Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100057
Krishna Kumar S , S.A. Ahmed , Jyothika Karkala , Sanjay Kumar
In recent years, human activities and uneven development have significantly reduced groundwater recharge, which is a crucial resource. Understanding the potential for groundwater is essential for managing and extending research areas. Designing and implementing structures to correct groundwater replenishment requires this knowledge. The Vedavathi River basin shows that groundwater availability varies over time and geography, necessitating a comprehensive assessment. Using a weighted overlay method, the Vedavathi River basin has been categorized into Groundwater Potential Zone (GWPZ): extremely high (1849.912 km2), high (7320.034 km2), moderate (9038.448 km2), low (4804.256 km2), and very low (283.6686 km2). The graphic illustrates that the basin's midland has significant groundwater potential, with substantial groundwater zones found in areas of heavy rainfall and significant infiltration. Our study's GWPZ were cross-validated using data from the Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) observation wells. The map's accuracy was confirmed by matching it with well-yield data. The model's performance was assessed using the Receiver-operation characteristics (ROC) curve, revealing that the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based map achieved an 89% accuracy. This result aligns well with the predicted potential zones and well-yield data. The application of GIS and AHP methods to delineate GWPZ is relevant for river basin planning and development in tropical and subtropical regions with varied geological environments.
{"title":"Assessing the potential of hard rock terrain to store groundwater using AHP techniques in the Vedavathi River Basin, India","authors":"Krishna Kumar S , S.A. Ahmed , Jyothika Karkala , Sanjay Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, human activities and uneven development have significantly reduced groundwater recharge, which is a crucial resource. Understanding the potential for groundwater is essential for managing and extending research areas. Designing and implementing structures to correct groundwater replenishment requires this knowledge. The Vedavathi River basin shows that groundwater availability varies over time and geography, necessitating a comprehensive assessment. Using a weighted overlay method, the Vedavathi River basin has been categorized into Groundwater Potential Zone (GWPZ): extremely high (1849.912 km<sup>2</sup>), high (7320.034 km<sup>2</sup>), moderate (9038.448 km<sup>2</sup>), low (4804.256 km<sup>2</sup>), and very low (283.6686 km<sup>2</sup>). The graphic illustrates that the basin's midland has significant groundwater potential, with substantial groundwater zones found in areas of heavy rainfall and significant infiltration. Our study's GWPZ were cross-validated using data from the Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) observation wells. The map's accuracy was confirmed by matching it with well-yield data. The model's performance was assessed using the Receiver-operation characteristics (ROC) curve, revealing that the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based map achieved an 89% accuracy. This result aligns well with the predicted potential zones and well-yield data. The application of GIS and AHP methods to delineate GWPZ is relevant for river basin planning and development in tropical and subtropical regions with varied geological environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100077
W. Sadiqi , M. Sediqmal , M.A. Mayar , R. Rahmani
Urban flooding poses increasing risks to cities, requiring solutions that integrate hydrological effectiveness with governance feasibility. This study evaluates the combined application of large- and small-scale nature-based solutions (NBS) to improve urban drainage system performance. Using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), three stakeholder-defined NBS combinations were tested under design storm scenarios for a selected study area in Cali, Colombia. The prioritization of measures was guided by Multi-Attribute Value Theory (MAVT), which incorporated input from municipal authorities, planners, and academia through structured scoring of hydrological, technical, and societal criteria. The calibrated and validated SWMM model showed that combined NBS interventions reduced peak runoff by up to 32 percent in major flood events and enhanced delay of peak flow compared to baseline conditions. Simulations under multiple rainfall return periods confirmed the robustness of the results. In addition to hydrological performance, the study highlights co-benefits of NBS such as biodiversity support, urban cooling, and recreational potential, which strengthen their relevance for integrated planning. Unlike optimization-based approaches, the proposed framework emphasizes stakeholder-driven prioritization, ensuring that selected measures align with local governance capacity and community preferences. The findings demonstrate that combining large- and small-scale NBS can provide resilient and socially grounded solutions for urban flood risk management.
城市洪水给城市带来越来越大的风险，需要将水文有效性与治理可行性结合起来的解决方案。本研究评估了大型和小型基于自然的解决方案（NBS）在改善城市排水系统性能方面的联合应用。使用暴雨水管理模型（SWMM），在哥伦比亚卡利选定的研究区域的设计暴雨情景下测试了三种由利益相关者定义的NBS组合。多属性价值理论（Multi-Attribute Value Theory， MAVT）指导了措施的优先排序，该理论通过对水文、技术和社会标准进行结构化评分，整合了市政当局、规划者和学术界的意见。经过校准和验证的SWMM模型显示，与基线条件相比，NBS联合干预措施在重大洪水事件中减少了高达32%的峰值径流，并增强了峰值流量的延迟。多个降雨回归期的模拟验证了结果的稳健性。除了水文性能外，该研究还强调了NBS的协同效益，如生物多样性支持、城市降温和娱乐潜力，这些都加强了它们与综合规划的相关性。与基于优化的方法不同，拟议的框架强调利益相关者驱动的优先顺序，确保选定的措施与地方治理能力和社区偏好保持一致。研究结果表明，将大型和小型国家统计局相结合，可以为城市洪水风险管理提供具有弹性和社会基础的解决方案。
{"title":"Combination of large- and small-scale nature-based solutions for enhancing the performance of urban drainage systems","authors":"W. Sadiqi , M. Sediqmal , M.A. Mayar , R. Rahmani","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban flooding poses increasing risks to cities, requiring solutions that integrate hydrological effectiveness with governance feasibility. This study evaluates the combined application of large- and small-scale nature-based solutions (NBS) to improve urban drainage system performance. Using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), three stakeholder-defined NBS combinations were tested under design storm scenarios for a selected study area in Cali, Colombia. The prioritization of measures was guided by Multi-Attribute Value Theory (MAVT), which incorporated input from municipal authorities, planners, and academia through structured scoring of hydrological, technical, and societal criteria. The calibrated and validated SWMM model showed that combined NBS interventions reduced peak runoff by up to 32 percent in major flood events and enhanced delay of peak flow compared to baseline conditions. Simulations under multiple rainfall return periods confirmed the robustness of the results. In addition to hydrological performance, the study highlights co-benefits of NBS such as biodiversity support, urban cooling, and recreational potential, which strengthen their relevance for integrated planning. Unlike optimization-based approaches, the proposed framework emphasizes stakeholder-driven prioritization, ensuring that selected measures align with local governance capacity and community preferences. The findings demonstrate that combining large- and small-scale NBS can provide resilient and socially grounded solutions for urban flood risk management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100088
Geraldo Marcelo Lima, José Rafael Santos de Jesus, Pablo Santana Santos, Carolina de Almeida Poggio
{"title":"Geomorphometry using UAV-PPK for mapping inselberg landforms","authors":"Geraldo Marcelo Lima, José Rafael Santos de Jesus, Pablo Santana Santos, Carolina de Almeida Poggio","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2024.100052
M. Sol González Estebenet , M. Verónica Guler , Edgardo L. Navarro , Luis Palazzesi , Viviana D. Barreda , Juan P. Pérez Panera , Andrea Caramés
The Península Valdés es-1 well exhibits the most complete stratigraphic record of an important Danian Atlantic marine event in Patagonia, Argentina. Biostratigraphic analysis of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts) along with sporomorphs, calcareous nannofossils and foraminiferal complementary data allowed the identification of three stratigraphic intervals of earliest Danian, early to middle Danian and late Danian ages. Diagnostic palynomorph events were recognized including the highest occurrences of the dinocysts Danea californica and Senoniasphaera inornata; the highest common occurrences of Trithyrodinium evittii and Trithyridinium verrucosum. A basal spike of the Cheirolepidiaceae pollen Classopollis provides further evidence of the flourishing of this opportunistic taxon in disturbed ecosystems related to the K/P mass extinction event. The nannofossil zones NP1 to NP4 were identified throughout the section, as well as the foraminifera zones P1b–P1c in the middle and upper part. The microfossil composition reveals fluctuating proximal and neritic environments, as well as a maximum flooding episode; the latter, indicated by the outer neritic Spiniferites, the oceanic taxa Impagidiniumr, along with a glauconitic level. Two warm-sea surface temperature episodes were identified; the oldest, in the early Danian, indicated by the thermophilic dinocysts Trithyrodinium, Hafniasphera and Cordospheridium; and the youngest, in the late Danian, marked by Glaphyrocysta, Hafniasphaera, Tectatodinium pellitum and Pierceites spp. together with frost-intolerant sporomorph taxa and the warm-water foraminifer Boltovskoyella paleocenica. This study contributes to the Argentina paleogeography, achieving a refined marine reconstruction model for the early Paleocene.
{"title":"Biostratigraphy, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate in northeastern Patagonia during the early Paleocene based on the micropaleontological record","authors":"M. Sol González Estebenet , M. Verónica Guler , Edgardo L. Navarro , Luis Palazzesi , Viviana D. Barreda , Juan P. Pérez Panera , Andrea Caramés","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2024.100052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2024.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Península Valdés es-1 well exhibits the most complete stratigraphic record of an important Danian Atlantic marine event in Patagonia, Argentina. Biostratigraphic analysis of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts) along with sporomorphs, calcareous nannofossils and foraminiferal complementary data allowed the identification of three stratigraphic intervals of earliest Danian, early to middle Danian and late Danian ages. Diagnostic palynomorph events were recognized including the highest occurrences of the dinocysts <em>Danea californica</em> and <em>Senoniasphaera inornata</em>; the highest common occurrences of <em>Trithyrodinium evittii</em> and <em>Trithyridinium verrucosum</em>. A basal spike of the Cheirolepidiaceae pollen <em>Classopollis</em> provides further evidence of the flourishing of this opportunistic taxon in disturbed ecosystems related to the K/P mass extinction event. The nannofossil zones NP1 to NP4 were identified throughout the section, as well as the foraminifera zones P1b–P1c in the middle and upper part. The microfossil composition reveals fluctuating proximal and neritic environments, as well as a maximum flooding episode; the latter, indicated by the outer neritic <em>Spiniferites</em>, the oceanic taxa <em>Impagidinium</em>r, along with a glauconitic level. Two warm-sea surface temperature episodes were identified; the oldest, in the early Danian, indicated by the thermophilic dinocysts <em>Trithyrodinium</em>, <em>Hafniasphera</em> and <em>Cordospheridium</em>; and the youngest, in the late Danian, marked by <em>Glaphyrocysta</em>, <em>Hafniasphaera</em>, <em>Tectatodinium pellitum</em> and <em>Pierceites</em> spp. together with frost-intolerant sporomorph taxa and the warm-water foraminifer <em>Boltovskoyella paleocenica.</em> This study contributes to the Argentina paleogeography, achieving a refined marine reconstruction model for the early Paleocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100073
Arif H. Ansari , Yogmaya Shukla , Gaurav K. Singh , Archana Sonker , Mohammad Arif Ansari , Arunaditya Das
Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) serve as critical archives of early biosignatures; however, uncertainties remain regarding the biological affinities, metabolic pathways, and their role in Earth's early oxidation history. This study investigates the Mesoarchean Girar BIF (2850 ± 26 Ma) from the Bundelkhand craton using an integrated micropaleontological and geochemical approach to address these questions. Well-preserved spheroidal microfossils, morphologically similar to Huroniospora, are documented. The organic carbon isotopic signatures (δ13C-org ranging from −27.8 ‰ to −35.2 ‰) indicate a biological origin mainly linked to anoxygenic photosynthesizers, methanogenic archaea, or methanotrophic bacteria, and to some extent cyanobacterial activity. These observations suggest that Fe2+ oxidation within the Girar-Baraitha BIF was predominantly driven by anaerobic photoferrotrophs, rather than abiotic processes. Geochemical proxies, including Sm/Yb versus Eu/Sm ratios, point to hydrothermal fluid and seawater mixing in proportions of 1:1000 to 1:100, supported by a pronounced positive Eu/Eu∗ (>2), indicating substantial hydrothermal Fe input. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that anaerobic photosynthesis, particularly photoferrotrophy, played a central role in iron deposition in the Girar-Baraitha BIF. Abiotic oxidation, while present, was likely a secondary process facilitated by localized oxidative conditions. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of early Earth's biogeochemical cycles, microbial ecosystems, and the mechanisms driving surface oxidation and iron formation during the Mesoarchean.
{"title":"Anaerobic photoferrotrophy and hydrothermal influence in the Mesoarchean Girar banded iron formation: insights from micropaleontology and geochemistry","authors":"Arif H. Ansari , Yogmaya Shukla , Gaurav K. Singh , Archana Sonker , Mohammad Arif Ansari , Arunaditya Das","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) serve as critical archives of early biosignatures; however, uncertainties remain regarding the biological affinities, metabolic pathways, and their role in Earth's early oxidation history. This study investigates the Mesoarchean Girar BIF (2850 ± 26 Ma) from the Bundelkhand craton using an integrated micropaleontological and geochemical approach to address these questions. Well-preserved spheroidal microfossils, morphologically similar to <em>Huroniospora</em>, are documented. The organic carbon isotopic signatures (δ<sup>13</sup>C-org ranging from −27.8 ‰ to −35.2 ‰) indicate a biological origin mainly linked to anoxygenic photosynthesizers, methanogenic archaea, or methanotrophic bacteria, and to some extent cyanobacterial activity. These observations suggest that Fe<sup>2+</sup> oxidation within the Girar-Baraitha BIF was predominantly driven by anaerobic photoferrotrophs, rather than abiotic processes. Geochemical proxies, including Sm/Yb versus Eu/Sm ratios, point to hydrothermal fluid and seawater mixing in proportions of 1:1000 to 1:100, supported by a pronounced positive Eu/Eu∗ (>2), indicating substantial hydrothermal Fe input. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that anaerobic photosynthesis, particularly photoferrotrophy, played a central role in iron deposition in the Girar-Baraitha BIF. Abiotic oxidation, while present, was likely a secondary process facilitated by localized oxidative conditions. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of early Earth's biogeochemical cycles, microbial ecosystems, and the mechanisms driving surface oxidation and iron formation during the Mesoarchean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100074
Ngong Roger Ngia , Elie Fosso Menkem , Alexandrine N'nanga , Christopher Fuanya , Median Yongye
Shallow marine black shales from outcrops, river channels, drilled and dug wells in Dibombari-Kompina-Mian (Stage-1) and Pendanboko (Stage-2) of the Paleogene N'kapa Formation in Douala Sub-basin were studied. Paleoclimate, paleoredox and paleoproductivity was examined, and the mechanism of organic matter accumulation and enrichment in shales and mudstones of N'kapa Formation was formulated. It provides detailed analysis of organic matter richness and hydrocarbon generation potentials of black shales. The rocks were analyzed using elemental geochemistry, SEM, TOC, organic carbon isotope, sulfur isotopes (pyrite sulfur and organic bound), total sulfur and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Paleoclimate proxies show that the rocks were deposited under humid to semi-arid conditions. Paleoredox proxies reveal that the sediments were deposited dominantly under suboxic to anoxic conditions. The parameters for paleoproductivity: biogenic barium, δ34Spy, δ13Corg, TOC, Mo/Al, Porg/Al, Cu/Al and S/13Corg ratios indicate that the humid-to semi-arid climate and reducing conditions were suitable for high primary productivity and favorable for the accumulation and enrichment of organic matters. The model of organic matter accumulation reveals that high primary productivity, suboxic-to-dominantly anoxic sulfidic bottom water, bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) and supply of nutrient materials were responsible for accumulation and preservation of organic matter. The black shales have fair to good source rock richness for gaseous hydrocarbon generation, except for samples KO6-9, KO10-1 and KO13-2 having good gas/oil source rock potentials. The rocks are mainly type III kerogen, with few mixed type II/III kerogens present. Most samples are thermally immature, with three exceptional samples at marginally early mature stage for hydrocarbon generation.
{"title":"Organic matter characteristics in black shales of the southwestern paleogene N'kapa formation, Douala Sub-basin Cameroon: Evidence from stable isotopes and rock-eval pyrolysis","authors":"Ngong Roger Ngia , Elie Fosso Menkem , Alexandrine N'nanga , Christopher Fuanya , Median Yongye","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shallow marine black shales from outcrops, river channels, drilled and dug wells in Dibombari<strong>-</strong>Kompina-Mian (Stage-1) and Pendanboko (Stage-2) of the Paleogene N'kapa Formation in Douala Sub-basin were studied. Paleoclimate, paleoredox and paleoproductivity was examined, and the mechanism of organic matter accumulation and enrichment in shales and mudstones of N'kapa Formation was formulated. It provides detailed analysis of organic matter richness and hydrocarbon generation potentials of black shales. The rocks were analyzed using elemental geochemistry, SEM, TOC, organic carbon isotope, sulfur isotopes (pyrite sulfur and organic bound), total sulfur and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Paleoclimate proxies show that the rocks were deposited under humid to semi-arid conditions. Paleoredox proxies reveal that the sediments were deposited dominantly under suboxic to anoxic conditions. The parameters for paleoproductivity: biogenic barium, δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>py</sub>, δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org,</sub> TOC, Mo/Al, P<sub>org</sub>/Al, Cu/Al and S/<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub> ratios indicate that the humid-to semi-arid climate and reducing conditions were suitable for high primary productivity and favorable for the accumulation and enrichment of organic matters. The model of organic matter accumulation reveals that high primary productivity, suboxic-to-dominantly anoxic sulfidic bottom water, bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) and supply of nutrient materials were responsible for accumulation and preservation of organic matter. The black shales have fair to good source rock richness for gaseous hydrocarbon generation, except for samples KO6-9, KO10-1 and KO13-2 having good gas/oil source rock potentials. The rocks are mainly type III kerogen, with few mixed type II/III kerogens present. Most samples are thermally immature, with three exceptional samples at marginally early mature stage for hydrocarbon generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2024.100053
Eduardo Guareschi Müller , Rodrigo Scalise Horodyski , Karlos Guilherme Diemer Kochhann , Gerson Fauth , Leslie Marcela Elizabeth Manríquez , Rodrigo do Monte Guerra , Hugo Schimidt Neto , Cristine Trevisan , Marcelo Adrian Leppe Cartes
Foreland basins are tectonically active, and the accommodation for sediment deposition in shallow marine environments is continuously altered due to rapid variations in the proximal area, influencing fossil concentration. The middle Eocene Man Aike Formation in the northwest region of the retroarc foreland Magallanes/Austral Basin, Chilean Patagonia, is represented by coarse siliciclastic deposits interbedded with dense fossil concentrations. To better understand the depositional and paleoenvironmental context recorded by these strata and fossil concentrations, this study presents a multi-proxy characterization, based on facies analysis, taphonomy and geochemical analysis of bulk sediments. In the study area, the base of the sedimentary succession is interpreted as stacked transgressive facies deposits of the shoreface zone. Taphonomic features as articulation, fragmentation, orientation and bioincrustation suggests that shell concentrations were influenced by fair weather and storm waves (mass flows started by gravitational effects) in three types. The fossil concentrations that characterize episodic deposits, we interpreted as proximal and distal tempestites. The Lowest shell fossil concentrations are interpreted as fossiliferous lags, suggesting the onset of a transgression in the Magallanes Basin. The fossil concentrations composed of closed and articulated bivalves, observed in the middle portion of succession, were interpreted as event concentrations. Results of geochemical analyses (terrigenous elements/Ca, Al/Ca, Ti/Al and Sr/Ca ratios) support the occurrence of a deepening trend towards the top of the sedimentary succession. Taphonomic control related to the low accommodation of the foreland basin, combined with relatively high sea-level, was a determining factor in the genesis of the middle Eocene fossil concentration.
{"title":"Genesis of fossil concentrations in foreland basins: A case study of the middle Eocene Man Aike Formation, Magallanes Basin, Chilean Patagonia","authors":"Eduardo Guareschi Müller , Rodrigo Scalise Horodyski , Karlos Guilherme Diemer Kochhann , Gerson Fauth , Leslie Marcela Elizabeth Manríquez , Rodrigo do Monte Guerra , Hugo Schimidt Neto , Cristine Trevisan , Marcelo Adrian Leppe Cartes","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2024.100053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2024.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foreland basins are tectonically active, and the accommodation for sediment deposition in shallow marine environments is continuously altered due to rapid variations in the proximal area, influencing fossil concentration. The middle Eocene Man Aike Formation in the northwest region of the retroarc foreland Magallanes/Austral Basin, Chilean Patagonia, is represented by coarse siliciclastic deposits interbedded with dense fossil concentrations. To better understand the depositional and paleoenvironmental context recorded by these strata and fossil concentrations, this study presents a multi-proxy characterization, based on facies analysis, taphonomy and geochemical analysis of bulk sediments. In the study area, the base of the sedimentary succession is interpreted as stacked transgressive facies deposits of the shoreface zone. Taphonomic features as articulation, fragmentation, orientation and bioincrustation suggests that shell concentrations were influenced by fair weather and storm waves (mass flows started by gravitational effects) in three types. The fossil concentrations that characterize episodic deposits, we interpreted as proximal and distal tempestites. The Lowest shell fossil concentrations are interpreted as fossiliferous lags, suggesting the onset of a transgression in the Magallanes Basin. The fossil concentrations composed of closed and articulated bivalves, observed in the middle portion of succession, were interpreted as event concentrations. Results of geochemical analyses (terrigenous elements/Ca, Al/Ca, Ti/Al and Sr/Ca ratios) support the occurrence of a deepening trend towards the top of the sedimentary succession. Taphonomic control related to the low accommodation of the foreland basin, combined with relatively high sea-level, was a determining factor in the genesis of the middle Eocene fossil concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100070
Arijit Das, Priya Das, Ashis Mandal, Kalikinkar Das
Ecosystem services (ES) must be incorporated into adaptive management to sustain socio-ecological systems, especially in tribal landscapes where culture, livelihoods, and biodiversity are closely intertwined. This study investigate the importance and performance analysis of ES and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in adaptive management in the tribal-dominated landscape of the Barind region in Malda district, eastern India. Using structured questionnaires, the field survey was conducted and data was collected from 391 households (HHs) across 5 clusters, which were subsequently analyzed to measure the importance and performance (IP) of ES. The result shows that food is the most important service with an importance and performance of 3.86 and 3.04, respectively, followed by drinking water (importance 3.84, performance 3.12), and fuel wood (importance 3.79, performance 2.61) as these are essential for livelihoods. The Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) revealed large gaps in Provisioning and Regulating ES, which calls for urgent conservation measures. By integrating TEK with modern scientific approaches to conservation, this study provides practical insights into increasing ecosystem resilience, conserving biodiversity, and supporting of sustainable livelihoods. The findings of the study are consistent with global sustainability frameworks, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs: 1, Zero Hunger; SDGs; 11, Sustainable cities and communities; SDGs: 13, Climate action and SDGs 15; Life on land), making it a replicable model for policy makers in developing culturally responsive strategies. Therefore, this study, highlights the opportunity to integrate traditional and modern knowledge to address socio-ecological challenges and ensure long-term sustainability in tribal-dominated regions worldwide.
{"title":"Integrating tribal perceptions and traditional ecological knowledge into ecosystem services management: A case study from the Barind region, Eastern India","authors":"Arijit Das, Priya Das, Ashis Mandal, Kalikinkar Das","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecosystem services (ES) must be incorporated into adaptive management to sustain socio-ecological systems, especially in tribal landscapes where culture, livelihoods, and biodiversity are closely intertwined. This study investigate the importance and performance analysis of ES and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in adaptive management in the tribal-dominated landscape of the Barind region in Malda district, eastern India. Using structured questionnaires, the field survey was conducted and data was collected from 391 households (HHs) across 5 clusters, which were subsequently analyzed to measure the importance and performance (IP) of ES. The result shows that food is the most important service with an importance and performance of 3.86 and 3.04, respectively, followed by drinking water (importance 3.84, performance 3.12), and fuel wood (importance 3.79, performance 2.61) as these are essential for livelihoods. The Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) revealed large gaps in Provisioning and Regulating ES, which calls for urgent conservation measures. By integrating TEK with modern scientific approaches to conservation, this study provides practical insights into increasing ecosystem resilience, conserving biodiversity, and supporting of sustainable livelihoods. The findings of the study are consistent with global sustainability frameworks, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs: 1, Zero Hunger; SDGs; 11, Sustainable cities and communities; SDGs: 13, Climate action and SDGs 15; Life on land), making it a replicable model for policy makers in developing culturally responsive strategies. Therefore, this study, highlights the opportunity to integrate traditional and modern knowledge to address socio-ecological challenges and ensure long-term sustainability in tribal-dominated regions worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The diminishing high-quality groundwater reservoirs have sparked significant interest in hard-rock aquifers, especially in active mining and raw material exploration areas. This paper aims to forecast the quantity and quality of alternative water resources in the area, thus facilitating the planning and design of the existing water resource systems. The focal point is the groundwater accommodated within basement-type alternative igneous aquifers nestled within an active mining and exploration province belonging to the Carpathian-Balkan fold-and-thrust belt (Banat-Timok Province/Banatitic Belt, sector in eastern Serbia). Despite their lower water-bearing capacity, we underscore the significant hydrogeological potential of natural water igneous-type aquifers, such as the Variscan Gornjane massif.
For the first time, this research identifies different reservoirs across the granite massif, providing a fresh perspective on the regional water resource systems. By categorizing reservoirs based on porosity type, flow rates, depth of reservoir rocks (in the depth range of 50 m), and distribution, this study significantly enhances the forecasting of the new water resource system, underlining the importance of this research in the field of water resources and mining. In addition to faulted sections of granite, aquifers are formed in the area characterized by weathered and decomposed granite fragments, often referred to as gruss deposits. The gruss layer has a flow rate reaching up to 0.01 l/s. In terms of the water quality, the groundwaters of the Gornjane granite massif mostly do not contain elements that are above the maximum permitted concentrations for drinking water. However, the occurrence of the elements Fe Mn in some water samples and the presence of Al Pb in one sample, as well as Se, As, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Ga, and Bi, suggest the contact of water with sulfide mineralization detected in granite rocks of Rudna Glava-Tanda-Luka area, raising concerns about potential water quality issues.
{"title":"Variscan Gornjane granitoid as an alternative cold-water reservoir in the ore-baring and mining area of eastern Serbia: Quantitative-qualitative characterization (Carpathian-Balkan belt, Getic unit)","authors":"Goran Marinković , Marina Magazinović , Darko Spahić , Nataša Obradović , Maja Poznanović Spahić , Ivana Jovanić , Bogdan Kuzmanović","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2024.100045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2024.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diminishing high-quality groundwater reservoirs have sparked significant interest in hard-rock aquifers, especially in active mining and raw material exploration areas. This paper aims to forecast the quantity and quality of alternative water resources in the area, thus facilitating the planning and design of the existing water resource systems. The focal point is the groundwater accommodated within basement-type alternative igneous aquifers nestled within an active mining and exploration province belonging to the Carpathian-Balkan fold-and-thrust belt (Banat-Timok Province/Banatitic Belt, sector in eastern Serbia). Despite their lower water-bearing capacity, we underscore the significant hydrogeological potential of natural water igneous-type aquifers, such as the Variscan Gornjane massif.</div><div>For the first time, this research identifies different reservoirs across the granite massif, providing a fresh perspective on the regional water resource systems. By categorizing reservoirs based on porosity type, flow rates, depth of reservoir rocks (in the depth range of 50 m), and distribution, this study significantly enhances the forecasting of the new water resource system, underlining the importance of this research in the field of water resources and mining. In addition to faulted sections of granite, aquifers are formed in the area characterized by weathered and decomposed granite fragments, often referred to as gruss deposits. The gruss layer has a flow rate reaching up to 0.01 l/s. In terms of the water quality, the groundwaters of the Gornjane granite massif mostly do not contain elements that are above the maximum permitted concentrations for drinking water. However, the occurrence of the elements Fe Mn in some water samples and the presence of Al Pb in one sample, as well as Se, As, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Ga, and Bi, suggest the contact of water with sulfide mineralization detected in granite rocks of Rudna Glava-Tanda-Luka area, raising concerns about potential water quality issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Floods are among the most frequent and devastating natural disasters, causing severe global economic damage, yet timely and accurate warnings of flash flood impacts on ungauged locations remain challenging. Sea level rise (SLR) is a substantial factor that contributes to flooding, particularly along the coastal regions of the United States. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of historical tide gauge records from 1900 to 2021 to investigate spatio-temporal dynamics of mean sea level (MSL) along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts and develops a forecasting model to predict future MSL using these dynamics. We employed empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) with time delay embedding to analyze and forecast MSL data. SLR dynamics and trend vary across different parts the U.S. coasts. Our proposed approach aids in identifying the regions most susceptible to SLR. To assess the socio-economic impact on the coastal regions due to SLR, we propose a framework that integrates the mean sea level data from tide-gauge stations with socio-economic variables of neighboring counties through interaction structure learning techniques. Furthermore, we empirically demonstrate the implications of our proposed framework in highlighting socio-economic factors affected by SLR. In conclusion, our predictive method elucidates the spatio-temporal dynamics of mean sea level, while our interaction learning framework reveals SLR’s impact on coastal socio-economic attributes.
{"title":"Analysis and prediction of sea level rise along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts and its socio-economic impacts on the nearby inland areas","authors":"Sharmin Majumder , ANM Nafiz Abeer , Musfira Rahman , Md Abul Ehsan Bhuiyan","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2024.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2024.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floods are among the most frequent and devastating natural disasters, causing severe global economic damage, yet timely and accurate warnings of flash flood impacts on ungauged locations remain challenging. Sea level rise (SLR) is a substantial factor that contributes to flooding, particularly along the coastal regions of the United States. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of historical tide gauge records from 1900 to 2021 to investigate spatio-temporal dynamics of mean sea level (MSL) along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts and develops a forecasting model to predict future MSL using these dynamics. We employed empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) with time delay embedding to analyze and forecast MSL data. SLR dynamics and trend vary across different parts the U.S. coasts. Our proposed approach aids in identifying the regions most susceptible to SLR. To assess the socio-economic impact on the coastal regions due to SLR, we propose a framework that integrates the mean sea level data from tide-gauge stations with socio-economic variables of neighboring counties through interaction structure learning techniques. Furthermore, we empirically demonstrate the implications of our proposed framework in highlighting socio-economic factors affected by SLR. In conclusion, our predictive method elucidates the spatio-temporal dynamics of mean sea level, while our interaction learning framework reveals SLR’s impact on coastal socio-economic attributes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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