Interdisciplinary Materials最新文献

Three-photon fluorescence (3PF) imaging is an emerging technology for imaging deep-tissue submicroscopic structures by nonlinearly redshifting the excitation wavelength to the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window; thus, this approach has great advantages, including deep penetration depth, good spatial resolution, low background, and a high signal-to-noise ratio. 3PF imaging has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for noninvasively visualizing all kinds of deep tissues in recent years. Benefiting from excellent biosecurity and structural controllability, the development of organic 3PF probes is highly important for advancing 3PF imaging in vivo. However, there is no summary of the generalizability of the design and recent progress in organic 3PF probes. Herein, this review introduces the fundamental principle of 3PF imaging and highlights the advantages of 3PF bioimaging. The molecular design of these organic 3PF probes is also summarized based on relative optical indices. Furthermore, different 3PF imaging application scenarios are listed in detail. In the end, the main challenges, significance of probe exploitation, and prospective orientation of organic probes for precise 3PF imaging are proposed and discussed for promoting future applications and clinical translation.

The poor electronic conductivity of conversion-type materials (CMs) and the dissolution/diffusion loss of transition metal (TM) ions in electrodes seriously hinder the practical applications of potassium ion batteries. Simply optimizing the electrode materials or designing the electrode components is no longer effective in improving the performance of CMs. Binders, as one of the electrode components, play a vital role in improving the electrochemical performance of batteries. Here we rationally designed FeF₂ electrodes for the first time by optimizing electrode materials with the introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and combined with a sodium alginate (SA) binder based on strong interactions. We show that the FeF₂@CNTs-SA cathode does not suffer from TM ion dissolution and delivers a high capacity of 184.7 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 mA g⁻¹. Moreover, the capacity of FeF₂@CNTs-SA is as high as 99.2 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at 100 mA g⁻¹, which is a twofold increase compared to FeF₂@CNTs-PVDF. After calculating the average capacity decay rate per cycle of them, we find that FeF₂@CNTs-SA is about one-third lower than FeF₂@CNTs-PVDF. Therefore, the SA binder can be broadly used for electrodes comprising several CMs, providing meaningful insights into mechanisms that lead to their improved electrochemical performances.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in chronic skin wounds impedes the healing process, thus it is necessary to eliminate the ROS from the vicinity of the wound in time. Ascorbyl palmitate (AP) is a potent antioxidant that suffers from solubility constraints, which largely limits its application. This study aims to improve AP's solubility by encapsulating it within 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to acquire AP/CD inclusion complex (IC). This advancement facilitates the development of antioxidant and antibacterial nanofibrous membranes via electrospinning, utilizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and quaternary ammonium chitosan (QCS). The developed PVA/QCS combined with AP/CD-IC (PVA/QCS-IC) nanofibers increase the release of AP, boasting good antioxidant property. In comparison to the PVA/QCS combined with AP counterparts (PVA/QCS-AP), where AP is not encapsulated in HP-β-CD, the PVA/QCS-IC nanofibers provide notable protection against oxidative stress in human skin fibroblasts and increased Col-I expression levels. Additionally, the PVA/QCS-IC nanofibers are able to suppress the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the PVA/QCS-IC nanofibers could effectively promote diabetic wound healing, facilitate collagen deposition, and reduce skin inflammation response when applied as a wound dressing in diabetic mice. The results suggest that the PVA/QCS-IC nanofibers represent a promising solution for both enhancing AP solubility and its therapeutic potential, positioning them as potential candidates for diabetic wound care applications.

Organic/polymeric conjugated materials are playing an increasingly important role in biomedical field. Their special properties such as fluorescence, photosensitization, and photothermal conversion make them promising candidates for disease diagnosis and phototherapy. However, these conjugated materials are usually extremely hydrophobic, so they tend to take a relatively long time to be excreted or metabolized after theranostics, leading to unpredictable side effects, which has made their clinical implementation a daunting task. In this review, we will focus on the safety of organic/polymeric conjugated materials for biomedical applications and discuss in detail the general strategies to improve their metabolism or degradability by rational molecular design, based on representative examples. Finally, the challenges and opportunities are also presented by considering further perspectives.

Inside Front Cover: Cancer has long been considered as a serious threat to global public health. In the review of doi:10.1002/idm2.12199, the application of atypical artificial cells in anticancer area is summarized. As depicted in the image, this novel material represents a significant stride towards cancer therapy, inspiring the development of next-generation anticancer strategies.

Outside Back Cover: The cover image of doi:10.1002/idm2.12181 shows a magnified view of an osteochondral defect in the left femur with an implanted 3D-bioprinted biphasic scaffold. The scaffold consists of a cartilage layer (blue) and a subchondral bone layer (purple), created using multicellular bioprinting technology. In the cartilage layer, GelMA loaded with articular chondrocytes (ACs, yellow) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs, red) interacts to maintain the phenotype of ACs and promote BMSC chondrogenesis. In the subchondral bone layer, GelMA/Sr-CSH (yellow fibers) with BMSCs releases bioactive ions (Ca, Si, Sr) that enhance BMSC osteogenesis and stimulate ACs. GelMA supports osteochondral interface reconstruction.

Inside Back Cover: In a study reported at doi:10.1002/idm2.12198, a novel flexible, conductive, and self-adhesive dry electrode was designed that can steadily collect bioelectrical signals from the human brain, heart, and muscles during sustained exercise. Even under stretched and deformed conditions, the electrode maintains good conductivity, as evidenced by the sustained brightness of a connected light bulb. This innovation opens up new possibilities for long-term medical monitoring in complex daily environments and will pave the way for the further development of wearable medical devices and remote health monitoring.

Outside Front Cover: The cover image of doi:10.1002/idm2.12194 showcases a piezoelectric elastomer material based on barium titanate (BaTiO₃), which is capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) under mechanical pressure. This innovative material holds the potential for antimicrobial applications in the human body, particularly in load-bearing areas such as the soles of the feet, oral cavity, bones, and joints. The visual representation captures the essence of the material's ability to harness the piezoelectric effect to combat infections, highlighting its promising future in the field of antimicrobial materials.

Exploiting high-capacity cathode materials with superior reliability is vital to advancing the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Layered oxides, known for their eco-friendliness, adaptability, commercial viability, and significant recent advancements, are prominent cathode materials. However, electrochemical cycling over an extended period can trigger capacity fade, voltage hysteresis, structural instability, and adverse interface reactions which shorten the battery life and cause safety issues. Thus, it is essential to require an in-depth understanding of degradation mechanisms of layered oxides. In this review, the crystal and electronic structures of layered oxides are revisited first, and a renewed understanding is also presented. Three critical degradation mechanisms are highlighted and deeply discussed for layered oxides, namely Jahn–Teller effect, phase transition, and surface decomposition, which are directly responsible for the inferior electrochemical performances. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of recently reported modification strategies related to degradation mechanisms are proposed. Additionally, this review discusses challenges in practical application, primarily from a degradation mechanism standpoint. Finally, it outlines future research directions, offering perspectives to further develop superior layered cathode materials for SIBs, driving the industrialization of SIBs.

Compositions and morphologies of Pt-based electrocatalysts have great impact on the electrocatalytic activity and stability of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we report a novel design of one-dimensional (1D) Pt–Pd dendritic nanotubular heterostructures (DTHs) by controlling the degree of Pt²⁺-Pt reduction reaction and Pd-Pt galvanic replacement reaction with uniform Pd nanowires as sacrificial templates. The obtained Pt–Pd bimetallic DTHs catalyst exhibited uniform and dense Pt dendritic nanobranches on the surface of 1D hollow Pt–Pd alloy nanotubes, possessing superior catalytic activity for ORR compared to state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C catalysts. Typically, the Pt₄Pd DTHs catalyst showed efficient mass activity (MA, 1.05 A mg_Pt⁻¹) and specific activity (SA, 1.25 mA cm_Pt⁻²) at 0.9 V (vs. RHE), and the catalyst exhibited high stability with 90.4% MA retention after 20 000 potential cycles. The Pt–Pd bimetallic DTHs configuration combines the advantages of 1D hollow nanostructures and dense Pt dendritic nanobranches, which results in rich electrochemical active surface sites, fast charge transport, and multiple dendritic anchoring points contact on carbon support, thus boosting its catalytic activity and stability towards electrocatalysis.