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Automated membrane characterization: In-situ monitoring of the permeate and retentate solutions using a 3D printed permeate probe device 自动化膜表征:使用 3D 打印渗透探针装置现场监测渗透液和回流液
IF 4.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100087
Self-driving laboratories and automated experiments can accelerate the design workflow and decrease errors associated with experiments that characterize membrane transport properties. Within this study, we use 3D printing to design a custom stirred cell that incorporates inline conductivity probes in the retentate and permeate streams. The probes provide a complete trajectory of the salt concentrations as they evolve over the course of an experiment. Here, automated diafiltration experiments are used to characterize the performance of commercial NF90 and NF270 polyamide membranes over a predetermined range of KCl concentrations from 1 to 100 mM. The measurements obtained by the inline conductivity probes are validated using offline post-experiment analyses. Compared to traditional filtration experiments, the probes decrease the amount of time required for an experimentalist to characterize membrane materials by more than 50× and increase the amount of information generated by 100×. Device design principles to address the physical constraints associated with making conductivity measurements in confined volumes are proposed. Overall, the device developed within this study provides a foundation to establish high-throughput, automated membrane characterization techniques.
自动驾驶实验室和自动化实验可以加快设计工作流程,减少与表征膜传输特性的实验相关的误差。在这项研究中,我们使用 3D 打印技术设计了一个定制的搅拌池,在回流液和渗透液中加入了在线电导探针。探针可提供盐浓度在实验过程中演变的完整轨迹。在这里,自动重滤实验用于鉴定商用 NF90 和 NF270 聚酰胺膜在 1 至 100 mM 氯化钾浓度预定范围内的性能。在线电导探头获得的测量结果通过离线实验后分析进行验证。与传统的过滤实验相比,该探头使实验人员表征膜材料所需的时间减少了 50 倍以上,所产生的信息量增加了 100 倍。针对在密闭体积内进行电导率测量的相关物理限制,提出了设备设计原则。总之,本研究开发的设备为建立高通量、自动化的膜表征技术奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced phosphate anion flux through single-ion, reverse-selective mixed-matrix cation exchange membrane 通过单离子反向选择混合基质阳离子交换膜提高磷酸盐阴离子通量
IF 4.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100086
Phosphate recovery from wastewater is vital for both environmental sustainability and resource conservation, offering the dual benefit of reducing phosphate pollution while providing a valuable source of this essential nutrient. We previously reported an approach for synthesizing hydrous manganese oxide (HMO) nanoparticles within a polymeric cation-exchange membrane (CEM) to achieve a phosphate-selective mixed-matrix membrane (PhSMMM); however, the phosphate flux was lower than desired. Herein, we demonstrate a next-generation PhSMMM membrane with enhanced phosphate flux and selectivity. Experimental results confirm the successful incorporation of up to 28 wt% HMO nanoparticles into the polymeric CEM. The new PhSMMM exhibits a phosphate flux of 1.57 mmol∙m–2.hr–1 (an 8.5X enhancement), with selectivity over chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions of 9, 11, and 104, respectively. This significant enhancement in phosphate flux marks a promising advancement in a sustainable solution for phosphate removal and recovery from wastewater.
从废水中回收磷酸盐对环境的可持续发展和资源保护都至关重要,既能减少磷酸盐污染,又能提供这种重要营养物质的宝贵来源,一举两得。我们曾报道过一种在聚合物阳离子交换膜(CEM)中合成氧化锰(HMO)纳米颗粒的方法,以实现磷酸盐选择性混合基质膜(PHSMMM);然而,磷酸盐通量低于预期。在此,我们展示了具有更高磷酸盐通量和选择性的新一代 PhSMMM 膜。实验结果证实,在聚合物 CEM 中成功加入了高达 28 wt% 的 HMO 纳米颗粒。新型 PhSMMM 的磷酸盐通量为 1.57 mmol∙m-2.hr-1 (提高了 8.5 倍),对氯离子、硝酸根离子和硫酸根离子的选择性分别为 9、11 和 104。磷酸盐通量的显著提高标志着在从废水中去除和回收磷酸盐的可持续解决方案方面取得了可喜的进展。
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引用次数: 0
Thermodynamic efficiency of membrane separation of dilute gas: Estimation for CO2 direct air capture application 稀释气体膜分离的热力学效率:二氧化碳直接空气捕获应用估算
IF 4.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100085
Gas separation technology is crucial for addressing environmental issues like CO2 capture to mitigate climate change. While membrane separation is often cited for its efficiency, accurate estimations are scarce. We present estimations based on classical thermodynamics for very lean CO2 composition (400 ppm), revealing rich details in simple systems and deriving guiding principles. Our main conclusion emphasizes the critical necessity of a high membrane separation ratio, and we discuss candidates for achieving this goal.
气体分离技术对于解决二氧化碳捕集等环境问题以缓解气候变化至关重要。虽然膜分离的效率经常被提及,但准确的估算却很少。我们以经典热力学为基础,对非常贫乏的二氧化碳成分(400 ppm)进行了估算,揭示了简单系统中的丰富细节,并得出了指导原则。我们的主要结论强调了高膜分离率的关键必要性,并讨论了实现这一目标的候选方案。
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引用次数: 0
The solution-diffusion model: “Rumors of my death have been exaggerated” 溶液扩散模型"我的死讯被夸大了"
IF 4.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100084

The solution-diffusion (SD) model has been instrumental in the advancement of membrane science, due to its simplicity, transparency, and utility in process engineering. However, some doubts have recently been raised, concerning the fundamental validity of SD. These have largely been based on apparent discrepancies between molecular dynamics simulations and several features, deemed inherent to SD, that appeared in early reports — namely, the exact nature of the pressure and concentration distributions within the membrane. Herein, we re-visit the underlying physics of SD in the context of composite membranes, making no a-priori assumptions and, particularly, highlighting the role of polymer thermodynamics and the mechanics of a loaded, swollen film, supported by a porous substrate. The analysis provides a coherent view, linking the solvent concentration profile within the film and the resultant flux-pressure relations with the polymer rigidity and, importantly, the way in which the film is supported. It is shown that, although the flux may generally vary non-linearly with the feed pressure and depend on the film-support geometry, for rigid films – most common in real operations – SD predicts a linear behavior, virtually independent of specific geometry and pressure distribution. Moving forward, we stress the importance and need for further refinements of the SD model, driven by insight from molecular dynamics, thermodynamics and mechanics, while maintaining its applicability to process design.

溶液扩散(SD)模型因其简单、透明和在工艺工程中的实用性,在膜科学的发展中起到了重要作用。然而,最近有人对 SD 的基本有效性提出了质疑。这些怀疑主要是基于分子动力学模拟与早期报告中出现的被认为是 SD 固有的几个特征之间的明显差异,即膜内压力和浓度分布的确切性质。在此,我们以复合膜为背景,重新探讨了 SD 的基本物理原理,不做任何先验假设,特别强调了聚合物热力学和由多孔基底支撑的负载膨胀膜力学的作用。分析提供了一个连贯的视角,将薄膜内的溶剂浓度分布和由此产生的流量-压力关系与聚合物的刚性,以及重要的薄膜支撑方式联系起来。分析表明,虽然通量通常会随进料压力非线性变化,并取决于薄膜支撑的几何形状,但对于刚性薄膜(在实际操作中最为常见),SD 预测的是线性行为,几乎与具体的几何形状和压力分布无关。展望未来,我们强调进一步完善 SD 模型的重要性和必要性,这需要从分子动力学、热力学和机械学的角度进行深入研究,同时保持其对工艺设计的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Incorporation of polyzwitterions in superabsorbent network membranes for enhanced saltwater absorption and retention 在超吸水网络膜中加入多聚维他命,增强盐水吸收和滞留能力
IF 4.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100083

Background

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) have a remarkable ability to absorb significant quantities of water. However, their absorption capacity is significantly reduced when exposed to saline solutions, such as urine, due to the polyelectrolyte effect and charge screening.

Methods

In this study, we demonstrate a zwitterionic superabsorbent polymer (ZSAP) with excellent salt-water absorption and retention capacities. ZSAP was synthesized by grafting a copolymer of p(sulfobetaine methacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (p(SBMA-co-HEMA)) onto an acrylic acid (AA)-based hydrogel via free-radical polymerization. The introduction of zwitterionic SBMA significantly enhances the hydrophilicity of the polymer, particularly in a saline solution due to the anti-polyelectrolyte effect, thereby accelerating the rate of salt absorption. Additionally, the hydroxyl groups from HEMA facilitate the formation of covalent bonds with the AA network membrane through esterification, effectively mitigating polymer leaching. The hydration/dehydration behaviors of linear polymers were measured using the dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) method. Moreover, the salt-water absorption capacity, centrifuge retention capacity (CRC), and absorbency under load (AUL) of ZSAP with various SBMA moieties and copolymer dosages were comprehensively evaluated in a 0.9 wt% sodium chloride solution. Additionally, the water retention under different temperatures and polymer leaching of ZSAP were investigated.

Significant Findings

The copolymer p(SBMA-co-HEMA) not only demonstrates a high salt-water absorption rate at 90% RH in a 0.9 wt% NaCl solution but also exhibits superior water retention at 0% RH compared to the AA polymer. Moreover, the ZSAP exhibits superior salt-water absorption capacity and AUL in a 0.9 wt% NaCl solution compared to conventional AA-based SAP. Additionally, the introduction of the hydroxyl moiety from the p(SBMA-co-HEMA) copolymer reduces free polymer leaching from ZSAP. This work presents an approach for the development of new SAP with high salt-water absorption and retention.

背景超级吸水聚合物(SAP)具有显著的吸水能力。方法在这项研究中,我们展示了一种具有出色盐水吸收和保留能力的齐聚物超吸收聚合物(ZSAP)。ZSAP 是通过自由基聚合将对(甲基丙烯酸磺基甜菜碱-2-甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯)共聚物(p(SBMA-co-HEMA))接枝到丙烯酸(AA)水凝胶上合成的。引入齐聚物 SBMA 后,聚合物的亲水性明显增强,特别是在盐溶液中,因为具有抗聚电解质效应,从而加快了盐分吸收速度。此外,HEMA 的羟基还能通过酯化作用促进与 AA 网络膜形成共价键,从而有效减轻聚合物的浸出。使用动态蒸汽吸附(DVS)法测量了线性聚合物的水合/脱水行为。此外,还在 0.9 wt% 氯化钠溶液中全面评估了含有不同 SBMA 分子和共聚物用量的 ZSAP 的盐水吸收能力、离心保留能力(CRC)和负载下吸收能力(AUL)。重要发现在 0.9 wt% 的氯化钠溶液中,共聚物 p(SBMA-co-HEMA)不仅在 90% 相对湿度下具有很高的盐水吸收率,而且在 0% 相对湿度下的保水性能也优于 AA 聚合物。此外,与传统的 AA 类 SAP 相比,ZSAP 在 0.9 wt% 的 NaCl 溶液中表现出更高的盐水吸收能力和 AUL。此外,从 p(SBMA-co-HEMA)共聚物中引入羟基可减少 ZSAP 中游离聚合物的浸出。这项研究为开发具有高盐水吸收性和保留性的新型 SAP 提供了一种方法。
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引用次数: 0
Polyvinylidene fluoride-alkali lignin blend: A new candidate for membranes development 聚偏二氟乙烯-碱木素混合物:开发薄膜的新候选材料
IF 4.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100081

New blend membranes consisting of a tuned ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and alkali lignin (AL) were studied. Through the use of a green solvent like dimethyl sulfoxide, effective mixing between PVDF and AL was achieved, leading to the development of highly hydrophilic membranes with robust mechanical stability. Characterization methods confirmed the suitability of the blend for membrane preparation and its hydrophilic nature.

A key aspect of the strategy involved hydrophilizing PVDF during the preparation process by blending it with AL in the pot. This approach aimed to streamline production by reducing the number of steps compared to post-treatment methods such as grafting or coating. The presence of hydrophobic/hydrophilic groups in the AL structure addressed the challenge of compatibility between PVDF and conventional hydrophilic polymers, enhancing interaction between the components.

The resulting hydrophilic material exhibited improved pure water permeance and demonstrated resistance to irreversible fouling. The membrane's ability to process wastewater streams and its resistance to fouling was demonstrated by separating stable and uniform submicron oil-in-water emulsions with high rejection (>99.9 %) up to a volume reduction factor (VRF) of 7.7.

研究了由经过调整的聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)和碱木质素(AL)比例组成的新型混合膜。通过使用二甲基亚砜等绿色溶剂,实现了聚偏二氟乙烯和碱木素的有效混合,从而开发出了具有强大机械稳定性的高亲水性膜。该策略的一个关键方面是在制备过程中通过在锅中将 PVDF 与 AL 混合来亲水。与接枝或涂层等后处理方法相比,这种方法旨在通过减少步骤来简化生产。AL 结构中疏水/亲水基团的存在解决了 PVDF 与传统亲水聚合物之间的兼容性难题,增强了各组分之间的相互作用。通过分离稳定、均匀的亚微米水包油型乳状液,并在体积减小因子(VRF)达到 7.7 时实现高排斥率(99.9%),证明了该膜处理废水流的能力及其抗污垢能力。
{"title":"Polyvinylidene fluoride-alkali lignin blend: A new candidate for membranes development","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New blend membranes consisting of a tuned ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and alkali lignin (AL) were studied. Through the use of a green solvent like dimethyl sulfoxide, effective mixing between PVDF and AL was achieved, leading to the development of highly hydrophilic membranes with robust mechanical stability. Characterization methods confirmed the suitability of the blend for membrane preparation and its hydrophilic nature.</p><p>A key aspect of the strategy involved hydrophilizing PVDF during the preparation process by blending it with AL in the pot. This approach aimed to streamline production by reducing the number of steps compared to post-treatment methods such as grafting or coating. The presence of hydrophobic/hydrophilic groups in the AL structure addressed the challenge of compatibility between PVDF and conventional hydrophilic polymers, enhancing interaction between the components.</p><p>The resulting hydrophilic material exhibited improved pure water permeance and demonstrated resistance to irreversible fouling. The membrane's ability to process wastewater streams and its resistance to fouling was demonstrated by separating stable and uniform submicron oil-in-water emulsions with high rejection (&gt;99.9 %) up to a volume reduction factor (VRF) of 7.7.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772421224000151/pdfft?md5=aa92dbc31fdee0cb574b9097a0a31edf&pid=1-s2.0-S2772421224000151-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conquering surfactant-induced partial wetting of commercial membrane in membrane distillation through in-situ water flushing 通过原位水冲洗解决膜蒸馏中表面活性剂引起的商用膜部分润湿问题
IF 4.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100082

Surfactant-induced wetting impedes the practical implementation of membrane distillation (MD). Addressing this issue demands the development of an effective membrane cleaning strategy that can eliminate surfactants adhering to the membrane surface and restore the membrane hydrophobicity. However, current cleaning methods, such as direct drying and pressurized air backwashing, encounter challenges in thoroughly removing surfactants trapped within the pores while preserving the structural integrity of the membrane. This work presents a refined approach to conquer surfactant-induced wetting in MD by water flushing. Utilizing ultrasonic time domain reflectometry and optical coherence tomography techniques, we identified a critical cleaning depth and showed that the hydrophobicity of a partially wetted membrane can be fully recovered by water flushing when the wetting depth is below the critical threshold. Theoretical models evidenced that in instances of low water temperature and low flow rate conditions, relatively high critical cleaning depths can be realized, thereby expanding the operational scope for achieving complete hydrophobicity recovery. Our results demonstrated the applicability of water flushing to commercial membrane modules without necessitating any modification, emphasizing its substantial potential for advancing MD applications.

表面活性剂引起的润湿阻碍了膜蒸馏(MD)的实际应用。要解决这个问题,就需要开发一种有效的膜清洗策略,以消除附着在膜表面的表面活性剂,恢复膜的疏水性。然而,目前的清洁方法,如直接干燥和加压空气反冲洗,在彻底清除孔隙内的表面活性剂的同时保持膜结构的完整性方面遇到了挑战。这项研究提出了一种通过水冲洗来克服表面活性剂引起的 MD 润湿的改进方法。利用超声时域反射仪和光学相干断层扫描技术,我们确定了临界清洁深度,并表明当润湿深度低于临界阈值时,部分润湿膜的疏水性可通过水冲洗完全恢复。理论模型证明,在低水温和低流速条件下,可以实现相对较高的临界清洁深度,从而扩大了实现疏水性完全恢复的操作范围。我们的研究结果表明,水冲洗适用于商用膜组件,无需进行任何改动,强调了其在推进 MD 应用方面的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Desalination of complex saline waters: sulfonated pentablock copolymer pervaporation membranes do not fail when exposed to scalants and surfactants 复杂盐水的脱盐:磺化五嵌段共聚物渗透膜在暴露于脱盐剂和表面活性剂时不会失效
IF 4.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100080

As a vapor pressure-driven process, pervaporation (PV) shares several of the advantages of membrane distillation (MD), such as the ability to tackle high salinity waters and the possibility of integrating low grade heat sources to reduce energy consumption. Membrane scaling and pore wetting remain strong limitations to the implementation of MD desalination. In comparison, dense, non-porous PV membranes are considered. In this study, PV membranes made from NEXARTM, a sulfonated pentablock copolymer, were evaluated and compared to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) MD membranes in a vacuum configuration. The membranes were tested using three solutions: 32 g L-1 sodium chloride (NaCl), a brackish water (8.4 g L-1) of high scaling potential, and 5.5 g L-1 NaCl with 1 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. The NEXARTM membrane achieved a permeance of 93.1±44.6 kg m-2 h-1 bar-1 for the 32 g L-1 brine, which was almost 20% higher than the PTFE MD membrane. This permeance decreased in the presence of foulants; however, in contrast with the MD membrane, where scaling and surfactants induced pore wetting, the salt rejection for the NEXARTM PV membrane was constant at >99% for all water types. These results emphasize the robustness of PV as a process to deal with challenging saline waters.

作为一种蒸汽压力驱动的工艺,渗透蒸发(PV)与膜蒸馏(MD)有一些共同的优点,例如能够处理高盐度水域,并有可能整合低品位热源以降低能耗。膜结垢和孔隙润湿仍然是实施 MD 海水淡化的主要限制因素。相比之下,我们考虑了致密、无孔的光伏膜。在这项研究中,对由五嵌段磺化共聚物 NEXARTM 制成的光伏膜进行了评估,并将其与真空配置下的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)MD 膜进行了比较。使用三种溶液对膜进行了测试:32 g L-1 氯化钠 (NaCl)、具有高结垢潜能的苦咸水 (8.4 g L-1) 以及含有 1 mM 十二烷基硫酸钠的 5.5 g L-1 NaCl。NEXARTM 膜对 32 g L-1 盐水的渗透率为 93.1±44.6 kg m-2 h-1 bar-1,比 PTFE MD 膜高出近 20%。然而,与 MD 膜不同的是,NEXARTM PV 膜的盐分去除率在所有类型的水中都保持在 99%。这些结果强调了 PV 作为一种处理具有挑战性的盐水的工艺的稳健性。
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引用次数: 0
Salt partitioning and transport in polyamide reverse osmosis membranes at ultrahigh pressures 超高压下聚酰胺反渗透膜中的盐分分配和迁移
IF 4.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100079

Understanding salt and water transport mechanisms in reverse osmosis (RO) under high pressures and salinities is critical to advancing RO-based brine management technologies. In this study, we investigate the dependence of salt permeance and partitioning on feed salinity and applied pressure. Salt partitioning coefficients were determined using a novel high-pressure quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and salt permeances were collected using a lab-scale high-pressure dead-end cell. Our results show that salt permeance decreases with respect to feed concentration, in contrast to conventional theories for charged RO membranes. We further show salt partitioning coefficients do not change with applied hydrostatic pressure but are dependent on feed salt concentration. We use non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to show that these trends are explained by salinity and pressure-induced changes to the structure of the polyamide layer, namely osmotic deswelling and compaction. Changes in the polyamide layer thickness and pore size alter the frictional interactions of ions, affecting membrane performance at larger salinities and pressures. These results provide new insights on how structure-performance relationships affect salt transport at higher pressures.

了解高压和高盐度条件下反渗透(RO)中盐和水的传输机制对于推进基于反渗透的盐水管理技术至关重要。在这项研究中,我们调查了盐的渗透和分配对进料盐度和应用压力的依赖性。使用新型高压石英晶体微天平 (QCM) 测定了盐分配系数,并使用实验室规模的高压死端池收集了盐渗透率。我们的结果表明,盐的渗透率随进水浓度的降低而降低,这与带电反渗透膜的传统理论相反。我们进一步表明,盐分配系数不会随施加的静水压力而改变,但取决于进料盐浓度。我们使用非平衡分子动力学模拟来说明这些趋势是由盐度和压力引起的聚酰胺层结构变化(即渗透脱气和压实)造成的。聚酰胺层厚度和孔径的变化会改变离子的摩擦相互作用,从而影响膜在较大盐度和压力下的性能。这些结果提供了关于结构-性能关系如何在较高压力下影响盐分传输的新见解。
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引用次数: 0
Charge-patterned nanofiltration membranes with polystyrene sulfonate particles and polyethyleneimine in cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol 带有聚苯乙烯磺酸盐颗粒和交联聚乙烯醇中的聚乙烯亚胺的电荷图案纳滤膜
IF 4.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100078

Removing salinity has always been a challenge for wastewater treatment. Utilizing nanofiltration (NF) membranes is a promising approach. However, currently available NF membranes are less effective in monovalent salt removal. In this study, work toward the initial aim of fabricating charge mosaic membranes led to charge-patterned NF-selective films on polyether sulfone (PES) or polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support membranes, with similar rejection for mono- and divalent salts. The membranes were fabricated by a two-step layer assembly of first negatively charged polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) particles immobilized in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer, followed by coating a positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) layer. Both PVA and PEI were crosslinked using glutaraldehyde that had initially been impregnated into the support membrane. The type of support membrane, nanoparticle, PVA, and PEI concentrations during fabrication, as well as feed pH and salt concentration, play significant roles in separation performance of obtained composite membranes. Charge-patterned NF membranes fabricated using 0.5 wt.% PVA and 0.05 wt.% PSS for assembly of the first layer followed by coating 0.5 wt.% PEI solution had even somewhat higher rejection for monovalent salt (NaCl; ∼82%) compared to multivalent salts (Na2SO4, MgSO4, and MgCl2; ∼74%), at a permeance of 5.5 LMH/bar on the PES and 3.1 LMH/bar on the PAN support membrane.

去除盐分一直是废水处理的难题。利用纳滤膜是一种很有前景的方法。然而,目前可用的纳滤膜在去除单价盐方面效果较差。在这项研究中,为了实现制作电荷镶嵌膜的初步目标,在聚醚砜(PES)或聚丙烯腈(PAN)支撑膜上制作了电荷图案的纳滤膜,对一价和二价盐的去除效果相似。这些膜是通过两步层组装制成的,首先将带负电荷的聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PSS)颗粒固定在聚乙烯醇(PVA)层中,然后涂上带正电荷的聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)层。PVA 和 PEI 都是用戊二醛交联的,而戊二醛最初是浸渍在支撑膜中的。在制造过程中,支撑膜的类型、纳米粒子、PVA 和 PEI 的浓度以及进料 pH 值和盐浓度对所获得的复合膜的分离性能起着重要作用。使用 0.5 wt.% PVA 和 0.05 wt.% PSS 制造第一层电荷图案 NF 膜,然后涂覆 0.5 wt.与多价盐(Na2SO4、MgSO4 和 MgCl2;∼74%)相比,PEI 溶液对一价盐(NaCl;∼82%)的阻隔率更高,PES 膜的渗透率为 5.5 LMH/bar,PAN 支撑膜的渗透率为 3.1 LMH/bar。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Membrane Science Letters
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