Evolving Earth最新文献_第4页

Organic matter characteristics in black shales of the southwestern paleogene N'kapa formation, Douala Sub-basin Cameroon: Evidence from stable isotopes and rock-eval pyrolysis 喀麦隆Douala亚盆地西南古近系N’kapa组黑色页岩有机质特征：稳定同位素和岩石热解证据

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100074

Ngong Roger Ngia , Elie Fosso Menkem , Alexandrine N'nanga , Christopher Fuanya , Median Yongye

Shallow marine black shales from outcrops, river channels, drilled and dug wells in Dibombari-Kompina-Mian (Stage-1) and Pendanboko (Stage-2) of the Paleogene N'kapa Formation in Douala Sub-basin were studied. Paleoclimate, paleoredox and paleoproductivity was examined, and the mechanism of organic matter accumulation and enrichment in shales and mudstones of N'kapa Formation was formulated. It provides detailed analysis of organic matter richness and hydrocarbon generation potentials of black shales. The rocks were analyzed using elemental geochemistry, SEM, TOC, organic carbon isotope, sulfur isotopes (pyrite sulfur and organic bound), total sulfur and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Paleoclimate proxies show that the rocks were deposited under humid to semi-arid conditions. Paleoredox proxies reveal that the sediments were deposited dominantly under suboxic to anoxic conditions. The parameters for paleoproductivity: biogenic barium, δ³⁴S_py, δ¹³C_org, TOC, Mo/Al, P_org/Al, Cu/Al and S/¹³C_org ratios indicate that the humid-to semi-arid climate and reducing conditions were suitable for high primary productivity and favorable for the accumulation and enrichment of organic matters. The model of organic matter accumulation reveals that high primary productivity, suboxic-to-dominantly anoxic sulfidic bottom water, bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) and supply of nutrient materials were responsible for accumulation and preservation of organic matter. The black shales have fair to good source rock richness for gaseous hydrocarbon generation, except for samples KO6-9, KO10-1 and KO13-2 having good gas/oil source rock potentials. The rocks are mainly type III kerogen, with few mixed type II/III kerogens present. Most samples are thermally immature, with three exceptional samples at marginally early mature stage for hydrocarbon generation.

对杜阿拉次盆地古近系N’kapa组dibomari - kompina - mian（一期）和Pendanboko（二期）的露头、河道、钻井和挖井的浅海黑色页岩进行了研究。考察了古气候、古氧化还原和古生产力，阐述了N’kapa组页岩和泥岩有机质富集机制。详细分析了黑色页岩的有机质丰度和生烃潜力。采用元素地球化学、SEM、TOC、有机碳同位素、硫同位素（黄铁矿硫和有机结合）、总硫和Rock-Eval热解等方法对岩石进行分析。古气候指标表明，这些岩石是在湿润至半干旱的条件下沉积的。古氧化还原指标显示，沉积物主要在缺氧-缺氧条件下沉积。生物源钡、δ34Spy、δ13Corg、TOC、Mo/Al、Porg/Al、Cu/Al和S/13Corg比值等古生产力参数表明，湿润-半干旱气候和还原条件适合于高初级生产力，有利于有机质的聚集富集。有机质积累模式表明，高初级生产力、亚氧至主要缺氧硫化物底水、细菌硫酸盐还原（BSR）和营养物质的供应是有机质积累和保存的主要原因。除KO6-9、KO10-1和KO13-2样品具有良好的油气源岩潜力外，黑色页岩气生烃源岩丰富度一般至较好。岩石以III型干酪根为主，II/III型混合干酪根较少。大多数样品热不成熟，有3个例外样品处于生烃的略早成熟阶段。

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引用次数: 0

Anaerobic photoferrotrophy and hydrothermal influence in the Mesoarchean Girar banded iron formation: insights from micropaleontology and geochemistry 厌氧光养铁和热液对中太古宙Girar带状铁形成的影响：来自微古生物学和地球化学的见解

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100073

Arif H. Ansari , Yogmaya Shukla , Gaurav K. Singh , Archana Sonker , Mohammad Arif Ansari , Arunaditya Das

Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) serve as critical archives of early biosignatures; however, uncertainties remain regarding the biological affinities, metabolic pathways, and their role in Earth's early oxidation history. This study investigates the Mesoarchean Girar BIF (2850 ± 26 Ma) from the Bundelkhand craton using an integrated micropaleontological and geochemical approach to address these questions. Well-preserved spheroidal microfossils, morphologically similar to Huroniospora, are documented. The organic carbon isotopic signatures (δ¹³C-org ranging from −27.8 ‰ to −35.2 ‰) indicate a biological origin mainly linked to anoxygenic photosynthesizers, methanogenic archaea, or methanotrophic bacteria, and to some extent cyanobacterial activity. These observations suggest that Fe²⁺ oxidation within the Girar-Baraitha BIF was predominantly driven by anaerobic photoferrotrophs, rather than abiotic processes. Geochemical proxies, including Sm/Yb versus Eu/Sm ratios, point to hydrothermal fluid and seawater mixing in proportions of 1:1000 to 1:100, supported by a pronounced positive Eu/Eu∗ (>2), indicating substantial hydrothermal Fe input. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that anaerobic photosynthesis, particularly photoferrotrophy, played a central role in iron deposition in the Girar-Baraitha BIF. Abiotic oxidation, while present, was likely a secondary process facilitated by localized oxidative conditions. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of early Earth's biogeochemical cycles, microbial ecosystems, and the mechanisms driving surface oxidation and iron formation during the Mesoarchean.

带状铁地层（BIFs）是早期生物特征的重要档案；然而，生物亲和性、代谢途径及其在地球早期氧化史中的作用仍然存在不确定性。本文采用微古生物学和地球化学相结合的方法，研究了本德尔坎德克拉通中太古代吉拉尔BIF（2850±26 Ma）。保存完好的球形微化石，形态上与Huroniospora相似。有机碳同位素δ13C-org值在−27.8‰~−35.2‰之间，表明其生物成因主要与无氧光合作用菌、产甲烷古菌或产甲烷营养菌有关，并有一定程度的蓝藻活性。这些观察结果表明，Girar-Baraitha biif中的Fe2+氧化主要是由厌氧光养生物驱动的，而不是由非生物过程驱动的。包括Sm/Yb和Eu/Sm比值在内的地球化学指标表明，热液流体和海水的混合比例为1:1000至1:100，Eu/Eu * (>2)明显为正，表明热液中有大量的铁输入。总的来说，这些发现提供了厌氧光合作用，特别是光养铁，在Girar-Baraitha BIF的铁沉积中起核心作用的证据。非生物氧化虽然存在，但可能是由局部氧化条件促进的次要过程。该研究有助于更细致地了解中太古宙早期地球生物地球化学循环、微生物生态系统以及驱动表面氧化和铁形成的机制。

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引用次数: 0

Biostratigraphy, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate in northeastern Patagonia during the early Paleocene based on the micropaleontological record 基于微体古生物记录的巴塔哥尼亚东北部早古新世生物地层、古环境和古气候

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2024.100052

M. Sol González Estebenet , M. Verónica Guler , Edgardo L. Navarro , Luis Palazzesi , Viviana D. Barreda , Juan P. Pérez Panera , Andrea Caramés

The Península Valdés es-1 well exhibits the most complete stratigraphic record of an important Danian Atlantic marine event in Patagonia, Argentina. Biostratigraphic analysis of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts) along with sporomorphs, calcareous nannofossils and foraminiferal complementary data allowed the identification of three stratigraphic intervals of earliest Danian, early to middle Danian and late Danian ages. Diagnostic palynomorph events were recognized including the highest occurrences of the dinocysts Danea californica and Senoniasphaera inornata; the highest common occurrences of Trithyrodinium evittii and Trithyridinium verrucosum. A basal spike of the Cheirolepidiaceae pollen Classopollis provides further evidence of the flourishing of this opportunistic taxon in disturbed ecosystems related to the K/P mass extinction event. The nannofossil zones NP1 to NP4 were identified throughout the section, as well as the foraminifera zones P1b–P1c in the middle and upper part. The microfossil composition reveals fluctuating proximal and neritic environments, as well as a maximum flooding episode; the latter, indicated by the outer neritic Spiniferites, the oceanic taxa Impagidiniumr, along with a glauconitic level. Two warm-sea surface temperature episodes were identified; the oldest, in the early Danian, indicated by the thermophilic dinocysts Trithyrodinium, Hafniasphera and Cordospheridium; and the youngest, in the late Danian, marked by Glaphyrocysta, Hafniasphaera, Tectatodinium pellitum and Pierceites spp. together with frost-intolerant sporomorph taxa and the warm-water foraminifer Boltovskoyella paleocenica. This study contributes to the Argentina paleogeography, achieving a refined marine reconstruction model for the early Paleocene.

Península valdsames -1井展示了阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚一次重要的达尼亚大西洋海洋事件的最完整的地层记录。有机壁鞭毛藻囊（dinocysts）的生物地层学分析，以及孢子形、钙质纳米化石和有孔虫的补充资料，确定了大年早期、大年早至中期和大年晚期三个地层间隔。诊断性畸形事件被认为包括最高发生率的dinocy囊肿Danea california和Senoniasphaera inornata；常见发生率最高的是叶氏三甲胺和疣状三甲胺。在与K/P大灭绝事件有关的受干扰的生态系统中，这种机会性分类群的繁荣进一步提供了证据。整个剖面发育NP1 ~ NP4纳米化石带，中上部发育p1b ~ p1c有孔虫带。微化石组成揭示了波动的近端和浅海环境，以及最大洪水期；后者的标志是外浅海尖刺石，海洋分群Impagidiniumr，以及海绿石层。确定了两个暖海表温事件；最古老的，在大年早期，以嗜热恐龙囊Trithyrodinium、Hafniasphera和Cordospheridium为标志；最年轻的是在大年代晚期，以Glaphyrocysta、Hafniasphaera、Tectatodinium pelpelum和Pierceites spa为标志，以及不耐霜冻的孢子虫类群和暖水有孔虫Boltovskoyella paleocenica。该研究有助于阿根廷古地理，实现了一个精细的早古新世海洋重建模型。

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引用次数: 0

Genesis of fossil concentrations in foreland basins: A case study of the middle Eocene Man Aike Formation, Magallanes Basin, Chilean Patagonia 前陆盆地化石富集成因：以智利巴塔哥尼亚麦哲伦盆地中始新世Man Aike组为例

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2024.100053

Eduardo Guareschi Müller , Rodrigo Scalise Horodyski , Karlos Guilherme Diemer Kochhann , Gerson Fauth , Leslie Marcela Elizabeth Manríquez , Rodrigo do Monte Guerra , Hugo Schimidt Neto , Cristine Trevisan , Marcelo Adrian Leppe Cartes

Foreland basins are tectonically active, and the accommodation for sediment deposition in shallow marine environments is continuously altered due to rapid variations in the proximal area, influencing fossil concentration. The middle Eocene Man Aike Formation in the northwest region of the retroarc foreland Magallanes/Austral Basin, Chilean Patagonia, is represented by coarse siliciclastic deposits interbedded with dense fossil concentrations. To better understand the depositional and paleoenvironmental context recorded by these strata and fossil concentrations, this study presents a multi-proxy characterization, based on facies analysis, taphonomy and geochemical analysis of bulk sediments. In the study area, the base of the sedimentary succession is interpreted as stacked transgressive facies deposits of the shoreface zone. Taphonomic features as articulation, fragmentation, orientation and bioincrustation suggests that shell concentrations were influenced by fair weather and storm waves (mass flows started by gravitational effects) in three types. The fossil concentrations that characterize episodic deposits, we interpreted as proximal and distal tempestites. The Lowest shell fossil concentrations are interpreted as fossiliferous lags, suggesting the onset of a transgression in the Magallanes Basin. The fossil concentrations composed of closed and articulated bivalves, observed in the middle portion of succession, were interpreted as event concentrations. Results of geochemical analyses (terrigenous elements/Ca, Al/Ca, Ti/Al and Sr/Ca ratios) support the occurrence of a deepening trend towards the top of the sedimentary succession. Taphonomic control related to the low accommodation of the foreland basin, combined with relatively high sea-level, was a determining factor in the genesis of the middle Eocene fossil concentration.

前陆盆地构造活动频繁，浅海环境中沉积物沉积的容纳空间由于近端区域的快速变化而不断改变，影响了化石浓度。智利巴塔哥尼亚Magallanes/Austral盆地弧后前陆西北地区中始新世Man Aike组以粗质硅屑沉积互层和致密化石为代表。为了更好地了解这些地层和化石浓度所记录的沉积和古环境背景，本研究在对大块沉积物进行相分析、地层学和地球化学分析的基础上，进行了多指标表征。在研究区，沉积演替的基础被解释为岸面带海侵相堆积沉积。衔接、碎裂、定向和生物结壳等声学特征表明，贝壳浓度受天气和风暴波（由重力效应引发的质量流）的影响有三种类型。化石浓度表征幕式沉积，我们解释为近端和远端风暴。最低的贝壳化石浓度被解释为化石滞后，表明麦哲伦盆地海侵的开始。在演替中段观察到的由闭合双壳类和铰接双壳类组成的化石浓度被解释为事件浓度。地球化学分析结果（陆源元素/Ca、Al/Ca、Ti/Al和Sr/Ca比值）支持沉积演替有向顶部加深的趋势。与前陆盆地的低可容性有关的地学控制，结合相对较高的海平面，是中始新世化石集中成因的决定性因素。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating tribal perceptions and traditional ecological knowledge into ecosystem services management: A case study from the Barind region, Eastern India 将部落观念和传统生态知识纳入生态系统服务管理：来自印度东部巴林德地区的案例研究

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100070

Arijit Das, Priya Das, Ashis Mandal, Kalikinkar Das

Ecosystem services (ES) must be incorporated into adaptive management to sustain socio-ecological systems, especially in tribal landscapes where culture, livelihoods, and biodiversity are closely intertwined. This study investigate the importance and performance analysis of ES and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in adaptive management in the tribal-dominated landscape of the Barind region in Malda district, eastern India. Using structured questionnaires, the field survey was conducted and data was collected from 391 households (HHs) across 5 clusters, which were subsequently analyzed to measure the importance and performance (IP) of ES. The result shows that food is the most important service with an importance and performance of 3.86 and 3.04, respectively, followed by drinking water (importance 3.84, performance 3.12), and fuel wood (importance 3.79, performance 2.61) as these are essential for livelihoods. The Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) revealed large gaps in Provisioning and Regulating ES, which calls for urgent conservation measures. By integrating TEK with modern scientific approaches to conservation, this study provides practical insights into increasing ecosystem resilience, conserving biodiversity, and supporting of sustainable livelihoods. The findings of the study are consistent with global sustainability frameworks, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs: 1, Zero Hunger; SDGs; 11, Sustainable cities and communities; SDGs: 13, Climate action and SDGs 15; Life on land), making it a replicable model for policy makers in developing culturally responsive strategies. Therefore, this study, highlights the opportunity to integrate traditional and modern knowledge to address socio-ecological challenges and ensure long-term sustainability in tribal-dominated regions worldwide.

必须将生态系统服务纳入适应性管理，以维持社会生态系统，特别是在文化、生计和生物多样性密切交织的部落景观中。本研究探讨了ES和传统生态知识（TEK）在印度东部Malda地区Barind地区部落主导景观适应性管理中的重要性和绩效分析。采用结构化问卷，对5个集群的391个家庭（HHs）进行了实地调查，并收集了数据，随后对这些数据进行分析，以衡量ES的重要性和绩效（IP）。结果表明，食物是最重要的服务，重要性和绩效分别为3.86和3.04，其次是饮用水（重要性3.84，绩效3.12）和木柴（重要性3.79，绩效2.61），因为它们是生计所必需的。重要性-绩效分析（IPA）揭示了我国在供应和调节环境能源方面存在的巨大差距，迫切需要采取节约措施。通过将TEK与现代科学保护方法相结合，本研究为提高生态系统恢复力、保护生物多样性和支持可持续生计提供了实际见解。该研究的结果与全球可持续发展框架一致，包括可持续发展目标(SDGs: 1、零饥饿；西班牙;11、可持续城市和社区；可持续发展目标：13，气候行动和可持续发展目标15；陆地上的生命)，使其成为政策制定者在制定文化响应战略时可复制的模型。因此，本研究强调了整合传统和现代知识以应对社会生态挑战并确保全球部落主导地区的长期可持续性的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Closing the Loop: Circular economy solutions for long-term environmental health 闭合循环：长期环境健康的循环经济解决方案

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100071

Murugesan Sobanaa , Ragothaman Prathiviraj , Munisamy Prathaban , George Seghal Kiran , Joseph Selvin

The ongoing transition to a circular economy signifies an essential change in managing resources, externalities, and sustainability within economies. This framework necessitates a comprehensive approach that acknowledges accountability for each stage of economic activity and its impact on both the social and environmental structures at national and global scales. A robust legislative and policy framework that aligns economic development with waste reduction and climate action is essential for facilitating this transition effectively. This study analyzes policy strategies from an ecological economics perspective, focusing on various developmental stages and emerging economies' specific challenges. These encompass deficiencies in the infrastructure, constraints of technology, legal and regulatory barriers, and sociocultural factors. The study highlights the importance of integrated policy tools such as corporate sustainability plans, extended producer responsibility, and environmental levies in fostering low-carbon, inclusive growth. The statement emphasizes the potential of green growth enablers, such as environmental governance, bioenergy technologies, and circular carbon economy (CCE) concepts, as effective tools for balancing ecological responsibility and economic advancement. The results offer valuable insights to support a development trajectory that is more equitable, robust, and sustainable.

正在进行的向循环经济的过渡标志着经济内部管理资源、外部性和可持续性方面的重大变化。这一框架需要一种全面的办法，承认对经济活动的每一阶段及其对国家和全球范围的社会和环境结构的影响负责。一个将经济发展与减少废物和气候行动相结合的强有力的立法和政策框架对于有效促进这一过渡至关重要。本研究从生态经济学的角度分析政策策略，重点关注新兴经济体的不同发展阶段和具体挑战。这些因素包括基础设施不足、技术限制、法律和监管障碍以及社会文化因素。该研究强调了企业可持续发展计划、扩大生产者责任和环境税等综合政策工具在促进低碳、包容性增长方面的重要性。声明强调，环境治理、生物能源技术和循环碳经济（CCE）概念等绿色增长促进因素的潜力，是平衡生态责任和经济发展的有效工具。研究结果为支持更加公平、稳健和可持续的发展轨迹提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Paleoenvironments of Berriasian–lower Hauterivian deposits in the Western Neotethys: Late development, demise and drowning of the Slivnitsa carbonate platform (Western Bulgaria) 新特提斯西部berrisia - Hauterivian下沉积的古环境：保加利亚西部Slivnitsa碳酸盐岩台地的晚期发育、消亡和淹没

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100089

Athanas Chatalov , Daria Ivanova

Sedimentological and biostratigraphic results are used to interpret the Early Cretaceous history of the newly named Slivnitsa carbonate platform which existed on the northern Neotethyan margin. During the Berriasian, a reef-rimmed platform developed under oligotrophic conditions. Around the Berriasian/Valanginian boundary, the carbonate production switched from photozoan through heterozoan to non-skeletal mode indicating a biological crisis. The Slivnitsa platform became subaerially exposed in the earliest Valanginian due to a sea-level fall but the paleoenvironmental perturbation also influenced the rapid shutdown of the carbonate factory. After an emergence with karst formation the platform was drowned in the latest Valanginian as a result of eustatic sea-level rise. The renewed carbonate deposition persisted into the early Hauterivian in a distal offshore environment under meso-to eutrophic conditions with periodic input of fine siliciclastics, and calciclastics from an unknown heterozoan platform were deposited intermittently by gravity flows. Several lines of evidence suggest thе effect of synsedimentary extensional tectonics during the pre-drowning and later stages. The Berriasian–lower Hauterivian deposits are similar to coeval shallow platform and deeper marine deposits of the Western Neotethys realm and reflect the interplay between global, regional and local controls.

The present study gives evidence that significant paleoenvironmental changes occurred around the Berriasian/Valanginian boundary, i.e., predating the mid-Valanginian biocalcification crisis and the Weissert CIE. It also stresses the importance of Late Cimmerian tectonics along the northern margin of the Neotethys during the earliest Cretaceous.

用沉积学和生物地层学的结果解释了新特提斯北部边缘新近命名的Slivnitsa碳酸盐岩台地的早白垩世历史。在贝里亚期，一个礁缘台地在少营养条件下发育。在Berriasian/Valanginian边界附近，碳酸盐生产从光生动物到异生动物再到非骨生动物，表明生物危机。由于海平面的下降，Slivnitsa台地在瓦兰吉尼亚纪早期向地下暴露，但古环境的扰动也影响了碳酸盐工厂的快速关闭。随着喀斯特地层的出现，由于海平面的上升，台地在最新的瓦兰吉尼亚期被淹没。在中富营养化条件下的远端近海环境中，更新的碳酸盐沉积持续到豪瑞世早期，并伴有周期性的细硅塑料输入，而来自未知异源台地的钙化塑料则在重力流作用下间歇性沉积。多项证据表明，同沉积伸展构造在淹水前和后期起到了作用。berriasia - Hauterivian下沉积与同时期的西新特提斯地区浅台地和较深海相沉积相似，反映了全球、区域和局部控制的相互作用。研究表明，在中瓦兰吉尼亚期生物钙化危机和Weissert CIE之前，在贝里亚-瓦兰吉尼亚期边界附近发生了显著的古环境变化。它还强调了白垩纪早期沿新特提斯北缘的晚西元纪构造的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Variscan Gornjane granitoid as an alternative cold-water reservoir in the ore-baring and mining area of eastern Serbia: Quantitative-qualitative characterization (Carpathian-Balkan belt, Getic unit) Variscan Gornjane花岗岩类在塞尔维亚东部露矿区和矿区作为一种可选的冷水储层：定量-定性表征（喀尔巴阡-巴尔干带，地层单元）

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2024.100045

Goran Marinković , Marina Magazinović , Darko Spahić , Nataša Obradović , Maja Poznanović Spahić , Ivana Jovanić , Bogdan Kuzmanović

The diminishing high-quality groundwater reservoirs have sparked significant interest in hard-rock aquifers, especially in active mining and raw material exploration areas. This paper aims to forecast the quantity and quality of alternative water resources in the area, thus facilitating the planning and design of the existing water resource systems. The focal point is the groundwater accommodated within basement-type alternative igneous aquifers nestled within an active mining and exploration province belonging to the Carpathian-Balkan fold-and-thrust belt (Banat-Timok Province/Banatitic Belt, sector in eastern Serbia). Despite their lower water-bearing capacity, we underscore the significant hydrogeological potential of natural water igneous-type aquifers, such as the Variscan Gornjane massif.

For the first time, this research identifies different reservoirs across the granite massif, providing a fresh perspective on the regional water resource systems. By categorizing reservoirs based on porosity type, flow rates, depth of reservoir rocks (in the depth range of 50 m), and distribution, this study significantly enhances the forecasting of the new water resource system, underlining the importance of this research in the field of water resources and mining. In addition to faulted sections of granite, aquifers are formed in the area characterized by weathered and decomposed granite fragments, often referred to as gruss deposits. The gruss layer has a flow rate reaching up to 0.01 l/s. In terms of the water quality, the groundwaters of the Gornjane granite massif mostly do not contain elements that are above the maximum permitted concentrations for drinking water. However, the occurrence of the elements Fe Mn in some water samples and the presence of Al Pb in one sample, as well as Se, As, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Ga, and Bi, suggest the contact of water with sulfide mineralization detected in granite rocks of Rudna Glava-Tanda-Luka area, raising concerns about potential water quality issues.

高质量地下水库的减少引起了人们对硬岩含水层的极大兴趣，特别是在活跃的采矿和原材料勘探领域。本文旨在预测该地区可替代水资源的数量和质量，从而促进现有水资源系统的规划和设计。研究的重点是位于喀尔巴阡-巴尔干褶皱冲断带（Banat-Timok省/Banatitic带，塞尔维亚东部地区）一个活跃的采矿和勘探省内的地下室型替代火成岩含水层中的地下水。尽管它们的含水能力较低，但我们强调了天然水火成岩型含水层的重要水文地质潜力，如Variscan Gornjane地块。该研究首次确定了花岗岩地块上不同的水库，为区域水资源系统提供了新的视角。通过对储层的孔隙度类型、流量、储层深度（50 m深度范围内）和分布进行分类，显著增强了对新型水资源系统的预测，凸显了本研究在水资源与矿业领域的重要性。除了花岗岩的断裂部分外，在以风化和分解的花岗岩碎片为特征的地区形成了含水层，通常被称为草状矿床。草层的流速可达0.01 l/s。在水质方面，戈恩简花岗岩地块的地下水大多不含超过饮用水最大允许浓度的元素。然而，部分水样中存在Fe Mn元素，一个水样中存在Al Pb元素，以及Se、as、Cu、Zn、Ag、Cd、Ga和Bi元素，表明水与Rudna Glava-Tanda-Luka地区花岗岩中检测到的硫化物矿化有接触，引起了人们对水质潜在问题的担忧。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis and prediction of sea level rise along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts and its socio-economic impacts on the nearby inland areas 美国东部和墨西哥湾沿岸海平面上升的分析和预测及其对附近内陆地区的社会经济影响

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2024.100051

Sharmin Majumder , ANM Nafiz Abeer , Musfira Rahman , Md Abul Ehsan Bhuiyan

Floods are among the most frequent and devastating natural disasters, causing severe global economic damage, yet timely and accurate warnings of flash flood impacts on ungauged locations remain challenging. Sea level rise (SLR) is a substantial factor that contributes to flooding, particularly along the coastal regions of the United States. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of historical tide gauge records from 1900 to 2021 to investigate spatio-temporal dynamics of mean sea level (MSL) along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts and develops a forecasting model to predict future MSL using these dynamics. We employed empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) analysis and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) with time delay embedding to analyze and forecast MSL data. SLR dynamics and trend vary across different parts the U.S. coasts. Our proposed approach aids in identifying the regions most susceptible to SLR. To assess the socio-economic impact on the coastal regions due to SLR, we propose a framework that integrates the mean sea level data from tide-gauge stations with socio-economic variables of neighboring counties through interaction structure learning techniques. Furthermore, we empirically demonstrate the implications of our proposed framework in highlighting socio-economic factors affected by SLR. In conclusion, our predictive method elucidates the spatio-temporal dynamics of mean sea level, while our interaction learning framework reveals SLR’s impact on coastal socio-economic attributes.

洪水是最频繁和最具破坏性的自然灾害之一，造成严重的全球经济损失，但对未测量地区的山洪影响进行及时和准确的预警仍然具有挑战性。海平面上升（SLR）是导致洪水的一个重要因素，特别是在美国沿海地区。本文综合分析了1900年至2021年的历史验潮仪记录，探讨了美国东部和墨西哥湾沿岸平均海平面（MSL）的时空动态，并建立了利用这些动态预测未来MSL的预测模型。采用经验正交函数（EOF）分析和带时延嵌入的动态模态分解（DMD）对MSL数据进行分析和预测。美国沿海地区的单反动态和趋势各不相同。我们提出的方法有助于确定最易受单反影响的区域。为了评估SLR对沿海地区的社会经济影响，我们提出了一个框架，该框架通过交互结构学习技术将潮汐站的平均海平面数据与邻县的社会经济变量相结合。此外，我们通过实证证明了我们提出的框架在突出单反影响的社会经济因素方面的意义。综上所述，我们的预测方法阐明了平均海平面的时空动态，而我们的交互学习框架揭示了SLR对沿海社会经济属性的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Sedimentary mercury concentrations as a proxy for volcanic activity in the Maastrichtian tropical ocean 沉积汞浓度作为马斯特里赫特热带海洋火山活动的代表

Evolving Earth

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.eve.2025.100090

German D. Patarroyo , Karlos G.D. Kochhann , Laia Alegret , Marlone H.H. Bom , Andressa Esswein , Valeska Meirelles

In recent years, possible links between widespread volcanic activity and latest Cretaceous climatic shifts have become frequent research topics. However, tropical marine records of volcanic activity are still rare for that time interval. To explore the records of regional and distal (e.g., Deccan Traps) volcanism at Maastrichtian low-latitude marine sections, we assessed mercury (Hg) enrichments at: (1) shallow marine strata of the Colón Formation (core Diablito-1E, northern Colombia) and, (2) deep sea records from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 1258 (Demerara Rise, Tropical Atlantic Ocean) and 1001 (Nicaraguan Rise, Caribbean Sea).

At core Diablito-1E, we cannot exclusively link Hg concentrations, Hg/total organic carbon (TOC) and Hg/S increases to a single volcanic source (Deccan or regional volcanism), or even rule out depositional controlling factors. This is due to the poorly explored influence of northern South American volcanism during the Maastrichtian, and the shallow-water paleoenvironmental setting of the studied core. We also conducted bulk sediment stable carbon isotopes (δ¹³C) measurements, the first Maastrichtian δ¹³C record for this area, which indicated that the tropical sedimentary archive of core Diablito-1E has the potential to track disturbances in the global carbon cycle, such as the mid-Maastrichtian event (MME), and eventually refine the chronostratigraphic assignment of the intervals with Hg enrichments. Mercury concentrations at Sites 1258 and 1001 depicted the record of at least three possible volcanic episodes during the Maastrichtian, which could be associated with proximal and/or distal volcanic sources, such as the Caribbean Plate volcanic arc, or Deccan Traps pulses. The δ¹³C record at Site 1258 reveals the presence of a significant carbon cycle perturbation, likely the MME, whose onset is coeval to sedimentary Hg enrichments. However, considering the low TOC values (<0.2 in most of the samples) at both sites, an exclusively volcanic origin for Hg enrichments must be considered cautiously.

近年来，广泛的火山活动与白垩纪晚期气候变化之间的可能联系已成为频繁的研究课题。然而，热带海洋的火山活动记录在那个时间间隔内仍然很少见。为了探索马astrichtian低纬度海相剖面的区域性和远端（如德干圈层）火山活动记录，我们评估了：(1)Colón组浅海地层（哥伦比亚北部Diablito-1E核心）和(2)海洋钻探计划（ODP） 1258（热带大西洋Demerara隆起）和1001（加勒比海尼加拉瓜隆起）的深海记录。在Diablito-1E岩心，我们不能将Hg浓度、Hg/总有机碳（TOC）和Hg/S的增加与单一火山源（德干或区域火山作用）联系起来，甚至不能排除沉积控制因素。这是由于对马斯特里赫特时期南美北部火山活动的影响知之甚少，以及所研究岩心的浅水古环境背景。我们还进行了整体沉积物稳定碳同位素（δ13C）测量，这是该地区第一个马斯特里赫特的δ13C记录，表明Diablito-1E核心的热带沉积档案具有跟踪全球碳循环扰动（如中马斯特里赫特事件（MME））的潜力，并最终细化了汞富集区间的年代地层分配。1258和1001遗址的汞浓度记录了马斯特里希时期至少三次可能的火山事件，这可能与近端和/或远端火山源有关，如加勒比板块火山弧或德干圈闭脉冲。1258站点的δ13C记录显示存在显著的碳循环扰动，可能是MME，其开始与沉积汞富集同时发生。然而，考虑到两个地点的TOC值都很低（大多数样品的TOC值为<；0.2），必须谨慎考虑汞富集的完全火山来源。

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引用次数: 0