Pub Date : 1990-09-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90128-I
P.H.J.J. Swuste
A method of solution directed workplace analysis is developed to compared and evaluate different production processes within the branch of the Dutch rubber industry as well as their solutions to reduce exposure to different factors. Special attention is paid to one preventive measure; local exhaust ventilation. Efficiency and design features will be discussed.
{"title":"Workplace analysis and design solutions in the Dutch rubber industry","authors":"P.H.J.J. Swuste","doi":"10.1016/0376-6349(90)90128-I","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-6349(90)90128-I","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A method of solution directed workplace analysis is developed to compared and evaluate different production processes within the branch of the Dutch rubber industry as well as their solutions to reduce exposure to different factors. Special attention is paid to one preventive measure; local exhaust ventilation. Efficiency and design features will be discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Accidents","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 111-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-6349(90)90128-I","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88646677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-07-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90051-V
Ewa Menckel
Menckel, E., 1990. Safety engineers and accident prevention: An inventory of activities within one industrial sector in Sweden. Journal of Occupational Accidents, 12: 271–282.
An inventory has been taken of the accident prevention work of safety engineers at slaughter-houses and in the meat industry; this is the sector in Sweden which shows the highest number of accidents per million working hours. All safety engineers within occupational health services associated with companies in this sector filled in a questionnaire on their safety prevention work that covered both all the companies and the particular slaughter-house/meat industry companies for which they had responsibility. Interviews were also conducted with approximately half of the safety engineers. The results reveal, among other things, that accident-oriented work comprised only a minor part of the work of safety engineers, most often taking up less than 5% of their total working time. Many had not worked with accidents/accident risks at slaughter-house and meat industry companies at all. Factors considered by the engineers to be obstacles to accident prevention work were that their own area of responsibility was far too wide, that there was a lack of initiative and low level of interest on the part of company management and trade union organizations, and that the training of work supervisors and safety representatives was inadequate. On the basis of the results, a number of recommendations are made with respect to both changes in the nature of the work of engineers to provide more opportunities for accident prevention and the development of cooperative activities to promote more effective accident prevention work.
{"title":"Safety engineers and accident prevention","authors":"Ewa Menckel","doi":"10.1016/0376-6349(90)90051-V","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-6349(90)90051-V","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Menckel, E., 1990. Safety engineers and accident prevention: An inventory of activities within one industrial sector in Sweden. <em>Journal of Occupational Accidents</em>, 12: 271–282.</p><p>An inventory has been taken of the accident prevention work of safety engineers at slaughter-houses and in the meat industry; this is the sector in Sweden which shows the highest number of accidents per million working hours. All safety engineers within occupational health services associated with companies in this sector filled in a questionnaire on their safety prevention work that covered both all the companies and the particular slaughter-house/meat industry companies for which they had responsibility. Interviews were also conducted with approximately half of the safety engineers. The results reveal, among other things, that accident-oriented work comprised only a minor part of the work of safety engineers, most often taking up less than 5% of their total working time. Many had not worked with accidents/accident risks at slaughter-house and meat industry companies at all. Factors considered by the engineers to be obstacles to accident prevention work were that their own area of responsibility was far too wide, that there was a lack of initiative and low level of interest on the part of company management and trade union organizations, and that the training of work supervisors and safety representatives was inadequate. On the basis of the results, a number of recommendations are made with respect to both changes in the nature of the work of engineers to provide more opportunities for accident prevention and the development of cooperative activities to promote more effective accident prevention work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Accidents","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 271-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-6349(90)90051-V","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89587825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-07-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90050-6
D.P. Manning, C. Jones, M. Bruce
Manning, D.P., Jones, C. and Bruce, M., 1990. Proof of shoe slip-resistance by a walking traction test. Journal of Occupational Accidents, 12: 255–270.
There is no universally acceptable or reliable method of measuring shoe and floor friction, and few of the many published methods are capable of measuring coefficient of friction (c.o.f.) of shoes worn on the feet. A new walking traction test is described, in which a test subject walks on slippery floor surfaces, pulling against a set of springs and the maximum c.o.f. attained before the feet slip, is measured.
Three soling materials were selected from a large number previously tested by a different method of measuring c.o.f. One had registered higher than average c.o.f. and the other two lower than average c.o.f. The three materials were moulded onto bowling shoes with flat soles and no separate heel or tread pattern. One set of three pairs was reserved for water lubricated surfaces and the other set for oily surfaces. Coefficient of friction of the shoes was measured by the new walking test on three separate floor surfaces lubricated in turn with water and oil. The shoe soles were then abraded or polished in ten stages with an orbital sander. Surface roughness and c.o.f. were measured after each abrasion treatment.
With successive abrasion treatments, the soling selected for above average c.o.f. gradually became rougher than the other two materials and it nearly always recorded higher c.o.f. readings when tested by the walking traction method. Its superior grip was demonstrated at roughness readings above 15 microns on water lubricated floors; c.o.f. of 0.43 was achieved on all three floors. The other two solings could not be roughened more than 15 microns. On oily surfaces, soling roughness of 21.5 microns only produced a c.o.f. of 0.2. Permanent roughness of solings is one of the properties needed for safer walking in slippery conditions. This new walking traction test convincingly measures shoe and floor friction up to a maximum of 0.43 and will assist the search for slip-resistant footwear.
{"title":"Proof of shoe slip-resistance by a walking traction test","authors":"D.P. Manning, C. Jones, M. Bruce","doi":"10.1016/0376-6349(90)90050-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-6349(90)90050-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Manning, D.P., Jones, C. and Bruce, M., 1990. Proof of shoe slip-resistance by a walking traction test. <em>Journal of Occupational Accidents</em>, 12: 255–270.</p><p>There is no universally acceptable or reliable method of measuring shoe and floor friction, and few of the many published methods are capable of measuring coefficient of friction (c.o.f.) of shoes worn on the feet. A new walking traction test is described, in which a test subject walks on slippery floor surfaces, pulling against a set of springs and the maximum c.o.f. attained before the feet slip, is measured.</p><p>Three soling materials were selected from a large number previously tested by a different method of measuring c.o.f. One had registered higher than average c.o.f. and the other two lower than average c.o.f. The three materials were moulded onto bowling shoes with flat soles and no separate heel or tread pattern. One set of three pairs was reserved for water lubricated surfaces and the other set for oily surfaces. Coefficient of friction of the shoes was measured by the new walking test on three separate floor surfaces lubricated in turn with water and oil. The shoe soles were then abraded or polished in ten stages with an orbital sander. Surface roughness and c.o.f. were measured after each abrasion treatment.</p><p>With successive abrasion treatments, the soling selected for above average c.o.f. gradually became rougher than the other two materials and it nearly always recorded higher c.o.f. readings when tested by the walking traction method. Its superior grip was demonstrated at roughness readings above 15 microns on water lubricated floors; c.o.f. of 0.43 was achieved on all three floors. The other two solings could not be roughened more than 15 microns. On oily surfaces, soling roughness of 21.5 microns only produced a c.o.f. of 0.2. Permanent roughness of solings is one of the properties needed for safer walking in slippery conditions. This new walking traction test convincingly measures shoe and floor friction up to a maximum of 0.43 and will assist the search for slip-resistant footwear.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Accidents","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 255-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-6349(90)90050-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78129430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-07-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90052-W
Tore J. Larsson
Larsson, T.J., 1990. Permanent occupational disabilities among Swedish metal workers in 1986. Journal of Occupational Accidents, 12: 283–293.
Seven-hundred and thirty-six occupational accidents resulting in permanent disability among Swedish metal workers in 1986 have been analysed. Sixty percent of the accidents with cutting/shearing machines and saws are described as “came too close” under normal machine operation. Among harmful agencies, rolling mill, floor/ground, heavy object and sharp object have the highest average severity rates. Warehousemen and storeroom workers, welders and heavy-plate workers were the occupations with the highest average severity rates. Fractures had the longest average periods of lost time. Further studies are suggested on accident sequences described as “normal operation”, on the use and fit of protective gloves when working at drills, reamers, tappers and millers, on extremely severe injuries and fatalities and their association with machine breakdowns and technical faults and, lastly, on manual handling with special attention paid to warehousemen and storeroom workers.
{"title":"Permanent occupational disabilities among Swedish metal workers in 1986","authors":"Tore J. Larsson","doi":"10.1016/0376-6349(90)90052-W","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-6349(90)90052-W","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Larsson, T.J., 1990. Permanent occupational disabilities among Swedish metal workers in 1986. <em>Journal of Occupational Accidents</em>, 12: 283–293.</p><p>Seven-hundred and thirty-six occupational accidents resulting in permanent disability among Swedish metal workers in 1986 have been analysed. Sixty percent of the accidents with cutting/shearing machines and saws are described as “came too close” under normal machine operation. Among harmful agencies, rolling mill, floor/ground, heavy object and sharp object have the highest average severity rates. Warehousemen and storeroom workers, welders and heavy-plate workers were the occupations with the highest average severity rates. Fractures had the longest average periods of lost time. Further studies are suggested on accident sequences described as “normal operation”, on the use and fit of protective gloves when working at drills, reamers, tappers and millers, on extremely severe injuries and fatalities and their association with machine breakdowns and technical faults and, lastly, on manual handling with special attention paid to warehousemen and storeroom workers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Accidents","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 283-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-6349(90)90052-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90913367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-07-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90057-3
{"title":"Author index volume 12","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0376-6349(90)90057-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-6349(90)90057-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Accidents","volume":"12 4","pages":"Page 325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-6349(90)90057-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136850127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-07-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90053-X
Tore J. Larsson
Larsson, T.J., 1990. Severe hand injuries among Swedish farmers. Journal of Occupational Accidents, 12: 295–306.
Eighty-tree permanently disabling hand injuries among Swedish farmers recorded for insurance purposes have been analysed. Accident sequences and average severity rates are presented for injuries associated with forest work, firewood production, timber processing, moving of animals. combines, mowing/crushing/cutting machines and conveyors. Injuries associated with combines and timber processing have the highest average severity. Farmers have a smaller than average proportion of hand injuries among the permanent disabilities in the insurance material. Still, hand injuries constitute 40% of the farmers' permanent disabilities. The average degree of disability among the hospitalized cases is higher for farmers than for industrial workers. This could be due to an underreporting of disabling injuries among farmers.
{"title":"Severe hand injuries among Swedish farmers","authors":"Tore J. Larsson","doi":"10.1016/0376-6349(90)90053-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-6349(90)90053-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Larsson, T.J., 1990. Severe hand injuries among Swedish farmers. <em>Journal of Occupational Accidents</em>, 12: 295–306.</p><p>Eighty-tree permanently disabling hand injuries among Swedish farmers recorded for insurance purposes have been analysed. Accident sequences and average severity rates are presented for injuries associated with forest work, firewood production, timber processing, moving of animals. combines, mowing/crushing/cutting machines and conveyors. Injuries associated with combines and timber processing have the highest average severity. Farmers have a smaller than average proportion of hand injuries among the permanent disabilities in the insurance material. Still, hand injuries constitute 40% of the farmers' permanent disabilities. The average degree of disability among the hospitalized cases is higher for farmers than for industrial workers. This could be due to an underreporting of disabling injuries among farmers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Accidents","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 295-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-6349(90)90053-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75938417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-07-01DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90054-Y
Jean-Pierre Brun
Brun, J.-P., 1990. Analysis of occupational accident reports and reactions of workers: An integrated approach to prevention. Journal of Occupational Accidents, 12: 307–319.
This article discribes an integrated approach to safety research which begins with the identification of typical circumstances of occurrence of occupational accidents. The data are obtained from the accident files of a state hydroelectricity company in Quebec and concern linemen, join-men and servicemen. The research also incorporates elaborate commentaries and reactions of workers on the safety problems they encounter on their work. It is concluded that this approach to research is useful as long as three conditions are met: (1) data from accident report files are varied and detailed, (2) results from data analysis are clear, and concrete, (3) workers are direcly involved in the search for solutions.
{"title":"De l'analyse des données à une démarche d'expression des travailleurs: Une approche integrée de la prévention","authors":"Jean-Pierre Brun","doi":"10.1016/0376-6349(90)90054-Y","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0376-6349(90)90054-Y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brun, J.-P., 1990. Analysis of occupational accident reports and reactions of workers: An integrated approach to prevention. <em>Journal of Occupational Accidents</em>, 12: 307–319.</p><p>This article discribes an integrated approach to safety research which begins with the identification of typical circumstances of occurrence of occupational accidents. The data are obtained from the accident files of a state hydroelectricity company in Quebec and concern linemen, join-men and servicemen. The research also incorporates elaborate commentaries and reactions of workers on the safety problems they encounter on their work. It is concluded that this approach to research is useful as long as three conditions are met: (1) data from accident report files are varied and detailed, (2) results from data analysis are clear, and concrete, (3) workers are direcly involved in the search for solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100816,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Accidents","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 307-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0376-6349(90)90054-Y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83165750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}