Objective
The unfavorable costs and effects of currently accessible antidepressant agents necessitate the development of more potent and safe alternatives, that will obviate the potential problems associated with the commercially available marketed ones. Phyllanthus emblica, widely known as emblic or amla, is utilized in traditional Asian medicine. In this study, the potential of Phyllanthus emblica's extract as an antidepressant drug was investigated.
Methods
The dried and pulverized powder of fruit was extracted in 70% ethanol. Rat model was used to assess the antidepressant effect of this extract and rats were treated with 800 mg/kg extract for 28 days. To assess the impact of the treatment, different behavioural tests like forced swimming test, tail suspension test, open field test, elevated plus maze, light dark box test, and coat state test were conducted.
Results
Following the administration of Phyllanthus emblica's extract, a significant decrease in immobility times was observed in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test (P < 0.05). Similarly, the intake of glucose water was increased significantly (P < 0.05) after Phyllanthus emblica's extract treatment. Additionally, in all behavioural tests associated with the open field test, elevated plus maze, and light dark box test, abnormal behavioural states were significantly restored (P < 0.05) in the extract-treated group. Besides, in all behavioural tests, it has been observed that the standard drug also restored all the abnormal behavioural conditions. In silico docking revealed that compounds C_66 (stigmast-4-en-3-one) and C_43 (7-ketositosterol) exhibited the strongest binding affinity for MAO-A (−11.8 and −11.7 kJ/mol), surpassing the control drug Phenelzine (−6.7 kJ/mol), with distinct binding site residues. For hSERT, C_71 (Phyllanemblinin A, −11.4 kJ/mol) and C_66 (−10.8 kJ/mol) outperformed Fluoxetine (−8.9 kJ/mol), with Stigmast-4-en-3-one showing potential multi-target activity. ADME and toxicity prediction indicated low GI absorption for all candidates; C_43 showed the best drug-likeness and was predicted as non-toxic (class 6), while C_66 and C_71 were class 5, with additional nephrotoxicity and mutagenicity for C_71.
Conclusion
It can be inferred that the fruit extract of Phyllanthus emblica can efficiently reverse the disturbing psychological ailment towards a healthy status, which has the potential to be further developed into an alternative of currently accessible marketed antidepressant agents.
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