High-speed Railway最新文献_第2页

Modeling and performance analysis of GNSS-based train positioning system with colored petri nets 基于彩色petri网的gnss列车定位系统建模与性能分析

High-speed Railway

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hspr.2025.05.001

Shuting Chen , Daohua Wu , Jiang Liu , Siqi Wang

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based continuous and accurate train positioning is one of the key technologies for advanced train operations such as train virtual coupling. However, GNSS-based train positioning faces significant challenges in real-world scenarios due to environmental complexities and signal interferences. Considering this issue, this paper presents an approach for modeling and performance analysis of GNSS-based train positioning systems using Colored Petri Nets (CPNs). By systematically modeling the GNSS signal reception and processing process, the performance of the positioning system under various environment scenarios is evaluated. The system model integrates three types of interference signals (i.e., Amplitude Modulation (AM) signals, Frequency Modulation (FM) signals, and pulse signals) while incorporating environmental factors such as terrain obstructions and tunnel shielding. Additionally, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm is employed to process GNSS observation data, providing accurate train position estimations. The simulation results demonstrate that signal interferences and complex environmental conditions significantly affect the GNSS-based positioning accuracy. This study offers a comprehensive framework for evaluating the performance of GNSS-based train positioning systems in different scenarios, highlighting critical factors that influence positioning accuracy and stability.

基于全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）的列车连续精确定位是实现列车虚拟耦合等先进列车操作的关键技术之一。然而，由于环境复杂性和信号干扰，基于gnss的列车定位在现实场景中面临着重大挑战。针对这一问题，本文提出了一种基于彩色Petri网（CPNs）的gnss列车定位系统建模和性能分析方法。通过对GNSS信号接收和处理过程进行系统建模，评估了定位系统在各种环境场景下的性能。系统模型综合了调幅（AM）信号、调频（FM）信号和脉冲信号三种干扰信号，同时考虑了地形障碍物、隧道屏蔽等环境因素。此外，采用扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）算法对GNSS观测数据进行处理，提供准确的列车位置估计。仿真结果表明，信号干扰和复杂环境条件对gnss定位精度影响较大。本研究为评估基于gnss的列车定位系统在不同场景下的性能提供了一个综合框架，突出了影响定位精度和稳定性的关键因素。

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引用次数: 0

INS-aided GNSS jamming protection in support of resilient train positioning 支持弹性列车定位的ins辅助GNSS干扰保护

High-speed Railway

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hspr.2025.05.004

Zhuojian Cao , Jiang Liu , Wei Jiang , Baigen Cai

Railway safety and efficiency increasingly rely on precise train positioning. The integration of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) into railway control systems aims to reduce dependence on track-side infrastructure. While GNSS has significantly improved train localization, challenges such as the susceptibility to jamming remain. To address this, this paper introduces an Inertial Navigation System (INS)-aided train positioning system based on deep integration, exploring its performance through semi-physical experiments and simulations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed solution is able to reduce the positioning error by 63.47 %, and the velocity error by 58.47 % under jamming conditions. The study highlights the potential of deep integration for improving the resilience of GNSS-based train control systems, especially in the face of Radio Frequency (RF) jamming threats.

铁路的安全和效率越来越依赖于列车的精确定位。将全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）整合到铁路控制系统中，旨在减少对轨道侧基础设施的依赖。虽然GNSS显著改善了列车定位，但仍然存在诸如易受干扰等挑战。针对这一问题，本文介绍了一种基于深度集成的惯性导航辅助列车定位系统，并通过半物理实验和仿真对其性能进行了探讨。实验结果表明，在干扰条件下，该方案能将定位误差降低63.47 %，速度误差降低58.47 %。该研究强调了深度集成在提高基于gnss的列车控制系统弹性方面的潜力，特别是在面对射频（RF）干扰威胁时。

引用次数: 0

Effect of vehicle-bridge interaction on nonlinear seismic performance of bridge under strong earthquakes 强震作用下车桥相互作用对桥梁非线性抗震性能的影响

High-speed Railway

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hspr.2025.07.002

Ke Chen , Zhibin Jin , Haoyuan Yang

Railway bridges are continuously loaded by railway trains; therefore, it is important to understand the nonlinear seismic response of the Vehicle-Bridge Interaction (VBI) system under strong earthquakes. For this purpose, the nonlinear behavior of the pier was introduced into the in-house VBI solvers. The nonlinear the seismic response of the VBI system was comprehensively evaluated using this model, and the effect of the vehicle dynamics on seismic performance of the bridge was identified. It was found that the seismic responses of most simply-supported bridges were reduced in the presence of railway trains due to the out-of-phase motion of the vehicle-bridge system. Meanwhile, the nonlinear behavior of the pier can reduce the vehicle’s seismic responses. Therefore, ignoring the nonlinear behavior of the pier during strong earthquakes can significantly overestimate the seismic response of the vehicle.

铁路桥梁由铁路列车连续加载；因此，研究车桥相互作用（VBI）体系在强震作用下的非线性地震反应具有重要意义。为此，在内部VBI求解器中引入了桥墩的非线性特性。利用该模型综合评价了VBI系统的非线性地震响应，识别了车辆动力对桥梁抗震性能的影响。研究发现，在列车存在的情况下，由于车桥系统的非同相运动，大多数简支桥的地震反应减小。同时，桥墩的非线性特性可以减小车辆的地震响应。因此，忽略桥墩在强震作用下的非线性行为会大大高估车辆的地震响应。

引用次数: 0

Adapting railway sector to repel cyber threats: A critical analysis 调整铁路部门以抵御网络威胁：一项批判性分析

High-speed Railway

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hspr.2025.05.002

Wahiba Erriadi , Suresh Renukappa , Subashini Suresh , Panagiotis Georgakis , Adel Almohammad , Luke Seabright

Given the unique challenges facing the railway industry, cybersecurity is a crucial issue that must be addressed proactively. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of cybersecurity threats that could impact the safety and operations of rolling stock, the privacy and security of passengers and employees, and the public in general. The systematic literature review revealed that cyber threats to the railway industry can take many forms, including attacks on operational technology systems, data breaches, theft of sensitive information, and disruptions to train services. The consequences of these threats can be severe, leading to operational disruptions, financial losses, and loss of public trust in the railway system. To address these threats, railway organizations must adopt a proactive approach to security and implement robust cybersecurity measures tailored to the industry’s specific needs and challenges. This includes regular testing of systems for vulnerabilities, incident response plans, and employee training to identify and respond to cyber threats. Ensuring the system remains available, reliable, and maintainable is fundamental given the importance of railways as critical infrastructure and the potential harm that can be caused by cyber threats.

考虑到铁路行业面临的独特挑战，网络安全是一个必须积极解决的关键问题。本文旨在对网络安全威胁进行系统审查，这些威胁可能影响铁路车辆的安全和运营，乘客和员工的隐私和安全，以及一般公众。系统的文献综述显示，铁路行业面临的网络威胁可以采取多种形式，包括对运营技术系统的攻击、数据泄露、敏感信息的盗窃以及列车服务的中断。这些威胁的后果可能是严重的，导致运营中断、财务损失和公众对铁路系统的信任丧失。为了应对这些威胁，铁路组织必须采取积极主动的安全措施，并实施针对行业特定需求和挑战的强大网络安全措施。这包括定期测试系统漏洞、事件响应计划和员工培训，以识别和响应网络威胁。考虑到铁路作为关键基础设施的重要性以及网络威胁可能造成的潜在危害，确保系统保持可用、可靠和可维护是至关重要的。

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引用次数: 0

Revolutionizing railway systems: A systematic review of digital twin technologies 革命性的铁路系统：数字孪生技术的系统回顾

High-speed Railway

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hspr.2025.05.005

Emmanuel Anu Thompson , Pan Lu , Philip Kofi Alimo , Herman Benjamin Atuobi , Evans Tetteh Akoto , Cephas Kenneth Abbew

Digital Twin (DT) technology is revolutionizing the railway sector by providing a virtual replica of physical systems, enabling real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and enhanced decision-making. This systematic literature review examines the status, enabling technologies, case studies, and frameworks for DT applications in railway systems with 91 selected papers from Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE, and the Snowballing Technique. The review focuses on four primary subsystems: tracks, civil structures, vehicles, and overhead contact line structures. Key findings reveal that DT has successfully optimized maintenance strategies, improved operational efficiency, and enhanced system safety. Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, and cloud computing are critical in implementing DT models. However, challenges like data integration, high implementation costs, and cybersecurity risks remain, necessitating the discussed implications. Future research should focus on improving data interoperability, reducing costs through scalable cloud-based solutions, and addressing cybersecurity vulnerabilities. DT technology has the potential to revolutionize railway infrastructure management, ensuring greater efficiency, safety, and sustainability.

数字孪生（DT）技术通过提供物理系统的虚拟副本，实现实时监控、预测性维护和增强决策，正在彻底改变铁路部门。这篇系统的文献综述从Scopus、Web of Science、IEEE和滚雪球技术中挑选了91篇论文，研究了铁路系统中DT应用的现状、使能技术、案例研究和框架。审查侧重于四个主要子系统：轨道、土木结构、车辆和架空接触线结构。主要研究结果表明，DT已经成功地优化了维护策略，提高了操作效率，增强了系统安全性。物联网（IoT）设备、人工智能（AI）、机器学习和云计算对于实现DT模型至关重要。然而，数据集成、高实施成本和网络安全风险等挑战仍然存在，因此有必要讨论这些影响。未来的研究应侧重于提高数据互操作性，通过可扩展的基于云的解决方案降低成本，并解决网络安全漏洞。DT技术有可能彻底改变铁路基础设施管理，确保更高的效率、安全性和可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Design of self-diplexing and quadruplexing Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) antennas for C- and X-band high-speed wireless applications 用于C波段和x波段高速无线应用的自双工和四工基片集成波导（SIW）天线设计

High-speed Railway

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hspr.2025.07.001

Bhim Sain Singla , Ashish Kumar , Ahmed J.A. Al-Gburi

Compact antenna designs have become a critical component in the recent advancements of wireless communication technologies over the past few decades. This paper presents a self-multiplexing antenna based on diplexing and quadruplexing Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) cavities. The diplexing structure incorporates two V-shaped slots, while the quadruplexing structure advances this concept by combining the slots to form a cross-shaped configuration within the cavity. The widths and lengths of the slots are carefully tuned to achieve variations in the respective operating frequencies without affecting the others. The proposed diplexing antenna resonates at 8.48 and 9.2 GHz, with a frequency ratio of 1.08, while the quadruplexing antenna operates at 6.9, 7.1, 7.48, and 8.2 GHz. Both designs exhibit isolation levels well below –20 dB and achieve a simulated peak gain of 5.6 dBi at the highest frequency, with a compact cavity area of 0.56 λg². The proposed antennas operate within the NR bands (n12, n18, n26), making them suitable for modern high-speed wireless communication systems. Moreover, the properties like multiband operation, compactness, high isolation, low loss, and low interference make the antenna favorable for the high-speed railway communication systems.

在过去的几十年里，紧凑的天线设计已经成为无线通信技术进步的关键组成部分。提出了一种基于双工和四工基片集成波导（SIW）腔的自复用天线。双工结构包含两个v形槽，而四工结构通过组合槽在腔内形成十字形结构来推进这一概念。狭缝的宽度和长度经过精心调整，以实现各自工作频率的变化而不影响其他频率。双工天线谐振频率为8.48 GHz和9.2 GHz，频率比为1.08；四工天线谐振频率为6.9 GHz、7.1 GHz、7.48 GHz和8.2 GHz。两种设计均具有远低于-20 dB的隔离级，并在最高频率下实现5.6 dBi的模拟峰值增益，紧凑的腔面积为0.56 λg²。所提出的天线在NR频段（n12, n18, n26）内工作，使其适用于现代高速无线通信系统。此外，该天线具有多频段工作、结构紧凑、高隔离、低损耗、低干扰等特点，适用于高速铁路通信系统。

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引用次数: 0

Design and implementation of train-to-train wireless communication in virtual train coupling system 虚拟列车耦合系统中列车间无线通信的设计与实现

High-speed Railway

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hspr.2024.08.006

Weifeng Yang , Taifu Chen , Chen Han , Dong Feng , Jihui Zhou

This article discusses the detailed examination of the engineering design and implementation process for direct Train-to-Train (T2T) communication within a wireless train backbone network in the context of a virtual coupling scenario. The article proposed several critical aspects, including the optimization of transmission data requirements, which is essential to ensure that communication between trains is efficient and reliable. The design of the T2T wireless communication subsystem is discussed in detail, outlining the technical specifications, protocols, and technologies employed to facilitate wireless communication between multiple trains. Additionally, the article presents a thorough analysis of the data collected during real-world train experiments, highlighting the performance metrics and challenges encountered during testing. This empirical data not only validates the effectiveness of the proposed design but also serves as a crucial reference for future advancements in T2T wireless communication systems. By combining both theoretical principles and practical outcomes, the article offers insights that will aid engineers and researchers in developing robust and efficient wireless communication systems for next-generation train operations.

本文详细讨论了虚拟耦合场景下无线列车骨干网中直接列车对列车（T2T）通信的工程设计和实现过程。文章提出了几个关键方面，包括优化传输数据要求，这对于确保列车之间的通信高效可靠至关重要。详细讨论了T2T无线通信子系统的设计，概述了技术规范、协议和用于促进多列列车之间无线通信的技术。此外，本文还对真实世界的列车实验中收集的数据进行了全面的分析，强调了测试过程中遇到的性能指标和挑战。这些经验数据不仅验证了所提出设计的有效性，而且为未来T2T无线通信系统的发展提供了重要参考。通过结合理论原理和实际结果，本文提供的见解将有助于工程师和研究人员为下一代列车运营开发强大而高效的无线通信系统。

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引用次数: 0

Passenger choice between demand-responsive train and pre-scheduled train in high-speed railway: A stated preference study 高速铁路需求响应列车与预定列车的乘客选择：陈述偏好研究

High-speed Railway

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hspr.2025.04.002

Tao Li , Dewei Li , Yongsheng Wang , Han Gao , Jialun Ma , Haotian Ji

Demand-responsive transportation has been introduced in many cities around the world. However, whether it is applicable in the railway is still questionable, an exploration of passenger choice behavior between demand-responsive trains and pre-scheduled trains is pivotal in addressing this issue. To delve into passengers’ choice preferences when facing demand-responsive trains and to dissect the feasibility of implementing demand-responsive service in high-speed railways, the stated preference survey method is employed to investigate travel intention of passengers. Based on the survey data obtained in China, the heterogeneity of passengers is analyzed from three aspects: personal socio-economic characteristics, travel characteristics, and travel mode choice. Considering the situation that demand-responsive train cannot operate, the risk attributes are considered. To bolster the appeal of demand-responsive trains, personalized service product attributes are added. Mixed Logit mode, which takes into account the heterogeneous travel choice behavior of passengers, is developed, and Maximum Likelihood Estimation and the Monte Carlo method are used to calibrate model parameters. The willingness to pay in terms of different factors of passengers is determined. The results indicate that early arrival deviation time, late arrival deviation time, demand response time, and success rate of ticket purchase remarkable influence passengers’ decision regarding demand-responsive train, with only the success rate of ticket purchase positively impacting train choice. Moreover, the significant difference in train ticket price is observed solely in the self-funded long distance scenario, while demand-responsive trains are found to be particularly appealing in self-funded short distance scenario. Through the Willingness To Pay (WTP) analysis, it is discovered that by shortening demand response time, enhancing the success rate of ticket purchase, and minimizing the deviation times of early arrival and late arrival of trains, the attractiveness of the demand-responsive train to passengers under three travel scenarios can be augmented. This study provides profound insights into the possibility of railway enterprises operating demand-responsive trains.

世界上许多城市都引入了需求响应型交通。然而，它是否适用于铁路仍然存在疑问，探索乘客在需求响应列车和预定列车之间的选择行为是解决这一问题的关键。为了探究乘客面对需求响应型列车时的选择偏好，剖析高速铁路实施需求响应型服务的可行性，采用陈述偏好调查法对乘客出行意愿进行调查。基于在中国获得的调查数据，从个人社会经济特征、出行特征和出行方式选择三个方面分析了乘客的异质性。考虑需求响应型列车无法运行的情况，考虑了风险属性。为了增强需求响应型列车的吸引力，增加了个性化的服务产品属性。建立了考虑乘客异质出行选择行为的混合Logit模型，并采用极大似然估计和蒙特卡罗方法对模型参数进行了标定。根据不同因素确定乘客的支付意愿。结果表明：早到偏差时间、晚到偏差时间、需求响应时间和购票成功率显著影响乘客对需求响应型列车的决策，只有购票成功率正向影响列车选择。此外，火车票价格的显著差异仅在自筹资金的长途情景中观察到，而需求响应型列车在自筹资金的短途情景中特别具有吸引力。通过支付意愿（WTP）分析发现，通过缩短需求响应时间、提高购票成功率、最小化列车早到站和晚到站偏离次数，可以增强三种出行场景下需求响应型列车对乘客的吸引力。本研究对铁路企业运营需求响应型列车的可能性提供了深刻的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Shrinking India: Visualizing time-space implication of introduction of semi-high-speed trains in India 缩小的印度：想象在印度引入半高速列车的时空影响

High-speed Railway

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hspr.2024.12.002

Vimal Kumar Arulmozhi, Shreyas P. Bharule

Indian Railways have been the largest people moving transport infrastructure in India. Over the years the systems and trains have been upgraded resulting in both better passenger amenities and reduction in travel time. The newest addition is the Vande Bharat Express, a semi-high-speed train that was introduced in India in 2019. The train currently runs between 10 routes and has brought significant changes to India’s railway network. This article explores the introduction of Vande Bharat Express trains in India and its effects on the country’s inter-station time-space shrinkage using cartographic techniques. The cartographic techniques like stepwise multi-dimensional scaling and interpolation using the distance cartogram plugin in QGIS are mainly used for generating the time-space maps for various speeds. The limitations of these techniques and the methods to overcome those limitations are also explored in this article.

印度铁路一直是印度最大的人口运输基础设施。多年来，系统和列车不断升级，为乘客提供了更好的便利，缩短了旅行时间。最新增加的是2019年在印度推出的半高速列车Vande Bharat Express。这列火车目前在10条线路上运行，给印度的铁路网带来了重大变化。本文利用制图技术探讨了印度Vande Bharat特快列车的引入及其对该国车站间时空收缩的影响。主要利用QGIS中距离图插件的分步多维比例尺和插值等制图技术生成不同速度的时空图。本文还探讨了这些技术的局限性以及克服这些局限性的方法。

引用次数: 0

SPR: Malicious traffic detection model for CTCS-3 in railways SPR：铁路CTCS-3恶意流量检测模型

High-speed Railway

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hspr.2025.04.001

Siyang Zhou , Wenjiang Ji , Xinhong Hei , Zhongwei Chang , Yuan Qiu , Lei Zhu , Xin Wang

The increasingly complex and interconnected train control information network is vulnerable to a variety of malicious traffic attacks, and the existing malicious traffic detection methods mainly rely on machine learning, such as poor robustness, weak generalization, and a lack of ability to learn common features. Therefore, this paper proposes a malicious traffic identification method based on stacked sparse denoising autoencoders combined with a regularized extreme learning machine through particle swarm optimization. Firstly, the simulation environment of the Chinese train control system-3, was constructed for data acquisition. Then Pearson coefficient and other methods are used for pre-processing, then a stacked sparse denoising autoencoder is used to achieve nonlinear dimensionality reduction of features, and finally regularization extreme learning machine optimized by particle swarm optimization is used to achieve classification. Experimental data show that the proposed method has good training performance, with an average accuracy of 97.57 % and a false negative rate of 2.43 %, which is better than other alternative methods. In addition, ablation experiments were performed to evaluate the contribution of each component, and the results showed that the combination of methods was superior to individual methods. To further evaluate the generalization ability of the model in different scenarios, publicly available data sets of industrial control system networks were used. The results show that the model has robust detection capability in various types of network attacks.

日益复杂、互联的列车控制信息网络容易受到各种恶意流量攻击，而现有的恶意流量检测方法主要依靠机器学习，鲁棒性差、泛化能力弱，缺乏学习共同特征的能力。因此，本文通过粒子群优化，提出了一种基于堆叠稀疏去噪自编码器与正则化极限学习机相结合的恶意流量识别方法。首先，构建了中国列控系统3的仿真环境，用于数据采集。然后使用Pearson系数等方法进行预处理，然后使用堆叠稀疏去噪自编码器实现特征的非线性降维，最后使用粒子群优化的正则化极限学习机实现分类。实验数据表明，该方法具有良好的训练性能，平均准确率为97.57 %，假阴性率为2.43 %，优于其他替代方法。此外，通过烧蚀实验对各组分的贡献进行了评价，结果表明组合方法优于单个方法。为了进一步评估模型在不同场景下的泛化能力，使用了公开的工业控制系统网络数据集。结果表明，该模型对各种类型的网络攻击具有较强的检测能力。

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引用次数: 0