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Journal of Occupational Accidents最新文献

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Fatal occupational injury and energy exchange: A replication of kriebel's model 致命职业伤害与能量交换:克里贝尔模型的复制
Journal of Occupational Accidents
Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90098-G
JamesE. Cone, David Makofsky, Antonio Daponte
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引用次数: 1
Work-related fatal injuries in older California workers, 1979–1985 1979-1985年加州老年工人与工作有关的致命伤害
Journal of Occupational Accidents
Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90108-8
Jess F. Kraus, Judith Macurda, Jack Sahl, Craig Anderson

Accurate information on those injured while at work depends on the quality of the reporting mechanisms in place. There is ample evidence that such reporting mechanisms in the United States are flawed, and injuries to some segments of the work force may be grossly underenumerated. This research reports on a new system to identify, more accurately, work-related fatal injuries with particular reference to those past normal retirement age.

The system relies on the death certificate and involves a computer search of data fields possibly indicative of a work association. In addition, the actual certificate is examined, and when necessary, the coroner's record is obtained to clarify the work-related connection.

From 1979 through 1985, 195 deaths were confirmed as work-related, all but ten among working males. The rate in males was ten times higher than for females. Homicide was the most frequent external cause of death. Rates were highest in mining, agriculture, transportation, communication and utilities, and business services, cooks, bartenders, farmers, drivers, and security guards. Forty-six percent of the deaths occurred among self-employed persons.

关于工伤人员的准确信息取决于现有报告机制的质量。有充分的证据表明，美国的这种报告机制存在缺陷，对某些劳动力群体造成的伤害可能严重不足。这项研究报告了一个新的系统来识别，更准确地，与工作有关的致命伤害，特别是那些超过正常退休年龄的人。该系统依赖于死亡证明，并涉及计算机搜索可能表明工作关联的数据字段。此外，还要审查实际的证明，必要时还要取得验尸官的记录，以澄清与工作有关的联系。从1979年到1985年，195人的死亡被确认为与工作有关，除了10人以外，其余都是男性工人。男性的发病率是女性的十倍。他杀是最常见的外部死因。在采矿业、农业、交通运输业、通信和公用事业、商业服务、厨师、调酒师、农民、司机和保安等行业，患病率最高。46%的死亡发生在自营职业者中。
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引用次数: 7
Surveillance of fatal occupational injuries in California: Data sources and strategies for prevention 加州致命职业伤害的监测:数据来源和预防策略
Journal of Occupational Accidents
Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90110-H
JamesE. Cone, RobertJ. Harrison, Antonio Daponte
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引用次数: 0
Severe occupational accidents 严重职业事故
Journal of Occupational Accidents
Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90113-A
Elisabet Broberg
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引用次数: 0
Safety rules o.k.? 安全规则好吗?
Journal of Occupational Accidents
Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90061-Y
A.R. Hale

The paper considers the basis for the development and use of safety rules imposed by a company or national organisation. It starts from a consideration of individual behaviour and error in terms of cognitive psychological theory. This postulates that behaviour is governed by individual “production rules”. Imposed safety rules are only needed where individuals' own rules are not sufficient to prevent accidents. From a classification of error types it is possible to derive a classification of types of safety rules and to speculate both upon the characteristics which each type needs to have and on how and where they need to be developed and applied. The paper is illustrated by examples from a number of activities at individual, company and national level.

本文考虑了公司或国家组织制定和使用安全规则的基础。它从认知心理学理论对个体行为和错误的考虑出发。这种理论假定行为是由个体的“生产规则”支配的。只有当个人自己的规则不足以防止事故发生时，才需要强加的安全规则。从错误类型的分类中，有可能得出安全规则类型的分类，并推测每种类型需要具有的特征以及如何以及在何处需要开发和应用它们。本文以个人、公司和国家层面的一些活动为例加以说明。
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引用次数: 50
Epidemiological studies and design of agricultural implements 流行病学研究和农具设计
Journal of Occupational Accidents
Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90092-A
R. Patel, D. Mohan
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引用次数: 1
A modular system for occupational injury coding based on the Haddon matrix 基于Haddon矩阵的职业伤害编码模块化系统
Journal of Occupational Accidents
Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90103-3
D.I. Clemmer
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引用次数: 0
Use of safety analysis in automatic production systems 安全分析在自动化生产系统中的应用
Journal of Occupational Accidents
Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90089-E
Torbjørn Rundmo, Terje Sten, Urban Kjellén

Rundmo, T., Sten, T. and Kjellén, U., 1990. Use of safety analysis in automatic production systems. Journal of Occupational Accidents, 12: 139–147.

The majority of occupational accidents in automatic production systems happens during maintenance, testing or during handling of irregularities in the production process where operators and maintenance personnel are required to intervene. Methods for safety analysis in such systems have to appraise these various operational conditions.

Norsk Hydro has contracted SINTEF to develop a method for safety analysis in automatic production systems, and to test and evaluate the method in three case studies. The analysis identifies work tasks inside the danger zone of a production system and potential accident scenarios connected to these tasks. Various checklists have been developed to support each step in the examination. The method has been tested in case studies at two automatic mechanical production systems and one chemical process plant at Norsk Hydro. The article presents the method for safety analysis and results from the case studies.

Rundmo, T.， Sten, T. and kjell n, U.， 1990。安全分析在自动化生产系统中的应用。职业事故学报，12:139-147。自动化生产系统中的大多数职业事故发生在维护、测试或处理生产过程中的违规行为时，需要操作人员和维护人员进行干预。这种系统的安全分析方法必须评估这些不同的操作条件。挪威海德鲁公司与SINTEF签订合同，开发一种自动化生产系统的安全分析方法，并在三个案例研究中对该方法进行测试和评估。该分析确定了生产系统危险区域内的工作任务以及与这些任务相关的潜在事故场景。我们制定了各种核对表，以支持考试的每个步骤。该方法已在挪威海德鲁的两个自动机械生产系统和一个化学处理厂进行了案例研究。本文介绍了安全分析的方法和案例分析的结果。
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引用次数: 4
Intelligent safety systems provide production adapted safety 智能安全系统提供与生产相适应的安全
Journal of Occupational Accidents
Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90091-9
T. Malm, J. Suominen
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引用次数: 5
Priority to key areas and management by results in the National accident prevention policy 在国家事故预防政策中，优先考虑关键领域和结果管理
Journal of Occupational Accidents
Pub Date : 1990-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/0376-6349(90)90067-6
L.-M. Bjurström
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引用次数: 1
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