Interdisciplinary Materials最新文献

Functionalities of materials tightly relate to the atomic and electronic structures, the coupling between which through lattice and charge gives birth to thermoelectricity, enabling a direct heat-electricity conversion. Booming wearable electronics nowadays urgently demand thermoelectric film generators as self-powered units using body and environment heats, of which highly recoverable deformability and power are the core challenges. This indicates the great importance of elasticity since a plastic deformation otherwise actuates lattice slips to unsecure both thermoelectricity and recoverability. It is illustrated in this work texturization and dislocations for enhancing elasticity in cold-rolled constantan foils, a metal thermoelectric enabling one of the highest power outputs near room temperature for deformable wearables. The device can work in a purely elastic region, to secure orders of magnitude improvement in recoverable bendability with an extraordinary specific power density, at a bending radius down to 5 mm fitting the curvature of an adult's little finger. This work delivers a strategy for bringing robust deformability to thermoelectricity for powering wearable electronics.

Advanced nanofibrous materials with excellent performance and functional integration is highly desired for developing emerging wearable electronics. In this work, carbon quantum dots/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (CDs/PVDF) based composite nanofibrous material is proposed and acts as a highly negative material to boost output performance for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The nanometer-sized and surface-functionalized CDs acting as nucleating inducers facilitate the polarized β-phase transition of PVDF polymer. The more negative surface charge density of CDs/PVDF nanofibrous membrane is generated through the polarized β-phase PVDF, thereby leading to a larger electrostatic potential difference to enhance charge transfer. Besides the decreased beaded defects, more uniform morphology fibers are yielded to improve the effective contact surface area. Moreover, the CDs/PVDF composite nanofibers demonstrate the unique multicolor fluorescence effect enabling promising applications in visualized displays and sensing. Finally, the fabricated TENG features a short-circuit current density of ~61.8 mA/m² and a maximum peak power density of ~11.7 W/m², exceeding that of most state-of-the-art nanofiber-based TENG reported to date. As a demonstration of application potential, this TENG shows the energy-harvesting ability to charge capacitors and light up 125 green LEDs and self-powered sensing capability for human motion monitoring. This work provides insights for exploiting novel tribomaterials for high-output TENGs with promising potential in biomechanical energy harvesting, self-powered sensing, and so forth.

Regulated cell death (RCD) is considered a vital process in cancer therapy, determining treatment outcomes and facilitating the eradication of cancer cells. As an emerging type of RCD, PANoptosis features excellent antineoplastic effects due to its combination of death modes, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. In this work, anion-cation vacancies (oxygen/titanium-vacancy-rich) ultrathin HTiO nanosheets with outstanding sonocatalytic performance and peroxidase-mimicking activity are rationally engineered for the disruption of mitochondrial function in tumor cells and the destabilization of redox homeostasis, ultimately inducing tumor PANoptosis. The utilization of external ultrasound energy amplifies the production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Density functional theory calculations indicate that the oxygen and titanium vacancies generated in HTiO nanosheets enhance the ROS generation efficiency by promoting carrier separation and increasing the adsorption capacity of H₂O₂. The advantages of triggering PANoptosis are substantially evidenced by exceptional antineoplastic efficacy both at the cellular level and on two in vivo separate tumor xenografts (4T1 and MDA-MB-231 breast tumors). This work highlights a distinct type of titanium-based nanostructure with a multimodal synergistic integration of sonocatalytic and enzymatic therapies, offering an alternative but highly efficient strategy for fabricating vacancy-engineered sonocatalytic biomaterials with optimized therapeutic performance in tumor treatment.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides, known as MXenes, have been widely studied at the frontier of 2D materials. The excellent mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, excellent photoelectrical performance, and good thermal stability of MXenes enable wide applications in many fields, including but not limited to energy storage, supercapacitors, EMI shielding, catalysis, optoelectronics, and sensors. In particular, MXene-based materials exhibit exceptional sensing performance due to their unique tunable surface chemistry, 2D architecture, and exotic electrical/mechanical/electromechanical properties, which are rarely found in other materials. This paper discusses the MXene sensing properties and their mechanisms in different types of sensors, including piezoresistive sensors, flexible sensors, gas sensors, and biosensors. The unique roles of these MXene-based sensors toward the future of smart living are also outlined. This article may shed light on the rational design of MXene-based sensors and provide valuable references for corresponding scenario applications.

High-strength fibers have attracted intensive attention owing to their promising applications in various fields. However, the continuous fabrication of polyelectrolyte fibers with ultra-strong mechanical properties remains a great challenge. Herein, we present a scalable microgroove-based continuous-spinning strategy of polyelectrolyte nanocomposite fibers. The shear flow induced the unraveling and aligning of the irregularly coiled polymer chains, which allowed the polyelectrolyte chains to fully contact each other after coalescing and enhanced the interaction between them. Nanocomposite fibers were prepared by adding two-dimensional nanofillers into the negatively charged reaction solution. The nanocomposite fibers with aligned polymers and nanosheets exhibit excellent mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of up to 1783.8 ± 47.1 MPa and a modulus as high as 183.5 ± 4.6 GPa. Quantitative analysis indicates that the shear flow induced orientation of polymer chains and the well aligned nanosheets, as well as the strong interactions of polymer matrix form a dense and ordered structure, all these results in the observed mechanical properties. Moreover, we believe that our strategy could be extended to a variety of other polyelectrolytes and lead to the development of high-performance fibers.

For a clean and sustainable society, there is an urgent demand for renewable energy with net-zero emissions due to fossil fuels limited resources and irreversible environmental impact. Hydrogen has the unrivaled potential to replace fossil fuels due to its high gravimetric energy density, abundant sources (H₂O), and environmental friendliness. However, its low volumetric energy density causes significant challenges, inspiring major efforts to develop chemical-based storage alternatives. Solid-state hydrogen storage in materials has substantial potential for fulfilling the practical requirements and is recognized as a potential candidate due to their properties tuning more independently. However, hydrogen's stable thermodynamics and sluggish kinetics are the bottleneck to its widespread applications. To explore the kinetic and thermodynamic barriers in the fundamentals of hydrogen storage materials, this review will provide promising information for researchers to gain detailed knowledge about hydrogen storage energy applications and find new routes for materials engineering with tuned properties. This will further attract a wider scientific community and intend to understand the innovative concepts and strategies developed and to employ them in tailoring hydrogen storage materials' kinetic and thermodynamic properties. Recent advances in nanostructuring, nanoconfinement with in situ catalysts, and host/guest stress/strain engineering have the potential to propel the prospects of tailoring the hydrogen storage materials properties at the nanoscale with several promising directions and strategies that could lead to the next generation of solid-state hydrogen storage practical applications.

Outside Back Cover: The cover of doi:10.1002/idm2.12216 artistically captures the global rise of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in hydrogen storage technology through a striking composition where Earth seamlessly transforms into a multi-element HEA structure, symbolizing how this revolutionary material system is rapidly sweeping across the world. The dynamic transition from Earth's surface to the colorful atomic arrangement of HEAs, decorated with hydrogen molecules (blue spheres), represents the accelerating worldwide adoption and research of HEA-based hydrogen storage solutions. This comprehensive review examines how HEAs are transforming the landscape of solid-state hydrogen storage technology, pointing toward a sustainable energy future.

Inside Front Cover: In the review of doi:10.1002/idm2.12214, the chemical strategies to improve the safety of organic/polymeric conjugated materials in biomedical applications are summarized and discussed. As depicted in the image, the precise designed materials would become metabolizable, or degradable by either endogenous reactive oxygen species or external stimuli, and subsequently excreted through liver or kidney. After disease diagnosis or treatment, such materials could be rapidly inactivated and subsequently excreted from the body, exhibiting high biological safety due to its efficient elimination, which highlight their scientific significance with biomedical and even clinical application values.

Outside Front Cover: The study reported in doi:10.1002/idm2.12226 presents a highperformance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) featuring a double-spiral zigzag-origami structure. This image illustrates that the TENG system efficiently harvests energy from ocean waves by converting low-frequency wave vibrations into electricity. Equipped with a powermanaged circuit, this TENG effectively powers a wireless water quality sensor and transmits data without the need for an external power source. These findings advance the development of sustainable, renewable energy technologies for oceanic applications, offering new avenues for the design of innovative materials and structures in energy harvesting.

Inside Back Cover: The cover image of doi:10.1002/idm2.12222 presents an engineered FeF₂ electrode through the optimization of electrode materials and a sodium alginate binder relying on robust interactions. This engineering results in an optimized electrode architecture that exhibits resistance to the dissolution of transition metal ions, thus enhancing the cycling stability of conversion-type electrode materials.