Evolving Earth最新文献_第5页

First population analysis in Hadrosauroid dinosaurs (Ornithopoda: Iguanodontia: Hadrosauroidea) 鸭嘴龙类恐龙首次种群分析（鸟脚目：禽龙目：鸭嘴龙总科）

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100072

Francisco Javier Jiménez-Moreno , Angel Alejandro Ramírez-Velasco , Patricio Ocampo-Cornejo , Jorge Velázquez-Castro , Rodolfo Palomino-Merino

The study of biological population densities through direct measurements is one of the pillars of modern ecology; however, it does not apply to extinct fauna without modern extant representatives, as is the case with non-avian, plant-eating dinosaurs such as the Hadrosauroidea. On the other hand, mathematical models of population dynamics have also been used to estimate population density without the need for direct measurements. These models, however, require knowledge of population shift rates that are typically obtained through diverse observations. This presents a certain limitation for the use of such models when applied to extinct populations. Still, through the use of ecological analogies, it is possible to estimate population dynamics in extinct faunas. This work, utilizing a differential equation-based population dynamics model, estimates the population density of six species and two specimens of hadrosauroids recorded in Mexican territory, employing ungulate mammals as ecological analogues. The results show that individuals with low body mass, such as Huehuecanahutlus tiquichensis, had a higher average density of 0,69 individuals per square kilometer. For hadrosauroids with higher body mass, such as Magnapaulia laticaudus and the specimen PASAC-1, their population density would be around 0.13 to 0.17 individuals per square kilometer. The inference shows the possible existence of temporal shifts in population density. Maximum and minimum ranges were found due to scenarios of high food productivity or alimentary stress. The former infers a negative correlation between a higher body mass/lesser population density.

通过直接测量研究生物种群密度是现代生态学的支柱之一；然而，它并不适用于没有现代现存代表的灭绝动物，就像非鸟类的食草恐龙，如鸭嘴龙的情况一样。另一方面，种群动态的数学模型也被用来估计种群密度，而不需要直接测量。然而，这些模型需要了解人口迁移率，而这通常是通过不同的观察得到的。这对将这种模型应用于灭绝种群时提出了一定的限制。尽管如此，通过使用生态学类比，估计灭绝动物群的种群动态是可能的。本研究利用基于微分方程的种群动态模型，以有蹄类哺乳动物为生态类群，估算了墨西哥境内记录的6种鸭嘴龙和2种鸭嘴龙的种群密度。结果表明，体质量较低的个体（huehuecanhutlus tiquichensis）的平均密度较高，为0.69只/平方公里；对于体重较高的鸭嘴龙，如Magnapaulia laticaudus和PASAC-1标本，它们的种群密度约为每平方公里0.13至0.17只。这一推论表明人口密度可能存在时间变化。最大和最小范围的发现是由于高粮食生产力或消化压力的情景。前者推断出高体重与低人口密度之间的负相关关系。

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引用次数: 0

The fate of antarctic intermediate water: scenarios of volume and temperature-salinity changes in the Western South Atlantic from CMIP6 models 南极中间水的命运：来自CMIP6模式的南大西洋西部体积和温度-盐度变化情景

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100087

Gabriel Schimidel Ramos de Oliveira , Andre L. Belem , Jonas Takeo Carvalho

Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) is a key water mass in the South Subtropical Atlantic essential to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), balancing the southward flow of North Atlantic Deep Water and regulating the transport of heat, carbon, and salt. The processes governing AAIW formation are complex and intrinsically linked to Southern Ocean dynamics, involving key mechanisms such as convective processes, cross-frontal mixing, and Ekman transport. The role of AAIW as a bridge between polar, subtropical, and tropical regions underscores its influence on larger circulation patterns and the importance of understanding its response amid Earth's evolving climate. This study examines AAIW's formation, circulation, and response under high CO₂ scenarios specifically in the Western South Atlantic. To assess AAIW variability under high CO₂ scenarios, we utilized six CMIP6 models, applying the Temperature-Salinity (T-S) volumetric diagram for a comparative analysis across temperature and salinity signatures, with analyses also at minimum salinity, a defining characteristic of AAIW. Our approach provided a volumetric perspective of changes in AAIW under two high-emission scenarios (SSP370 and SSP585). Results indicate notable AAIW volume reductions and significant warming trends, with potential implications for the AMOC and broader ocean circulation patterns, as discussed in previous studies.

南极中间水（AAIW）是大西洋经向翻转环流（AMOC）的关键水团，平衡北大西洋深水向南流动，调节热、碳和盐的输送。控制AAIW形成的过程是复杂的，与南大洋动力学有着内在的联系，包括对流过程、横锋混合和Ekman运输等关键机制。AAIW作为极地、亚热带和热带地区之间的桥梁的作用强调了它对更大环流模式的影响以及了解其在地球气候演变中的响应的重要性。本研究考察了高CO2情景下AAIW的形成、循环和响应，特别是在南大西洋西部。为了评估高CO2情景下AAIW的变化，我们使用了6个CMIP6模型，应用温度-盐度（T-S）体积图对温度和盐度特征进行了比较分析，并分析了最低盐度（AAIW的一个定义特征）。我们的方法提供了两个高排放情景（SSP370和SSP585）下AAIW变化的体积视角。结果表明，AAIW体积显著减少和显著的变暖趋势，对AMOC和更广泛的海洋环流模式具有潜在影响，如以前的研究所讨论的那样。

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引用次数: 0

Sedimentary mercury concentrations as a proxy for volcanic activity in the Maastrichtian tropical ocean 沉积汞浓度作为马斯特里赫特热带海洋火山活动的代表

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100090

German D. Patarroyo , Karlos G.D. Kochhann , Laia Alegret , Marlone H.H. Bom , Andressa Esswein , Valeska Meirelles

In recent years, possible links between widespread volcanic activity and latest Cretaceous climatic shifts have become frequent research topics. However, tropical marine records of volcanic activity are still rare for that time interval. To explore the records of regional and distal (e.g., Deccan Traps) volcanism at Maastrichtian low-latitude marine sections, we assessed mercury (Hg) enrichments at: (1) shallow marine strata of the Colón Formation (core Diablito-1E, northern Colombia) and, (2) deep sea records from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 1258 (Demerara Rise, Tropical Atlantic Ocean) and 1001 (Nicaraguan Rise, Caribbean Sea).

At core Diablito-1E, we cannot exclusively link Hg concentrations, Hg/total organic carbon (TOC) and Hg/S increases to a single volcanic source (Deccan or regional volcanism), or even rule out depositional controlling factors. This is due to the poorly explored influence of northern South American volcanism during the Maastrichtian, and the shallow-water paleoenvironmental setting of the studied core. We also conducted bulk sediment stable carbon isotopes (δ¹³C) measurements, the first Maastrichtian δ¹³C record for this area, which indicated that the tropical sedimentary archive of core Diablito-1E has the potential to track disturbances in the global carbon cycle, such as the mid-Maastrichtian event (MME), and eventually refine the chronostratigraphic assignment of the intervals with Hg enrichments. Mercury concentrations at Sites 1258 and 1001 depicted the record of at least three possible volcanic episodes during the Maastrichtian, which could be associated with proximal and/or distal volcanic sources, such as the Caribbean Plate volcanic arc, or Deccan Traps pulses. The δ¹³C record at Site 1258 reveals the presence of a significant carbon cycle perturbation, likely the MME, whose onset is coeval to sedimentary Hg enrichments. However, considering the low TOC values (<0.2 in most of the samples) at both sites, an exclusively volcanic origin for Hg enrichments must be considered cautiously.

近年来，广泛的火山活动与白垩纪晚期气候变化之间的可能联系已成为频繁的研究课题。然而，热带海洋的火山活动记录在那个时间间隔内仍然很少见。为了探索马astrichtian低纬度海相剖面的区域性和远端（如德干圈层）火山活动记录，我们评估了：(1)Colón组浅海地层（哥伦比亚北部Diablito-1E核心）和(2)海洋钻探计划（ODP） 1258（热带大西洋Demerara隆起）和1001（加勒比海尼加拉瓜隆起）的深海记录。在Diablito-1E岩心，我们不能将Hg浓度、Hg/总有机碳（TOC）和Hg/S的增加与单一火山源（德干或区域火山作用）联系起来，甚至不能排除沉积控制因素。这是由于对马斯特里赫特时期南美北部火山活动的影响知之甚少，以及所研究岩心的浅水古环境背景。我们还进行了整体沉积物稳定碳同位素（δ13C）测量，这是该地区第一个马斯特里赫特的δ13C记录，表明Diablito-1E核心的热带沉积档案具有跟踪全球碳循环扰动（如中马斯特里赫特事件（MME））的潜力，并最终细化了汞富集区间的年代地层分配。1258和1001遗址的汞浓度记录了马斯特里希时期至少三次可能的火山事件，这可能与近端和/或远端火山源有关，如加勒比板块火山弧或德干圈闭脉冲。1258站点的δ13C记录显示存在显著的碳循环扰动，可能是MME，其开始与沉积汞富集同时发生。然而，考虑到两个地点的TOC值都很低（大多数样品的TOC值为<；0.2），必须谨慎考虑汞富集的完全火山来源。

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引用次数: 0

Decoding the Fate of Himalayan Glaciers under Climate Change: Impacts, Challenges, Research Gaps, and Policy Pathways 解读气候变化下喜马拉雅冰川的命运：影响、挑战、研究差距和政策路径

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100082

Rayees Ahmed

The Himalayan glaciers, a vital component of the Earth's cryosphere, are retreating at an unprecedented rate due to intensifying climate change, with far-reaching consequences for regional hydrology, ecosystems, and societies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of Himalayan glacier retreat under climate change, integrating evidence from satellite observations, field studies, and modelling. It synthesizes current understanding of glacier dynamics, including mass loss trends, basin-wise variability, debris-covered glacier processes, and the role of black carbon. The review examines cascading impacts on hydrology, agriculture, biodiversity, and high-altitude communities, with particular attention to the emergence of proglacial lakes and associated geohazards such as GLOFs, landslides, and avalanches. By aligning research advances alongside persistent knowledge gaps, the study identifies limitations in long-term glacier monitoring, glacio-hydrological modelling, and socioeconomic vulnerability assessments. Finally, it proposes a policy framework that links climate adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and transboundary water governance, emphasising ecosystem-based and community-led strategies. In doing so, the paper bridges physical science and socio-environmental perspectives to outline pathways for climate-resilient development in the Himalaya.

由于气候变化加剧，作为地球冰冻圈重要组成部分的喜马拉雅冰川正在以前所未有的速度退缩，对区域水文、生态系统和社会产生了深远的影响。本文综合了卫星观测、野外研究和模型研究的证据，对气候变化下喜马拉雅冰川退缩进行了综述。它综合了目前对冰川动力学的理解，包括质量损失趋势、盆地变化、碎屑覆盖的冰川过程和黑碳的作用。该报告审查了对水文、农业、生物多样性和高海拔社区的级联影响，特别关注前冰期湖泊的出现和相关的地质灾害，如GLOFs、滑坡和雪崩。通过将研究进展与持续存在的知识差距结合起来，该研究确定了长期冰川监测、冰川水文建模和社会经济脆弱性评估方面的局限性。最后，它提出了一个将气候适应、减少灾害风险和跨界水资源治理联系起来的政策框架，强调基于生态系统和社区主导的战略。在此过程中，本文将自然科学和社会环境观点结合起来，概述了喜马拉雅地区气候适应型发展的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative land use and environmental responses in semi-arid and coastal Andhra Pradesh, India 印度安得拉邦半干旱和沿海地区土地利用和环境响应的比较

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100091

Siddaboyina Mastanaiah , Kandula Bharghavi , Thotli Lokeswara Reddy , Tumu Venkata Rambabu , Krishnareddigari Krishna Reddy

Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes exert significant influence on ecosystem functioning and regional climate dynamics, particularly in environmentally sensitive semi-arid and coastal regions. This study provides a comparative spatio-temporal assessment of LULC transformations and environmental responses in Kadapa (semi-arid) and Nellore (coastal) districts of Andhra Pradesh, India, during 2017–2024. Using integrated multi-sensor remote sensing datasets—Sentinel-2 LULC classifications, MODIS-derived Land Surface Temperature (LST), and Landsat-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)—we examine how anthropogenic and climatic pressures shape ecosystem processes. Results highlight distinct environmental trajectories: Kadapa experienced substantial agricultural expansion (866.5–2565.7 km²) amid persistent dominance of barren land, while Nellore showed gradual agricultural intensification with stronger hydrological resilience. Both regions displayed consistent east–west thermal gradients and a clear thermal hierarchy (Barren > Built-up > Agriculture > Forest > Water), with Nellore exhibiting higher mean LST and evident Urban Heat Island effects. From 2017 to 2024, Kadapa showed strong vegetation recovery (peaking 2021–22) despite east–west disparity, while Nellore suffered stress in 2020–22 with only partial rebound, highlighting their differing resilience. NDWI trends indicated chronic water scarcity in Kadapa, compared to comparatively stable moisture conditions in Nellore. Pearson correlation analysis showed in both Kadapa and Nellore strong negative relationships between LST and NDVI and between LST and NDWI, and a strong positive relationship between NDVI and NDWI. Observed LULC and environmental dynamics were appear to be influenced by socio-economic drivers, including urban expansion, irrigation development, and agricultural intensification. These findings demonstrate that semi-arid ecosystems face heightened land degradation and water stress, while coastal ecosystems demonstrate relative environmental resilience. The study contributes region-specific insights essential for sustainable land and water management policies tailored to contrasting climatic and geographic contexts in developing regions.

土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）变化对生态系统功能和区域气候动态具有重要影响，特别是在环境敏感的半干旱和沿海地区。本文对2017-2024年印度安得拉邦Kadapa（半干旱）和Nellore（沿海）地区LULC变化和环境响应进行了时空对比评估。利用集成的多传感器遥感数据集——sentinel -2 LULC分类、modis衍生的地表温度（LST）、基于landsat的归一化植被指数（NDVI）和归一化差异水指数（NDWI）——我们研究了人为和气候压力如何影响生态系统过程。结果显示了不同的环境轨迹：Kadapa经历了大量的农业扩张（866.5-2565.7 km2），持续以荒地为主，而Nellore则表现出逐渐的农业集约化，具有更强的水文恢复能力。这两个地区都表现出一致的东西热梯度和明显的热等级（贫瘠；建筑；农业；森林；水），其中内洛尔表现出较高的平均地表温度和明显的城市热岛效应。2017 - 2024年，Kadapa地区植被恢复强劲（2021-22年达到峰值），而Nellore地区在2020-22年遭受压力，仅部分恢复，突出了两者的恢复能力差异。NDWI趋势表明Kadapa地区长期缺水，而Nellore地区相对稳定。Pearson相关分析显示，Kadapa和Nellore的LST与NDVI、NDVI呈显著负相关，而NDVI与NDWI呈显著正相关。所观察到的土地利用效率和环境动态似乎受到社会经济驱动因素的影响，包括城市扩张、灌溉发展和农业集约化。这些发现表明，半干旱生态系统面临的土地退化和水资源压力加剧，而沿海生态系统则表现出相对的环境复原力。这项研究为制定适合发展中地区不同气候和地理环境的可持续土地和水管理政策提供了具有区域特色的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Geospatial modelling of groundwater potential zones validated with well discharge and electrical resistivity in a tropical catchment 利用热带集水区的井流量和电阻率验证了地下水潜在带的地理空间模拟

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100094

I.S. Sreeja , C.D. Aju , A.L. Achu , Rajesh Reghunath , Pranav Prakash , M.C. Raicy

Groundwater is a vital freshwater source for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use in tropical regions, including Kerala, India. This study aims to delineate groundwater potential zones in the Palliman Watershed System (PWS) in coastal Kerala, India, using a GIS-AHP framework validated with well discharge and geophysical resistivity data. Twelve geo-environmental parameters including geology, geomorphology, land use/land cover, slope, lineament density, infiltration rate, sand percentage, drainage density, transmissivity, topographic wetness index, terrain ruggedness index, and curvature were selected based on their relevance to groundwater occurrence. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to assign weights to each thematic layer, which were then integrated in a GIS environment to generate a groundwater potential zonation map. The model classified the basin into five potential classes: very high to high (∼ 40 %), moderate (∼ 20 %), and poor to very poor ∼ 40 %). Higher potential zones were predominantly located in the midland and lowland regions, while low and very low zones were confined to elevated eastern and southwestern areas. To assess model reliability, discharge data from seven observation wells were used to evaluate the correlation between predicted zones and actual groundwater yield. Validation showed strong quantitative agreement: 85.7 % of wells (6/7) matched the predicted classes. VES soundings (Schlumberger array; n = 13) showed 84.6 % agreement or partial agreement between layer-wise resistivity interpretation and the mapped zones. The novelty of this study is the explicit dual field validation of an AHP-GIS groundwater potential map using well-discharge and VES in a coastal-midland basin in Kerala. The combined validation confirms the effectiveness of the AHP-GIS model in identifying recharge-prone zones and demonstrates its robustness in heterogeneous hydrogeological conditions. This validated AHP-GIS framework is cost-effective, replicable and readily transferable to similar tropical coastal settings with minor local calibration.

在包括印度喀拉拉邦在内的热带地区，地下水是家庭、农业和工业使用的重要淡水来源。本研究旨在利用经井流量和地球物理电阻率数据验证的GIS-AHP框架，在印度喀拉拉邦沿海的Palliman流域系统（PWS）中划定地下水潜在带。根据地质、地貌、土地利用/土地覆盖、坡度、地貌密度、入渗率、沙尘率、排水密度、透过率、地形湿润指数、地形崎岖指数和曲率等12个地质环境参数与地下水赋存的相关性，选取了这些参数。采用层次分析法（AHP）对各专题层进行权重分配，并将权重分配结果整合到GIS环境中生成地下水潜力分区图。该模型将盆地划分为5个潜在等级：非常高到高（~ 40%）、中等（~ 20%）和差到极差（~ 40%）。高电位带主要分布在中部和低地地区，低电位带和极低电位带主要分布在东部和西南部高地地区。为了评估模型的可靠性，利用7口观测井的流量数据对预测带与实际地下水产量的相关性进行了评价。验证结果显示了很强的定量一致性：85.7%的井（6/7）与预测的分类相匹配。VES探测（斯伦贝谢阵列，n = 13）显示，层间电阻率解释与映射区域之间的一致性或部分一致性为84.6%。本研究的新颖之处在于，在喀拉拉邦的沿海-中部盆地，利用井排和VES对AHP-GIS地下水潜力图进行了明确的双场验证。综合验证证实了AHP-GIS模型在识别补给易发带方面的有效性，并证明了其在非均质水文地质条件下的稳健性。这种经过验证的AHP-GIS框架具有成本效益，可复制，并且易于转移到类似的热带沿海环境中，只需少量的本地校准。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of LULC dynamics and its association with LST distribution and NDVI Using Geospatial approaches in Karnataka state, India 基于地理空间方法的印度卡纳塔克邦LULC动态评估及其与地表温度分布和NDVI的关系

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100076

Arpitha M., Harishnaika N., S.A. Ahmed

Monitoring land use and land cover (LULC), which changes at regional levels, is required for many kinds of applications, including monitoring of landslides, drought, flood, land erosion, agricultural planning for land, and climate change studies. The MODIS, Landsat-8, and Sentinel 2A satellite data are used for this investigation to extract the LULC, LST (Land Surface Temperature), and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) from 2015 to 2022. The LULC is performed using an advanced Google Earth Engine (GEE) tool that extracts LULC classes with specific training points of LULC classes. The two main machine learning approaches used for generating the LULC maps are Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The Agricultural land (67.70 %), fallow land (1.76 %), forest land (20.04 %), built-up land (2.58 %), water bodies (5.95 %), waste land (6.78 %), and others (1.17 %) make up the majority of the study area in this class. In 2022, the largest occupied agricultural land area will be approximately 128615.8 km² compared to other classes. The NDVI and LST are the key indices to evaluate the vegetation and temperature (both seasonal and annual) of the region; these parameters are connected with LULC to study regional-level changes. The LST highest is in highest in 2021 is about 335.36 K (62.24 °C), and the lowest recorded in 2019 is 291.27 K (18.12 °C). The NDVI Value is higher in the South West monsoon season, especially in the Western Ghats, and the lowest record is in the north east part of Karnataka. This study is highly useful for the management of semi-arid regions, LULC categorization, forest ecosystem, environmental preservation, sustainable agriculture, controlled development, water shortage, and water management programs in the state.

监测土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）在区域层面上的变化，在许多应用中都是必需的，包括监测滑坡、干旱、洪水、土地侵蚀、土地农业规划和气候变化研究。利用MODIS、Landsat-8和Sentinel 2A卫星数据提取2015 - 2022年的土地地表温度（LULC）、地表温度（LST）和归一化植被指数（NDVI）。LULC使用先进的谷歌Earth Engine （GEE）工具执行，该工具提取具有特定训练点的LULC类。用于生成LULC地图的两种主要机器学习方法是随机森林（RF）和支持向量机（SVM）。农业用地（67.70%）、休耕地（1.76%）、林地（20.04%）、建设用地（2.58%）、水体（5.95%）、荒地（6.78%）和其他（1.17%）构成了这类研究区域的大部分。2022年，与其他类别相比，最大占用农业用地面积约为128615.8平方公里。NDVI和LST是评价区域植被和温度（季节和年）的关键指标；将这些参数与LULC联系起来，研究区域水平的变化。地表温度最高的年份为2021年，约为335.36 K（62.24℃），最低的年份为2019年，约为291.27 K（18.12℃）。NDVI值在西南季风季节较高，特别是在西高止山脉，最低记录在卡纳塔克邦的东北部。该研究结果对我国半干旱区管理、土地利用资源分类、森林生态系统、环境保护、农业可持续发展、控制发展、水资源短缺和水资源管理等具有重要指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Multivariable modelling and carbon stored estimation in peatland: Constraints from peat properties, organic petrology, and remote sensing analysis in the Kapuas Wetland, Indonesia 泥炭地的多变量建模和碳储量估算：来自印度尼西亚卡普亚斯湿地泥炭性质、有机岩石学和遥感分析的限制

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100080

Ferian Anggara , Alfu Afkar Anniffari , Muhammad Nicco A'raaf Al Danny , Aldian Fahrialam , Gayatri Indah Marliyani , Agung Setianto , Aulia Agus Patria

Carbon stores in peatlands are correspondence of peat distribution and amount of total carbon; however, various interacting factors are involved affecting this process seem to be more complicated and difficult to generalize. This study improved the estimation of the amount of carbon stored in Kapuas Wetland, West Kalimantan using combined remote sensing analysis (UAV, Landsat 8 and 9 imageries and DEM) constraints with in-situ peat thickness measurements, peat properties and organic petrology. We demonstrated a novel finding on distribution and topography of domed peatland as well as their recent conditions: pristine and altered peatlands. Two types of peats were identified, sapric and hemic peats. Peat types correspond to their properties and control the amount of total carbon. The total carbon stored in the Kapuas Wetland contributes to a carbon pool of 221.08 MtC. The difference between two multivariable modelling approaches: a) elevation and peat types-based model, and b) peat thickness and river-based model in this study is only 1.59 %, showing a good level of precision, while single variable modelling approach shows difference around 6.42 %–8.14 %, compared to multivariable modelling approaches. Thus, this study presents an estimated modelling error of ±7 %, making total carbon stored ranging from 205.6 MtC – 236.56 MtC, with 221.08 MtC as the best estimation. Our study suggests that each peat type has unique characteristics in both physical, chemical and biological properties of the peat. These differences will influence the amount of carbon, which should be considered for estimating the amount of carbon stored.

泥炭地碳储量是泥炭分布与总碳量的对应关系；然而，影响这一过程的各种相互作用因素似乎更为复杂，难以概括。本研究利用遥感分析（UAV、Landsat 8和9图像以及DEM）约束，结合原位泥炭厚度测量、泥炭性质和有机岩石学，改进了西加里曼丹卡普阿斯湿地碳储量的估算。我们展示了一个关于圆顶泥炭地分布和地形及其最近状况的新发现：原始泥炭地和改变泥炭地。泥炭有两种类型，即挖苦泥炭和挖苦泥炭。泥炭类型与其性质相对应，控制着总碳量。卡普阿斯湿地的总碳储量为221.08 MtC。本研究基于高程和泥炭类型的模型，以及基于泥炭厚度和河流的模型两种多变量建模方法之间的差异仅为1.59%，具有较好的精度水平，而单变量建模方法与多变量建模方法之间的差异约为6.42% - 8.14%。因此，本研究估计的模型误差为±7%，使总碳储量在205.6 MtC - 236.56 MtC之间，其中221.08 MtC为最佳估计值。我们的研究表明，每种泥炭类型在泥炭的物理、化学和生物特性方面都具有独特的特征。这些差异将影响碳的数量，在估算碳储量时应考虑到这一点。

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引用次数: 0

Erratum to “Coastal influence on microbiomes of the southwest Atlantic Ocean” [Evolving Earth 2 (2025), EVE 100048] 对“西南大西洋海岸对微生物组的影响”的勘误[进化地球2 (2025),EVE 100048]

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100092

Cristiane C. Thompson , Diogo Tschoeke , Luciana Leomil , Lucas Freitas , Livia Vidal , Koko Otsuki , Claudia Omachi , Igor M. Venâncio , Yulin Zhang , Jiwen Liu , Xiao-Hua Zhang , Ana Luiza S. Albuquerque , Fabiano L. Thompson

引用次数: 0

Gyrophyllites cristinae: Unveiling early Cambrian life signatures in the Nagaur Sandstone, Marwar Supergroup, India 印度马尔瓦尔超群纳戈尔砂岩早寒武世生命特征的揭示

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100083

S. Ahmad, S.K. Pandey

This study documents occurrence of Gyrophyllites cristinae, a new trace fossil in the Nagaur Sandstone representing Cambrian Period (Series 2-Stage 4) from Dulmera quarry section, Bikaner district, Rajasthan. Gyrophyllites cristinae belongs to an intricate rosette shaped ichnofossil, typically associated with shallow marine low-lying areas of intertidal sand shoal complex, which offers invaluable insights into benthic organism activities, substrate interactions, and ecological dynamics of the early Cambrian Period. The identification of this ichnofossil, not only broadens its known geographical and stratigraphic range, but also underscores the ecological diversity and depositional stability within the Nagaur Sandstone. This finding contributes to the ichnological framework of the Marwar Supergroup, shedding light on the interplay between biological processes and sedimentary environments during the pivotal Proterozoic-Phanerozoic transition. Present specimens of Gyrophyllites cristinae help us to infer/evaluate the nature of the plausible producer organism, its behavior, and taphonomical aspects. Present study reinforces the Nagaur Sandstone's importance as a stratigraphic marker for unraveling life and environmental conditions during the Cambrian Explosion in Indian context.

本文记录了拉贾斯坦邦Bikaner地区Dulmera采石场剖面中寒武系（2- 4期）Nagaur砂岩中新发现的一种微量化石——Gyrophyllites cristinae。gyellphyllites cristinae是一种复杂的玫瑰状鱼化石，通常与潮间带沙滩复合体的浅海低洼地区有关，为研究早寒武纪底栖生物活动、基质相互作用和生态动态提供了宝贵的见解。该鱼化石的发现不仅拓宽了其已知的地理和地层范围，而且强调了纳戈尔砂岩内的生态多样性和沉积稳定性。这一发现有助于建立马尔瓦尔超群的技术框架，揭示了元古宙-显生宙关键过渡时期生物过程与沉积环境之间的相互作用。目前的棘球虫标本有助于我们推断/评估这种似是而非的生产者生物的性质、其行为和地形学方面。目前的研究强化了纳戈尔砂岩作为揭示印度寒武纪大爆发时期生命和环境条件的地层标志的重要性。

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