastics and a high diversity of pollutants, which may harm freshwater ecosystems, especially during the initial runoff inputs. The aim of this study is to assess the structural and functional impacts on freshwater biofilms subjected to urban runoff pollutants.

Methods

We provide a first assessment exposing natural freshwater biofilms to progressive dilution of pure first-flush urban runoff under controlled laboratory conditions. In parallel, we examined the effects of selected pollutants found in urban runoff on biofilms, testing them individually and in combination.

Findings

Urban runoff contained 47 compounds from 9 different families. The most abundant were 1,3-diphenylguanidine (a tire-related additive), caffeine (a stimulant), and zinc (a metal), each reaching concentrations close to 30 μg L^{- 1}. Dissolved organic carbon was also high (25 mg L⁻¹). Impacts of urban runoff on biofilms were strongest at 25 % dilution, and overall impacts were moderate, reflecting a balance inhibitory influence of pollutants and stimulatory effects of dissolved organic carbon and nutrients. The selected pollutants experiment revealed that biofilms were most sensitive to the mixture of pollutants and to diuron, followed by the 16PAHs and BBP.

Conclusions

Overall, our results highlight the complex and non-linear responses of stream biofilms to urban runoff inputs, emphasizing the need to control the types and quantities of pollutants released, with particular attention to emerging contaminants.

城市径流输送了大量的无机和有机物质，如有机质、盐、粉尘、塑料和多种污染物，这些物质可能会损害淡水生态系统，特别是在最初的径流输入期间。本研究的目的是评估城市径流污染物对淡水生物膜结构和功能的影响。方法我们提供了第一个评估，在受控的实验室条件下，将天然淡水生物膜暴露于纯首次冲洗的城市径流的逐步稀释中。同时，我们研究了城市径流中选定的污染物对生物膜的影响，分别对它们进行了测试和组合测试。发现城市径流含有来自9个不同科的47种化合物。其中含量最高的是1,3-二苯基胍（一种与轮胎有关的添加剂）、咖啡因（一种兴奋剂）和锌（一种金属），它们的浓度都接近30 μg L- 1。溶解有机碳也很高（25 mg L−1）。在稀释度为25%时，城市径流对生物膜的影响最大，总体影响中等，反映了污染物的抑制作用与溶解有机碳和营养物质的刺激作用的平衡。选择污染物实验表明，生物膜对污染物混合物最敏感，对diuron最敏感，其次是16PAHs和BBP。总体而言，我们的研究结果强调了河流生物膜对城市径流输入的复杂和非线性响应，强调需要控制污染物释放的类型和数量，特别是对新出现的污染物。

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Complex co-contaminant responses of Chlorella sp. and its phycosphere microbiota under co-exposure to PET microfibers and oxytetracycline PET微纤维和土霉素对小球藻及其藻球微生物群的复合共污染响应

IF 8.2 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enceco.2025.12.025

Jiaye Deng , Wenyan Lu , Jiamei Wang , Shuyuan Zhong , Xinrui Xu , Liufu Wang , Hui Yang , Yingying Zhang

Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotics co-occur in aquatic environments, yet their joint ecological effects remain poorly understood. We examined polyethylene terephthalate microplastic fibers (PET-MFs) and oxytetracycline (OTC, 2 mg/L), alone and in combination, on Chlorella sp. and its phycosphere microbiome over 28 days. Microscopy revealed extensive algal adhesion to fibers and aggregated clusters. PET-MFs dose-dependently inhibited algal growth by lowering photosynthetic efficiency, disrupting pigment synthesis, and inducing oxidative stress, and shifted the phycosphere microbiome by reducing Rhodobacter and Brevundimonas and enriching Paucibacter. Transcriptomics showed a strong dose response: LMF (5000 particles/L MFs) induced 216 DEGs, versus 2920 DEGs in HMF (50,000 particles/L MFs); OTC alone caused 2443 DEGs and suppressed glycolysis/pyruvate metabolism and photosynthesis related gene expression despite limited biomass effects. Co-exposure amplified disturbance to 7126 DEGs in LMO (LMF and OTC) and 12,880 DEGs in HMO (HMF and OTC), exceeding either single treatment. Although total bacterial abundance changed little, ARGs/MGEs increased, with intI2 elevated in all MF-containing groups and tet genes promoted by OTC. Correlation analyses support an algae–microbiome–resistome linkage: algal traits (OD680, Chl-a, Fv/fm) tracked shifts in dominant genera, which co-varied with int and tet modules, while soluble protein/EPS aligned with higher int/tet signals. Together, these results indicate complex, non-linear PET-MF–OTC interactions, with algal physiology likely mediating microbiome structure and ARG dynamics. This study advances mechanistic understanding of pollutant–microalgae–microbiome crosstalk and highlights ecological risks from co-occurring MPs and antibiotics.

微塑料（MPs）和抗生素在水生环境中共同存在，但它们的联合生态效应仍然知之甚少。我们检测了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯微塑料纤维（PET-MFs）和土霉素（OTC, 2mg /L）单独或联合使用对小球藻及其藻球微生物群28天的影响。显微镜检查显示广泛的藻类附着在纤维和聚集的簇上。PET-MFs通过降低光合效率、破坏色素合成和诱导氧化应激来剂量依赖地抑制藻类生长，并通过减少红杆菌和短单胞菌和丰富贫杆菌来改变藻圈微生物组。转录组学显示出强烈的剂量反应：LMF（5000颗粒/L MFs）诱导216个deg，而HMF（50,000颗粒/L MFs）诱导2920个deg；OTC单独产生2443个deg，抑制糖酵解/丙酮酸代谢和光合作用相关基因表达，尽管生物量影响有限。共暴露将干扰放大到LMO （LMF和OTC）的7126 deg， HMO （HMF和OTC）的12,880 deg，超过任何单一处理。虽然细菌总丰度变化不大，但ARGs/MGEs增加，所有含mf组的intI2升高，OTC促进了tet基因。相关分析支持藻类-微生物组-抵抗组的联系：藻类性状（OD680, Chl-a, Fv/fm）跟踪优势属的变化，这些变化与int和tet模块共同变化，而可溶性蛋白/EPS与较高的int/tet信号一致。总之，这些结果表明复杂的，非线性PET-MF-OTC相互作用，藻类生理可能介导微生物组结构和ARG动力学。这项研究促进了对污染物-微藻-微生物群串扰的机制理解，并强调了MPs和抗生素共同发生的生态风险。

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Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology

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