Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100070
Arijit Das, Priya Das, Ashis Mandal, Kalikinkar Das
Ecosystem services (ES) must be incorporated into adaptive management to sustain socio-ecological systems, especially in tribal landscapes where culture, livelihoods, and biodiversity are closely intertwined. This study investigate the importance and performance analysis of ES and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in adaptive management in the tribal-dominated landscape of the Barind region in Malda district, eastern India. Using structured questionnaires, the field survey was conducted and data was collected from 391 households (HHs) across 5 clusters, which were subsequently analyzed to measure the importance and performance (IP) of ES. The result shows that food is the most important service with an importance and performance of 3.86 and 3.04, respectively, followed by drinking water (importance 3.84, performance 3.12), and fuel wood (importance 3.79, performance 2.61) as these are essential for livelihoods. The Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) revealed large gaps in Provisioning and Regulating ES, which calls for urgent conservation measures. By integrating TEK with modern scientific approaches to conservation, this study provides practical insights into increasing ecosystem resilience, conserving biodiversity, and supporting of sustainable livelihoods. The findings of the study are consistent with global sustainability frameworks, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs: 1, Zero Hunger; SDGs; 11, Sustainable cities and communities; SDGs: 13, Climate action and SDGs 15; Life on land), making it a replicable model for policy makers in developing culturally responsive strategies. Therefore, this study, highlights the opportunity to integrate traditional and modern knowledge to address socio-ecological challenges and ensure long-term sustainability in tribal-dominated regions worldwide.
{"title":"Integrating tribal perceptions and traditional ecological knowledge into ecosystem services management: A case study from the Barind region, Eastern India","authors":"Arijit Das, Priya Das, Ashis Mandal, Kalikinkar Das","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecosystem services (ES) must be incorporated into adaptive management to sustain socio-ecological systems, especially in tribal landscapes where culture, livelihoods, and biodiversity are closely intertwined. This study investigate the importance and performance analysis of ES and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in adaptive management in the tribal-dominated landscape of the Barind region in Malda district, eastern India. Using structured questionnaires, the field survey was conducted and data was collected from 391 households (HHs) across 5 clusters, which were subsequently analyzed to measure the importance and performance (IP) of ES. The result shows that food is the most important service with an importance and performance of 3.86 and 3.04, respectively, followed by drinking water (importance 3.84, performance 3.12), and fuel wood (importance 3.79, performance 2.61) as these are essential for livelihoods. The Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) revealed large gaps in Provisioning and Regulating ES, which calls for urgent conservation measures. By integrating TEK with modern scientific approaches to conservation, this study provides practical insights into increasing ecosystem resilience, conserving biodiversity, and supporting of sustainable livelihoods. The findings of the study are consistent with global sustainability frameworks, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs: 1, Zero Hunger; SDGs; 11, Sustainable cities and communities; SDGs: 13, Climate action and SDGs 15; Life on land), making it a replicable model for policy makers in developing culturally responsive strategies. Therefore, this study, highlights the opportunity to integrate traditional and modern knowledge to address socio-ecological challenges and ensure long-term sustainability in tribal-dominated regions worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The diminishing high-quality groundwater reservoirs have sparked significant interest in hard-rock aquifers, especially in active mining and raw material exploration areas. This paper aims to forecast the quantity and quality of alternative water resources in the area, thus facilitating the planning and design of the existing water resource systems. The focal point is the groundwater accommodated within basement-type alternative igneous aquifers nestled within an active mining and exploration province belonging to the Carpathian-Balkan fold-and-thrust belt (Banat-Timok Province/Banatitic Belt, sector in eastern Serbia). Despite their lower water-bearing capacity, we underscore the significant hydrogeological potential of natural water igneous-type aquifers, such as the Variscan Gornjane massif.
For the first time, this research identifies different reservoirs across the granite massif, providing a fresh perspective on the regional water resource systems. By categorizing reservoirs based on porosity type, flow rates, depth of reservoir rocks (in the depth range of 50 m), and distribution, this study significantly enhances the forecasting of the new water resource system, underlining the importance of this research in the field of water resources and mining. In addition to faulted sections of granite, aquifers are formed in the area characterized by weathered and decomposed granite fragments, often referred to as gruss deposits. The gruss layer has a flow rate reaching up to 0.01 l/s. In terms of the water quality, the groundwaters of the Gornjane granite massif mostly do not contain elements that are above the maximum permitted concentrations for drinking water. However, the occurrence of the elements Fe Mn in some water samples and the presence of Al Pb in one sample, as well as Se, As, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Ga, and Bi, suggest the contact of water with sulfide mineralization detected in granite rocks of Rudna Glava-Tanda-Luka area, raising concerns about potential water quality issues.
{"title":"Variscan Gornjane granitoid as an alternative cold-water reservoir in the ore-baring and mining area of eastern Serbia: Quantitative-qualitative characterization (Carpathian-Balkan belt, Getic unit)","authors":"Goran Marinković , Marina Magazinović , Darko Spahić , Nataša Obradović , Maja Poznanović Spahić , Ivana Jovanić , Bogdan Kuzmanović","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2024.100045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2024.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diminishing high-quality groundwater reservoirs have sparked significant interest in hard-rock aquifers, especially in active mining and raw material exploration areas. This paper aims to forecast the quantity and quality of alternative water resources in the area, thus facilitating the planning and design of the existing water resource systems. The focal point is the groundwater accommodated within basement-type alternative igneous aquifers nestled within an active mining and exploration province belonging to the Carpathian-Balkan fold-and-thrust belt (Banat-Timok Province/Banatitic Belt, sector in eastern Serbia). Despite their lower water-bearing capacity, we underscore the significant hydrogeological potential of natural water igneous-type aquifers, such as the Variscan Gornjane massif.</div><div>For the first time, this research identifies different reservoirs across the granite massif, providing a fresh perspective on the regional water resource systems. By categorizing reservoirs based on porosity type, flow rates, depth of reservoir rocks (in the depth range of 50 m), and distribution, this study significantly enhances the forecasting of the new water resource system, underlining the importance of this research in the field of water resources and mining. In addition to faulted sections of granite, aquifers are formed in the area characterized by weathered and decomposed granite fragments, often referred to as gruss deposits. The gruss layer has a flow rate reaching up to 0.01 l/s. In terms of the water quality, the groundwaters of the Gornjane granite massif mostly do not contain elements that are above the maximum permitted concentrations for drinking water. However, the occurrence of the elements Fe Mn in some water samples and the presence of Al Pb in one sample, as well as Se, As, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Ga, and Bi, suggest the contact of water with sulfide mineralization detected in granite rocks of Rudna Glava-Tanda-Luka area, raising concerns about potential water quality issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Floods are among the most frequent and devastating natural disasters, causing severe global economic damage, yet timely and accurate warnings of flash flood impacts on ungauged locations remain challenging. Sea level rise (SLR) is a substantial factor that contributes to flooding, particularly along the coastal regions of the United States. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of historical tide gauge records from 1900 to 2021 to investigate spatio-temporal dynamics of mean sea level (MSL) along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts and develops a forecasting model to predict future MSL using these dynamics. We employed empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) with time delay embedding to analyze and forecast MSL data. SLR dynamics and trend vary across different parts the U.S. coasts. Our proposed approach aids in identifying the regions most susceptible to SLR. To assess the socio-economic impact on the coastal regions due to SLR, we propose a framework that integrates the mean sea level data from tide-gauge stations with socio-economic variables of neighboring counties through interaction structure learning techniques. Furthermore, we empirically demonstrate the implications of our proposed framework in highlighting socio-economic factors affected by SLR. In conclusion, our predictive method elucidates the spatio-temporal dynamics of mean sea level, while our interaction learning framework reveals SLR’s impact on coastal socio-economic attributes.
{"title":"Analysis and prediction of sea level rise along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts and its socio-economic impacts on the nearby inland areas","authors":"Sharmin Majumder , ANM Nafiz Abeer , Musfira Rahman , Md Abul Ehsan Bhuiyan","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2024.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2024.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floods are among the most frequent and devastating natural disasters, causing severe global economic damage, yet timely and accurate warnings of flash flood impacts on ungauged locations remain challenging. Sea level rise (SLR) is a substantial factor that contributes to flooding, particularly along the coastal regions of the United States. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of historical tide gauge records from 1900 to 2021 to investigate spatio-temporal dynamics of mean sea level (MSL) along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts and develops a forecasting model to predict future MSL using these dynamics. We employed empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) with time delay embedding to analyze and forecast MSL data. SLR dynamics and trend vary across different parts the U.S. coasts. Our proposed approach aids in identifying the regions most susceptible to SLR. To assess the socio-economic impact on the coastal regions due to SLR, we propose a framework that integrates the mean sea level data from tide-gauge stations with socio-economic variables of neighboring counties through interaction structure learning techniques. Furthermore, we empirically demonstrate the implications of our proposed framework in highlighting socio-economic factors affected by SLR. In conclusion, our predictive method elucidates the spatio-temporal dynamics of mean sea level, while our interaction learning framework reveals SLR’s impact on coastal socio-economic attributes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100071
Murugesan Sobanaa , Ragothaman Prathiviraj , Munisamy Prathaban , George Seghal Kiran , Joseph Selvin
The ongoing transition to a circular economy signifies an essential change in managing resources, externalities, and sustainability within economies. This framework necessitates a comprehensive approach that acknowledges accountability for each stage of economic activity and its impact on both the social and environmental structures at national and global scales. A robust legislative and policy framework that aligns economic development with waste reduction and climate action is essential for facilitating this transition effectively. This study analyzes policy strategies from an ecological economics perspective, focusing on various developmental stages and emerging economies' specific challenges. These encompass deficiencies in the infrastructure, constraints of technology, legal and regulatory barriers, and sociocultural factors. The study highlights the importance of integrated policy tools such as corporate sustainability plans, extended producer responsibility, and environmental levies in fostering low-carbon, inclusive growth. The statement emphasizes the potential of green growth enablers, such as environmental governance, bioenergy technologies, and circular carbon economy (CCE) concepts, as effective tools for balancing ecological responsibility and economic advancement. The results offer valuable insights to support a development trajectory that is more equitable, robust, and sustainable.
{"title":"Closing the Loop: Circular economy solutions for long-term environmental health","authors":"Murugesan Sobanaa , Ragothaman Prathiviraj , Munisamy Prathaban , George Seghal Kiran , Joseph Selvin","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ongoing transition to a circular economy signifies an essential change in managing resources, externalities, and sustainability within economies. This framework necessitates a comprehensive approach that acknowledges accountability for each stage of economic activity and its impact on both the social and environmental structures at national and global scales. A robust legislative and policy framework that aligns economic development with waste reduction and climate action is essential for facilitating this transition effectively. This study analyzes policy strategies from an ecological economics perspective, focusing on various developmental stages and emerging economies' specific challenges. These encompass deficiencies in the infrastructure, constraints of technology, legal and regulatory barriers, and sociocultural factors. The study highlights the importance of integrated policy tools such as corporate sustainability plans, extended producer responsibility, and environmental levies in fostering low-carbon, inclusive growth. The statement emphasizes the potential of green growth enablers, such as environmental governance, bioenergy technologies, and circular carbon economy (CCE) concepts, as effective tools for balancing ecological responsibility and economic advancement. The results offer valuable insights to support a development trajectory that is more equitable, robust, and sustainable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144569930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100089
Athanas Chatalov , Daria Ivanova
Sedimentological and biostratigraphic results are used to interpret the Early Cretaceous history of the newly named Slivnitsa carbonate platform which existed on the northern Neotethyan margin. During the Berriasian, a reef-rimmed platform developed under oligotrophic conditions. Around the Berriasian/Valanginian boundary, the carbonate production switched from photozoan through heterozoan to non-skeletal mode indicating a biological crisis. The Slivnitsa platform became subaerially exposed in the earliest Valanginian due to a sea-level fall but the paleoenvironmental perturbation also influenced the rapid shutdown of the carbonate factory. After an emergence with karst formation the platform was drowned in the latest Valanginian as a result of eustatic sea-level rise. The renewed carbonate deposition persisted into the early Hauterivian in a distal offshore environment under meso-to eutrophic conditions with periodic input of fine siliciclastics, and calciclastics from an unknown heterozoan platform were deposited intermittently by gravity flows. Several lines of evidence suggest thе effect of synsedimentary extensional tectonics during the pre-drowning and later stages. The Berriasian–lower Hauterivian deposits are similar to coeval shallow platform and deeper marine deposits of the Western Neotethys realm and reflect the interplay between global, regional and local controls.
The present study gives evidence that significant paleoenvironmental changes occurred around the Berriasian/Valanginian boundary, i.e., predating the mid-Valanginian biocalcification crisis and the Weissert CIE. It also stresses the importance of Late Cimmerian tectonics along the northern margin of the Neotethys during the earliest Cretaceous.
{"title":"Paleoenvironments of Berriasian–lower Hauterivian deposits in the Western Neotethys: Late development, demise and drowning of the Slivnitsa carbonate platform (Western Bulgaria)","authors":"Athanas Chatalov , Daria Ivanova","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sedimentological and biostratigraphic results are used to interpret the Early Cretaceous history of the newly named Slivnitsa carbonate platform which existed on the northern Neotethyan margin. During the Berriasian, a reef-rimmed platform developed under oligotrophic conditions. Around the Berriasian/Valanginian boundary, the carbonate production switched from photozoan through heterozoan to non-skeletal mode indicating a biological crisis. The Slivnitsa platform became subaerially exposed in the earliest Valanginian due to a sea-level fall but the paleoenvironmental perturbation also influenced the rapid shutdown of the carbonate factory. After an emergence with karst formation the platform was drowned in the latest Valanginian as a result of eustatic sea-level rise. The renewed carbonate deposition persisted into the early Hauterivian in a distal offshore environment under meso-to eutrophic conditions with periodic input of fine siliciclastics, and calciclastics from an unknown heterozoan platform were deposited intermittently by gravity flows. Several lines of evidence suggest thе effect of synsedimentary extensional tectonics during the pre-drowning and later stages. The Berriasian–lower Hauterivian deposits are similar to coeval shallow platform and deeper marine deposits of the Western Neotethys realm and reflect the interplay between global, regional and local controls.</div><div>The present study gives evidence that significant paleoenvironmental changes occurred around the Berriasian/Valanginian boundary, i.e., predating the mid-Valanginian biocalcification crisis and the Weissert CIE. It also stresses the importance of Late Cimmerian tectonics along the northern margin of the Neotethys during the earliest Cretaceous.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100068
Marcio Cataldi , Rafael Rangel , Vitor Luiz Victalino Galves , Sonia Jerez , Juan Pedro Montávez , Amar Halifa-Marín , Luiz Landau
This study examines a scenario combining a prolonged solar minimum, like the historical Maunder Minimum, with the increased CO2 emissions characteristic of the industrial era. Two scenarios were developed in NCAR/CESM 2.0 implemented at LAMMOC/UFF to create simulations from 1850 to 2000, it contrasts differing radiative forcings from 1950 onward—one reflecting actual observed changes, including rising CO2 levels, and the other simulating a decrease in solar output like that during the Maunder Minimum but with continued CO2 growth. The results were validated against ERA5 data and 20th-century reanalysis. By calculating meridional averages at 30-degree latitude intervals, distinct regional impacts of the Maunder Minimum were identified. Notably the simulated Maunder Minimum reduced global warming by and even mitigated 70 % in HS in the last decade of the 20th century. However, this attenuation was lower in the HN, especially in the 30–60N region where no attenuation was observed.
{"title":"Would the occurrence of a Maunder-like solar minimum reverse the observed climate change?","authors":"Marcio Cataldi , Rafael Rangel , Vitor Luiz Victalino Galves , Sonia Jerez , Juan Pedro Montávez , Amar Halifa-Marín , Luiz Landau","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines a scenario combining a prolonged solar minimum, like the historical Maunder Minimum, with the increased CO2 emissions characteristic of the industrial era. Two scenarios were developed in NCAR/CESM 2.0 implemented at LAMMOC/UFF to create simulations from 1850 to 2000, it contrasts differing radiative forcings from 1950 onward—one reflecting actual observed changes, including rising CO2 levels, and the other simulating a decrease in solar output like that during the Maunder Minimum but with continued CO2 growth. The results were validated against ERA5 data and 20th-century reanalysis. By calculating meridional averages at 30-degree latitude intervals, distinct regional impacts of the Maunder Minimum were identified. Notably the simulated Maunder Minimum reduced global warming by and even mitigated 70 % in HS in the last decade of the 20th century. However, this attenuation was lower in the HN, especially in the 30–60N region where no attenuation was observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100064
José Guilherme de Oliveira , Lionel L. Siame , Leonardo José Cordeiro Santos , Lëatitia Leanni , Simone Cardoso Ribeiro , Frederico de Holanda Bastos , ASTER Team
<div><div>The Araripe Plateau, a relict landscape in the semi-arid northeastern region of Brazil, provides a unique setting to investigate sediment dynamics and long-term denudation rates using <em>in situ</em> cosmogenic nuclides ( <figure><img></figure> and <figure><img></figure> ). In this study, we analyze bedrock and modern river sediment samples to determine denudation rates, evaluate sediment mixing, and assess the landscape’s response to erosional processes. Our results indicate that, while bedrock samples largely reflect a state of cosmogenic secular equilibrium, river-borne sediments exhibit significantly lower <figure><img></figure> (Al-Be) ratios, pointing to a mixing process between freshly eroded material and recycled sediment from buried sources in the alluvial plain. Denudation rates in the Araripe region are low (<span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span> 20 m Myr<sup>−1</sup>) and show limited variability across different slopes and precipitation levels, consistent with other slow-tectonic settings like the Anti-Atlas in Morocco. However, differential denudation between the sedimentary rocks of the Araripe Basin and the crystalline basement rocks primarily controls relief evolution, driving the process of topographic inversion along the Ceará and Pernambuco slopes. In the Parnaíba basins, while this pattern holds, watersheds developed in Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks exhibit notably higher erosion rates, indicating faster landscape evolution in these areas. A speculative analysis of the geomorphic surfaces around the Araripe Plateau suggests long-term denudation rates of 3–6 m Myr<sup>−1</sup>, consistent with our cosmogenic nuclide-derived rates. These findings indicate a stable landscape with low relief, where tectonic activity has minimal influence, and lithological factors play a dominant role in controlling erosional patterns. The differential denudation rates across the plateau, supported by geomorphic metrics and the spatial distribution of laterite covers, provide insights into the ongoing evolution of this relict landscape and potential future drainage rearrangements. Our study underscores the complexity of sedimentary processes and the importance of combining cosmogenic nuclide analysis with geomorphic context to understand the interplay between erosion, sediment mixing, and landscape stability. Using a two-source mixing model, we estimate that up to 84% of river sediment in some watersheds originates from previously buried material. This trend correlates with the extent of the cumulative drainage network, suggesting that longer transport pathways enhance sediment mixing. The apparent burial times inferred from Al-Be ratios also show a negative correlation with the fraction of freshly eroded material, highlighting the role of deep-seated sediment contributions in building the cosmogenic signal. This integrated approach provides a refined perspective on sediment dynamics and denudation in slowly eroding landscapes, with broade
Araripe高原是巴西东北部半干旱地区的遗存景观，为利用原位宇宙形成核素（和）研究沉积物动力学和长期剥蚀速率提供了独特的环境。在这项研究中，我们分析了基岩和现代河流沉积物样本，以确定剥蚀速率，评估沉积物混合，并评估景观对侵蚀过程的响应。我们的研究结果表明，虽然基岩样品在很大程度上反映了宇宙形成的长期平衡状态，但河流沉积物表现出明显较低的（Al-Be）比率，表明冲积平原中新鲜侵蚀物质和埋藏源的回收沉积物之间存在混合过程。Araripe地区的剥蚀率较低（≤20 m Myr−1），在不同的坡度和降水水平上表现出有限的变化，与摩洛哥Anti-Atlas等其他缓慢构造环境一致。然而，Araripe盆地沉积岩与结晶基底岩之间的差异剥蚀作用主要控制了地形演化，推动了ceear和Pernambuco斜坡的地形反转过程。在Parnaíba盆地中，虽然这种模式成立，但古生代沉积岩发育的流域表现出明显更高的侵蚀速率，表明这些地区的景观演化速度更快。对Araripe高原周围地貌表面的推测分析表明，长期剥蚀速率为3-6 m Myr−1，与我们的宇宙成因核素衍生速率一致。这些发现表明，该地区地形稳定，起伏度低，构造活动对其影响较小，岩性因素对侵蚀模式起主导作用。在地貌指标和红土覆盖层空间分布的支持下，高原上不同的剥蚀率为这一遗存景观的持续演变和潜在的未来排水重新安排提供了见解。我们的研究强调了沉积过程的复杂性，以及将宇宙成因核素分析与地貌背景相结合的重要性，以了解侵蚀、沉积物混合和景观稳定性之间的相互作用。使用双源混合模型，我们估计在一些流域高达84%的河流沉积物来自以前埋藏的物质。这一趋势与累积水系的范围有关，表明较长的输送路径加强了沉积物的混合。由Al-Be比值推断的表观埋藏时间也与新侵蚀物质的比例呈负相关，突出了深部沉积物在构建宇宙成因信号中的作用。这种综合方法提供了对缓慢侵蚀景观中沉积物动力学和剥蚀的精细视角，对在世界各地类似环境中解释宇宙形成核素数据具有更广泛的意义。
{"title":"Relief inversion and denudation dynamics in a semi-arid landscape (Araripe Plateau, NE Brazil): Insights from cosmogenic nuclides and geomorphic surfaces","authors":"José Guilherme de Oliveira , Lionel L. Siame , Leonardo José Cordeiro Santos , Lëatitia Leanni , Simone Cardoso Ribeiro , Frederico de Holanda Bastos , ASTER Team","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Araripe Plateau, a relict landscape in the semi-arid northeastern region of Brazil, provides a unique setting to investigate sediment dynamics and long-term denudation rates using <em>in situ</em> cosmogenic nuclides ( <figure><img></figure> and <figure><img></figure> ). In this study, we analyze bedrock and modern river sediment samples to determine denudation rates, evaluate sediment mixing, and assess the landscape’s response to erosional processes. Our results indicate that, while bedrock samples largely reflect a state of cosmogenic secular equilibrium, river-borne sediments exhibit significantly lower <figure><img></figure> (Al-Be) ratios, pointing to a mixing process between freshly eroded material and recycled sediment from buried sources in the alluvial plain. Denudation rates in the Araripe region are low (<span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span> 20 m Myr<sup>−1</sup>) and show limited variability across different slopes and precipitation levels, consistent with other slow-tectonic settings like the Anti-Atlas in Morocco. However, differential denudation between the sedimentary rocks of the Araripe Basin and the crystalline basement rocks primarily controls relief evolution, driving the process of topographic inversion along the Ceará and Pernambuco slopes. In the Parnaíba basins, while this pattern holds, watersheds developed in Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks exhibit notably higher erosion rates, indicating faster landscape evolution in these areas. A speculative analysis of the geomorphic surfaces around the Araripe Plateau suggests long-term denudation rates of 3–6 m Myr<sup>−1</sup>, consistent with our cosmogenic nuclide-derived rates. These findings indicate a stable landscape with low relief, where tectonic activity has minimal influence, and lithological factors play a dominant role in controlling erosional patterns. The differential denudation rates across the plateau, supported by geomorphic metrics and the spatial distribution of laterite covers, provide insights into the ongoing evolution of this relict landscape and potential future drainage rearrangements. Our study underscores the complexity of sedimentary processes and the importance of combining cosmogenic nuclide analysis with geomorphic context to understand the interplay between erosion, sediment mixing, and landscape stability. Using a two-source mixing model, we estimate that up to 84% of river sediment in some watersheds originates from previously buried material. This trend correlates with the extent of the cumulative drainage network, suggesting that longer transport pathways enhance sediment mixing. The apparent burial times inferred from Al-Be ratios also show a negative correlation with the fraction of freshly eroded material, highlighting the role of deep-seated sediment contributions in building the cosmogenic signal. This integrated approach provides a refined perspective on sediment dynamics and denudation in slowly eroding landscapes, with broade","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2024.100050
Jon J. Smith , R.M. Joeckel , Holly L. Field , Greg A. Ludvigson , Andreas Möller , Anthony L. Layzell , Shane T. Tucker
Global and regional shifts in climate and environmental conditions during the Miocene gradually gave rise to the grassland biomes that now dominate the modern North American Great Plains. Strata comprising the Ogallala Group provide critical information for understanding these transitions. Geologic mapping and scientific drilling at the eastern edge of the Ogallala Group in northeastern Nebraska, reveal a basal, pedogenically modified siltstone-dominated interval that was hitherto barely known and never firmly placed in a regional stratigraphic context. Herein, we distinguish this basal siltstone unit of the Ogallala Group in the eastern Niobrara River Valley from the overlying sand-dominated strata of the Valentine Formation on the basis of lithologic characteristics, trends in organic-carbon δ13C chemostratigraphic profiles, and U-Pb dating of detrital zircons. This siltstone unit bears some similarities to the middle Miocene Fort Randall Formation in its type area, which lies ∼75 km to the northwest in the Bijou Hills of South Dakota. Organic δ13C chemostratigraphic profiles generated from outcrops and cores of the basal siltstone in Nebraska indicate that the study area consistently had C3-dominated paleofloras while it was deposited, presumably in the middle Miocene. The youngest detrital zircons from the siltstone-dominated unit were probably deposited directly onto ancient landscapes by supervolcanic airfall events originating some 1500 km to the west near the intersection of the boundaries of present Oregon, Nevada, and Idaho. These youngest zircons yield a maximum depositional age of ∼15 Ma. This age is in general agreement with the Barstovian (Ba2) mammal biostratigraphic age of the Fort Randall Formation in South Dakota. It is also significantly older than the ∼13 Ma youngest single grain zircon we recovered from sands of the overlying Valentine Formation. Thus, we propose that our integrated geochronologic and chemostratigraphic approach can date Late Cenozoic strata with constraints on the order of 1 m.y., portending broad applicability of our methods in reducing the uncertainties in dating terrigenous sediments in continental basins.
{"title":"Integrated geochronological and chemostratigraphic study of middle Miocene strata (Ogallala Group) at the eastern margin of the North American Great Plains","authors":"Jon J. Smith , R.M. Joeckel , Holly L. Field , Greg A. Ludvigson , Andreas Möller , Anthony L. Layzell , Shane T. Tucker","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2024.100050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2024.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global and regional shifts in climate and environmental conditions during the Miocene gradually gave rise to the grassland biomes that now dominate the modern North American Great Plains. Strata comprising the Ogallala Group provide critical information for understanding these transitions. Geologic mapping and scientific drilling at the eastern edge of the Ogallala Group in northeastern Nebraska, reveal a basal, pedogenically modified siltstone-dominated interval that was hitherto barely known and never firmly placed in a regional stratigraphic context. Herein, we distinguish this basal siltstone unit of the Ogallala Group in the eastern Niobrara River Valley from the overlying sand-dominated strata of the Valentine Formation on the basis of lithologic characteristics, trends in organic-carbon δ<sup>13</sup>C chemostratigraphic profiles, and U-Pb dating of detrital zircons. This siltstone unit bears some similarities to the middle Miocene Fort Randall Formation in its type area, which lies ∼75 km to the northwest in the Bijou Hills of South Dakota. Organic δ<sup>13</sup>C chemostratigraphic profiles generated from outcrops and cores of the basal siltstone in Nebraska indicate that the study area consistently had C<sub>3</sub>-dominated paleofloras while it was deposited, presumably in the middle Miocene. The youngest detrital zircons from the siltstone-dominated unit were probably deposited directly onto ancient landscapes by supervolcanic airfall events originating some 1500 km to the west near the intersection of the boundaries of present Oregon, Nevada, and Idaho. These youngest zircons yield a maximum depositional age of ∼15 Ma. This age is in general agreement with the Barstovian (Ba2) mammal biostratigraphic age of the Fort Randall Formation in South Dakota. It is also significantly older than the ∼13 Ma youngest single grain zircon we recovered from sands of the overlying Valentine Formation. Thus, we propose that our integrated geochronologic and chemostratigraphic approach can date Late Cenozoic strata with constraints on the order of 1 m.y., portending broad applicability of our methods in reducing the uncertainties in dating terrigenous sediments in continental basins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Granitic pegmatites have attracted a significant interest of petrologists and mineralogists due to their complex genetic characteristics and substantial economic value. Although numerous reviews addressed specific aspects such as genesis, classification, economic potential, and tectonic setting, a comprehensive review integrating all these facets in a single article has been lacking. This study fills that gap by offering a holistic review that synthesizes these key dimensions. It examines prevailing theories on pegmatite genesis, traces the evolution of classification systems, and assesses the economic importance of pegmatites as sources of industrial minerals, strategic metals, and gemstones, as well as their association with different tectonic settings.
The crystallization of the majority of granitic pegmatites is widely acknowledged to occur in the presence of a viscous, volatile-rich polymerized silicate magma, concomitant with supercritical aqueous fluids. Consequently, granitic pegmatites can frequently be conceded as a hybrid rock derived through igneous and hydrothermal processes. Various criteria, such as the emplacement depth of granitic pegmatites, their association with metamorphism and granitic plutons, geochemical signatures, and their relationships with host rocks, have traditionally been employed for the classification of granitic pegmatites. However, none of the classifications has been accepted unequivocally.
Pegmatitic melt is often rich in chemical constituents (including volatiles) that are incompatible in common rock-forming minerals. In addition to rare earth elements, pegmatites are commonly enriched in rare elements such as Li, B, Be, Cs, and Ta. Because they are incompatible in common rock-forming minerals, these elements tend to create specific mineral phases that can host themselves. As a result, the concentration of trace elements such as Li, B, Cs, Ta, and Bi in these bodies are enriched to levels as high as a thousand times higher than the typical crustal abundance.
Granitic pegmatites encompass a diverse array of economic commodities, serving as repositories for industrial minerals and sources for strategic metals like Ta, Cs, Sn, Nb, Be, Sb, W, Co, and rare earth elements. Furthermore, they contribute as reservoirs of fluxing components, including Li, P, F, and B, while serving as sources of precious and semi-precious gemstones and some radioactive minerals. The global distribution of pegmatite ages suggests a linkage between the age of pegmatite formation and supercontinent assembly. The Li, Ce and Ta enriched (LCT) granitic pegmatites form part of the orogenic suites associated with crustal shortening in zones of subduction and instances of continental collision. The Nb, Y, and F-enriched (NYF) pegmatites are mainly interpreted as products of anorogenic suites and formed mainly in extensional settings.
{"title":"Genesis, classification, tectonic setting and economic potential of global granitic pegmatites: A review","authors":"P.L. Dharmapriya , D.W.M. Disanayaka , H.M.T.G.A. Pitawala , Sanjeewa P.K. Malaviarachchi , N.D. Subasinghe","doi":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eve.2025.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Granitic pegmatites have attracted a significant interest of petrologists and mineralogists due to their complex genetic characteristics and substantial economic value. Although numerous reviews addressed specific aspects such as genesis, classification, economic potential, and tectonic setting, a comprehensive review integrating all these facets in a single article has been lacking. This study fills that gap by offering a holistic review that synthesizes these key dimensions. It examines prevailing theories on pegmatite genesis, traces the evolution of classification systems, and assesses the economic importance of pegmatites as sources of industrial minerals, strategic metals, and gemstones, as well as their association with different tectonic settings.</div><div>The crystallization of the majority of granitic pegmatites is widely acknowledged to occur in the presence of a viscous, volatile-rich polymerized silicate magma, concomitant with supercritical aqueous fluids. Consequently, granitic pegmatites can frequently be conceded as a hybrid rock derived through igneous and hydrothermal processes. Various criteria, such as the emplacement depth of granitic pegmatites, their association with metamorphism and granitic plutons, geochemical signatures, and their relationships with host rocks, have traditionally been employed for the classification of granitic pegmatites. However, none of the classifications has been accepted unequivocally.</div><div>Pegmatitic melt is often rich in chemical constituents (including volatiles) that are incompatible in common rock-forming minerals. In addition to rare earth elements, pegmatites are commonly enriched in rare elements such as Li, B, Be, Cs, and Ta. Because they are incompatible in common rock-forming minerals, these elements tend to create specific mineral phases that can host themselves. As a result, the concentration of trace elements such as Li, B, Cs, Ta, and Bi in these bodies are enriched to levels as high as a thousand times higher than the typical crustal abundance.</div><div>Granitic pegmatites encompass a diverse array of economic commodities, serving as repositories for industrial minerals and sources for strategic metals like Ta, Cs, Sn, Nb, Be, Sb, W, Co, and rare earth elements. Furthermore, they contribute as reservoirs of fluxing components, including Li, P, F, and B, while serving as sources of precious and semi-precious gemstones and some radioactive minerals. The global distribution of pegmatite ages suggests a linkage between the age of pegmatite formation and supercontinent assembly. The Li, Ce and Ta enriched (LCT) granitic pegmatites form part of the orogenic suites associated with crustal shortening in zones of subduction and instances of continental collision. The Nb, Y, and F-enriched (NYF) pegmatites are mainly interpreted as products of anorogenic suites and formed mainly in extensional settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100516,"journal":{"name":"Evolving Earth","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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