The relentless urban expansion has led to the depletion of forests and agricultural lands. Yet, pinpointing viable zones for urban agriculture, particularly concerning pollinator presence, remains a formidable task for city planners.
Materials and Methods
Our study introduces a novel methodology to identify optimal locations for cultivating pollinator-dependent crops. Leveraging species distribution models (SDMs), we generated habitat suitability maps for 243 pollinating insects, including bees (41 species), butterflies (140 species), and hoverflies (62 species) across South Korea. Subsequently, employing Graphab 2.8 software, we categorised 10 major cities in South Korea based on the connectivity of green space patches. Clusters exhibiting greater green space coverage, size, and connectivity displayed higher modularity values. Utilising ArcGIS software's zonal function, we computed key statistical parameters—minimum, maximum, mean, and sum values—of the pollinator taxa maps within each cluster.
Results
Our analysis unveiled a robust positive correlation between cluster modularity and the cumulative distribution of pollinators. Regions with heightened modularity exhibited richer pollinator populations, suggesting their suitability for urban agriculture for pollinator-dependent crops.
Conclusion
This study proposes that employing graph theory-based clustering of urban green spaces can effectively delineate areas conducive to urban agriculture. This strategic identification of green space clusters with optimal pollinator abundance holds promise for urban agricultural planning and sustainability initiatives.
{"title":"Identifying pollinator-friendly sites within urban green spaces for sustainable urban agriculture","authors":"Ehsan Rahimi, Chuleui Jung","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relentless urban expansion has led to the depletion of forests and agricultural lands. Yet, pinpointing viable zones for urban agriculture, particularly concerning pollinator presence, remains a formidable task for city planners.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study introduces a novel methodology to identify optimal locations for cultivating pollinator-dependent crops. Leveraging species distribution models (SDMs), we generated habitat suitability maps for 243 pollinating insects, including bees (41 species), butterflies (140 species), and hoverflies (62 species) across South Korea. Subsequently, employing Graphab 2.8 software, we categorised 10 major cities in South Korea based on the connectivity of green space patches. Clusters exhibiting greater green space coverage, size, and connectivity displayed higher modularity values. Utilising ArcGIS software's zonal function, we computed key statistical parameters—minimum, maximum, mean, and sum values—of the pollinator taxa maps within each cluster.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analysis unveiled a robust positive correlation between cluster modularity and the cumulative distribution of pollinators. Regions with heightened modularity exhibited richer pollinator populations, suggesting their suitability for urban agriculture for pollinator-dependent crops.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study proposes that employing graph theory-based clustering of urban green spaces can effectively delineate areas conducive to urban agriculture. This strategic identification of green space clusters with optimal pollinator abundance holds promise for urban agricultural planning and sustainability initiatives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramesha H. Jayaramaiah, Eleonora Egidi, Catriona A. Macdonald, Brajesh K. Singh
Biodiversity is an essential component for ecosystem functioning and stability, with numerous biotic interactions and complementarity playing important roles. The complexity of these relationships can be seen in both above- and belowground ecosystems and understanding these intricate relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) is critical to ecological research, especially in the context of rapidly changing global environments. This review synthesizes contemporary research and fundamental insights into BEF linkages, with a particular emphasis on the function of plant-microbial biotic interactions in shaping aboveground biodiversity and their cascading effects on ecosystem processes. One of the most significant developments is the discovery that microbial communities responsible for a variety of soil functions are inextricably linked to plant communities and ecosystem processes. However, BEF studies rarely explore the relationships between above- and belowground biodiversity components, as well as how global change affects them. In light of this, we propose emerging paths for future study, emphasizing the necessity of global-scale networks and collaborative efforts to address difficult ecological challenges. Addressing these crucial knowledge gaps might help to improve our understanding of the interplay between biodiversity, biotic interactions and ecosystem functions, thereby improving primary productivity as well as ecosystem resilience and sustainability in the face of projected global change.
{"title":"Linking biodiversity and biotic interactions to ecosystem functioning","authors":"Ramesha H. Jayaramaiah, Eleonora Egidi, Catriona A. Macdonald, Brajesh K. Singh","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biodiversity is an essential component for ecosystem functioning and stability, with numerous biotic interactions and complementarity playing important roles. The complexity of these relationships can be seen in both above- and belowground ecosystems and understanding these intricate relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) is critical to ecological research, especially in the context of rapidly changing global environments. This review synthesizes contemporary research and fundamental insights into BEF linkages, with a particular emphasis on the function of plant-microbial biotic interactions in shaping aboveground biodiversity and their cascading effects on ecosystem processes. One of the most significant developments is the discovery that microbial communities responsible for a variety of soil functions are inextricably linked to plant communities and ecosystem processes. However, BEF studies rarely explore the relationships between above- and belowground biodiversity components, as well as how global change affects them. In light of this, we propose emerging paths for future study, emphasizing the necessity of global-scale networks and collaborative efforts to address difficult ecological challenges. Addressing these crucial knowledge gaps might help to improve our understanding of the interplay between biodiversity, biotic interactions and ecosystem functions, thereby improving primary productivity as well as ecosystem resilience and sustainability in the face of projected global change.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Horticultural crops, encompassing fruits, vegetables, spices and herbs, play a critical role in providing nutrition and health-promoting compounds. However, their limited storability challenges producers and exporters, resulting in significant postharvest losses. Traditional preservation methods like cold storage, controlled atmosphere storage and packaging techniques have been employed to prolong shelf life, but they have their constraints. Biotechnological interventions, notably genetic engineering, offer promising avenues to address these limitations. Genetic modifications target physiological processes such as ripening and ethylene production, enhancing resistance to postharvest diseases and improving nutritional profiles. For instance, genetically modified tomatoes with prolonged shelf life and reduced susceptibility to fungal infections showcase the potential of genetic engineering. Similarly, genetic modification has been successfully applied to various horticultural crops like apples, bananas and mushrooms, resulting in decreased browning and heightened disease resistance. Emerging technologies such as modified atmosphere packaging, edible coatings and nanoparticle treatments further augment efforts to extend shelf life. Despite their benefits, the debate surrounding genetically modified fruits and vegetables persists due to concerns regarding environmental impact, health implications and ethical considerations. This review offers insights into current practices and research endeavours aimed at enhancing the shelf life of horticultural crops through both traditional and biotechnological means, shedding light on opportunities and hurdles in this domain. Future directions include intensifying basic research to unravel molecular processes in harvested tissues, prioritising investigations that directly benefit consumers and developing sustainable and cost-effective approaches for emerging technologies like modified atmosphere packaging, edible coatings and postharvest treatments.
{"title":"Applications of biotechnology for enhancing the shelf life of horticultural crops","authors":"Tesfahun Belay Mihrete, Melkamu Alemayehu Workie, Fenta Assefa Bogale","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Horticultural crops, encompassing fruits, vegetables, spices and herbs, play a critical role in providing nutrition and health-promoting compounds. However, their limited storability challenges producers and exporters, resulting in significant postharvest losses. Traditional preservation methods like cold storage, controlled atmosphere storage and packaging techniques have been employed to prolong shelf life, but they have their constraints. Biotechnological interventions, notably genetic engineering, offer promising avenues to address these limitations. Genetic modifications target physiological processes such as ripening and ethylene production, enhancing resistance to postharvest diseases and improving nutritional profiles. For instance, genetically modified tomatoes with prolonged shelf life and reduced susceptibility to fungal infections showcase the potential of genetic engineering. Similarly, genetic modification has been successfully applied to various horticultural crops like apples, bananas and mushrooms, resulting in decreased browning and heightened disease resistance. Emerging technologies such as modified atmosphere packaging, edible coatings and nanoparticle treatments further augment efforts to extend shelf life. Despite their benefits, the debate surrounding genetically modified fruits and vegetables persists due to concerns regarding environmental impact, health implications and ethical considerations. This review offers insights into current practices and research endeavours aimed at enhancing the shelf life of horticultural crops through both traditional and biotechnological means, shedding light on opportunities and hurdles in this domain. Future directions include intensifying basic research to unravel molecular processes in harvested tissues, prioritising investigations that directly benefit consumers and developing sustainable and cost-effective approaches for emerging technologies like modified atmosphere packaging, edible coatings and postharvest treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toru Hamamoto, Nhamo Nhamo, David Chikoye, Ikabongo Mukumbuta, Yoshitaka Uchida
The use of organic materials has been widely promoted to improve soil health. Surface-active soil macrofauna serves as a key biological indicator of soil health as it supports agricultural productivity. However, the effects of organic amendments on soil fauna and their relationships with crop production are still unknown in C-limited soil conditions. A field experiment was conducted under different fertilizer management in two soils with contrasting C content (14.2/5.1 g C kg−1 at the Lusaka/Kabwe site) in Zambia. Our results show a contrast in soil fauna abundance in two soils. During the experimental period, we collected a total of 926 individual soil fauna in all plots at the Lusaka site, while only 145 individual soil fauna were collected at the Kabwe site. Soil fauna was predominantly composed of Araneae, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Diplopoda, and Orthoptera. Organic amendments significantly increased soil fauna abundance only at the Lusaka site, and the abundance of Coleoptera and Diplopoda was highly related to the crop yield. At the Kabwe site, the effect of organic amendment on soil fauna abundance was minimal, although significantly higher crop yields were observed in soils with organic amendment. These contrasting results may be due to soil nutrient and water status between different sites. Our findings suggest that site-specific strategies are required to protect and enhance soil fauna communities in C-depleted soils.
使用有机材料改善土壤健康已得到广泛推广。表面活性土壤大型动物是土壤健康的关键生物指标，因为它支持农业生产力。然而，在 C 有限的土壤条件下，有机添加剂对土壤动物群的影响及其与作物产量的关系仍然未知。我们在赞比亚两块含碳量不同的土壤（卢萨卡/卡布韦地区为 14.2/5.1 克 C kg-1）中进行了肥料管理不同的田间试验。我们的研究结果表明，两种土壤中的土壤动物丰度形成了鲜明对比。在实验期间，我们在卢萨卡地点的所有地块中总共收集到 926 个土壤动物个体，而在卡布韦地点只收集到 145 个土壤动物个体。土壤动物主要由鹤形目（Araneae）、鞘翅目（Coleoptera）、皮足目（Dermaptera）、倍足目（Diplopoda）和直翅目（Orthoptera）组成。只有在卢萨卡生产基地，有机添加剂才会明显增加土壤动物的数量，而且鞘翅目和双足纲动物的数量与作物产量密切相关。在卡布韦，有机改良剂对土壤动物丰度的影响微乎其微，尽管在使用有机改良剂的土壤中观察到作物产量明显提高。这些截然不同的结果可能与不同地点的土壤养分和水分状况有关。我们的研究结果表明，要保护和提高缺碳土壤中的土壤动物群落，必须采取因地制宜的策略。
{"title":"Effects of organic amendments on crop production and soil fauna community in contrasting Zambian soils","authors":"Toru Hamamoto, Nhamo Nhamo, David Chikoye, Ikabongo Mukumbuta, Yoshitaka Uchida","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of organic materials has been widely promoted to improve soil health. Surface-active soil macrofauna serves as a key biological indicator of soil health as it supports agricultural productivity. However, the effects of organic amendments on soil fauna and their relationships with crop production are still unknown in C-limited soil conditions. A field experiment was conducted under different fertilizer management in two soils with contrasting C content (14.2/5.1 g C kg<sup>−1</sup> at the Lusaka/Kabwe site) in Zambia. Our results show a contrast in soil fauna abundance in two soils. During the experimental period, we collected a total of 926 individual soil fauna in all plots at the Lusaka site, while only 145 individual soil fauna were collected at the Kabwe site. Soil fauna was predominantly composed of Araneae, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Diplopoda, and Orthoptera. Organic amendments significantly increased soil fauna abundance only at the Lusaka site, and the abundance of Coleoptera and Diplopoda was highly related to the crop yield. At the Kabwe site, the effect of organic amendment on soil fauna abundance was minimal, although significantly higher crop yields were observed in soils with organic amendment. These contrasting results may be due to soil nutrient and water status between different sites. Our findings suggest that site-specific strategies are required to protect and enhance soil fauna communities in C-depleted soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashenafei Gezahegn, Yihenew G. Selassie, Getachew Agegnehu, Solomon Addisu, Fekremariam Asargew Mihretie, Yudai Kohira, Mekuanint Lewoyehu, Shinjiro Sato
Introduction
Options for managing water hyacinths (WHs) include converting the biomass into biochar for soil amendment. However, less has been known about the impact of WH-based biochar developed in varying pyrolysis temperatures on plant growth and soil qualities.
Materials and Methods
A pot experiment was undertaken in a factorial combination of WH biochars (WHBs) developed at three temperatures (350°C, 550°C and 750°C) and two application rates (5 and 20 t ha−1), plus a control without biochar. Maize was grown as a test crop for 2 months under natural conditions.
Results
Our study showed that applying WHB developed between 350°C and 750°C at 20 t ha−1 increased maize shoot and root dry biomass by 47.7% to 17.6% and 78.4% to 54.1%, respectively. Nevertheless, raising the biochar pyrolysis temperature decreased maize growth, whereas increasing the application rate displayed a positive effect. The application of WHB generated at 350°C and 550°C at 20 t ha−1 resulted in significant improvements in soil total nitrogen (17.9% to 25%), cation exchange capacity (27.3% to 20.2%), and ammonium-nitrogen (60.7% to 59.6%), respectively, over the control. Additionally, applying WHB produced from 350°C to 750°C at 20 t ha−1 enhanced soil carbon by 38.5%–56.3%, compared to the control. Conversely, applying biochar produced at 750°C resulted in higher soil pH (6.3 ± 0.103), electrical conductivity (0.23 ± 0.01 dS m−1) and available phosphorus (21.8 ± 2.53 mg kg−1).
Conclusion
WHBs developed at temperatures of 350°C and 550°C with an application rate of 20 t ha−1 were found to be optimal for growing maize and improving soil characteristics. Our study concludes that pyrolysis temperature significantly governs the effectiveness of biochar produced from a specific biomass source.
{"title":"The impact of water hyacinth biochar on maize growth and soil properties: The influence of pyrolysis temperature","authors":"Ashenafei Gezahegn, Yihenew G. Selassie, Getachew Agegnehu, Solomon Addisu, Fekremariam Asargew Mihretie, Yudai Kohira, Mekuanint Lewoyehu, Shinjiro Sato","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12117","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Options for managing water hyacinths (WHs) include converting the biomass into biochar for soil amendment. However, less has been known about the impact of WH-based biochar developed in varying pyrolysis temperatures on plant growth and soil qualities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A pot experiment was undertaken in a factorial combination of WH biochars (WHBs) developed at three temperatures (350°C, 550°C and 750°C) and two application rates (5 and 20 t ha<sup>−1</sup>), plus a control without biochar. Maize was grown as a test crop for 2 months under natural conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study showed that applying WHB developed between 350°C and 750°C at 20 t ha<sup>−1</sup> increased maize shoot and root dry biomass by 47.7% to 17.6% and 78.4% to 54.1%, respectively. Nevertheless, raising the biochar pyrolysis temperature decreased maize growth, whereas increasing the application rate displayed a positive effect. The application of WHB generated at 350°C and 550°C at 20 t ha<sup>−1</sup> resulted in significant improvements in soil total nitrogen (17.9% to 25%), cation exchange capacity (27.3% to 20.2%), and ammonium-nitrogen (60.7% to 59.6%), respectively, over the control. Additionally, applying WHB produced from 350°C to 750°C at 20 t ha<sup>−1</sup> enhanced soil carbon by 38.5%–56.3%, compared to the control. Conversely, applying biochar produced at 750°C resulted in higher soil pH (6.3 ± 0.103), electrical conductivity (0.23 ± 0.01 dS m<sup>−1</sup>) and available phosphorus (21.8 ± 2.53 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>WHBs developed at temperatures of 350°C and 550°C with an application rate of 20 t ha<sup>−1</sup> were found to be optimal for growing maize and improving soil characteristics. Our study concludes that pyrolysis temperature significantly governs the effectiveness of biochar produced from a specific biomass source.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the primary objectives of managing microbial content in livestock farming is to control diseases in the respective animals. Nevertheless, the pervasive development of drug-resistant bacteria is a consequence of the high levels of antibiotic use that are necessary to achieve this objective. This situation exacerbates animal disease and poses a threat to human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate alternative microbial control methods in livestock farming using banana peel extract.
Materials & Methods
The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of peel extracts from unripe and ripe cultivated bananas were examined and compared.
Results
The results are notable because they show that the unripe banana peel extracts exhibited significantly better antioxidant activity than the ripe banana peel extracts in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests. Furthermore, the unripe banana peels showed significant antimicrobial activity in vitro against four bacteria that are commonly found in swine and poultry houses, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Exiguobacterium indicum, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus altitudinis, Pantoea ananatis, and Bacillus megaterium. This activity was probably due to their high levels of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Then, the spray formulation loaded with the concentrated unripe banana peel extract that was five times higher than the minimum bactericidal concentration was developed and tested. Ethanol, sodium benzoate, tween 80, and glycerine were applied as additives in the spray formulation to increase the extract's solubility and stability. It was found that the developed spray formulation effectively inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis.
Conclusion
These research outcomes show that the possible application of banana peel extract is an excellent approach because it is an eco-friendly alternative to control microorganisms undesired microbial growth in farm animals.
{"title":"Evaluation of banana peel extract (Musa sapientum L.) as a natural antimicrobial for livestock farming","authors":"Tistaya Semangoen, Rotruedee Chotigawin, Tanikan Sangnim, Nattida Chailerd, Taddao Pahasup-anan, Kampanart Huanbutta","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One of the primary objectives of managing microbial content in livestock farming is to control diseases in the respective animals. Nevertheless, the pervasive development of drug-resistant bacteria is a consequence of the high levels of antibiotic use that are necessary to achieve this objective. This situation exacerbates animal disease and poses a threat to human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate alternative microbial control methods in livestock farming using banana peel extract.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials & Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of peel extracts from unripe and ripe cultivated bananas were examined and compared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results are notable because they show that the unripe banana peel extracts exhibited significantly better antioxidant activity than the ripe banana peel extracts in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests. Furthermore, the unripe banana peels showed significant antimicrobial activity in vitro against four bacteria that are commonly found in swine and poultry houses, including <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, <i>Exiguobacterium indicum</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus, Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus altitudinis, Pantoea ananatis</i>, and <i>Bacillus megaterium</i>. This activity was probably due to their high levels of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Then, the spray formulation loaded with the concentrated unripe banana peel extract that was five times higher than the minimum bactericidal concentration was developed and tested. Ethanol, sodium benzoate, tween 80, and glycerine were applied as additives in the spray formulation to increase the extract's solubility and stability. It was found that the developed spray formulation effectively inhibited the growth of <i>S. epidermidis</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These research outcomes show that the possible application of banana peel extract is an excellent approach because it is an eco-friendly alternative to control microorganisms undesired microbial growth in farm animals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guiping Ye, Kam W. Tang, Xiao Lin, Ping Yang, Chuan Tong, Zi-Yang He, Mengmeng Feng, Milin Deng, Yongxin Lin
Introduction
As a crucial component of the nitrogen cycle, ammonia oxidation in soil can be driven by canonical ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) and bacteria, as well as complete ammonia oxidiser (CMX Nitrospira). Land use change can disrupt and alter the soil microbial community and the nitrogen cycle.
Materials & Methods
We compared the soil ammonia-oxidising microorganisms and ammonia oxidation potentials in a coastal marsh and nearby reclaimed aquaculture ponds, monthly over a 10-month period in southeastern China. The abundance of ammonia oxidisers was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR and the community structure of CMX Nitrospira was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing.
Results
The ammonia oxidiser community was dominated by AOA in the marsh (91%) and was made up of similar proportions of AOA and CMX Nitrospira in the aquaculture ponds (46%–47%). The CMX Nitrospira community structure changed significantly between habitat types, mainly driven by opposite change in relative abundance of clade B versus clades A.2 and A.3. Aquaculture reclamation decreased the soil potential ammonia oxidation rate (PAO) by an order of magnitude, and AOA was the only significant predictor of PAO among all ammonia oxidiser groups.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that aquaculture reclamation from coastal marshes would significantly alter the soil ammonia oxidiser community and decrease ammonia oxidation rate, and CMX Nitrospira appear to play a relative larger role in nitrogen cycling in aquaculture ponds.
{"title":"Conversion of coastal marsh to aquaculture ponds altered soil ammonia oxidiser community and decreased ammonia oxidation potential","authors":"Guiping Ye, Kam W. Tang, Xiao Lin, Ping Yang, Chuan Tong, Zi-Yang He, Mengmeng Feng, Milin Deng, Yongxin Lin","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sae2.12115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As a crucial component of the nitrogen cycle, ammonia oxidation in soil can be driven by canonical ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) and bacteria, as well as complete ammonia oxidiser (CMX <i>Nitrospira</i>). Land use change can disrupt and alter the soil microbial community and the nitrogen cycle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials & Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compared the soil ammonia-oxidising microorganisms and ammonia oxidation potentials in a coastal marsh and nearby reclaimed aquaculture ponds, monthly over a 10-month period in southeastern China. The abundance of ammonia oxidisers was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR and the community structure of CMX <i>Nitrospira</i> was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ammonia oxidiser community was dominated by AOA in the marsh (91%) and was made up of similar proportions of AOA and CMX <i>Nitrospira</i> in the aquaculture ponds (46%–47%). The CMX <i>Nitrospira</i> community structure changed significantly between habitat types, mainly driven by opposite change in relative abundance of clade B versus clades A.2 and A.3. Aquaculture reclamation decreased the soil potential ammonia oxidation rate (PAO) by an order of magnitude, and AOA was the only significant predictor of PAO among all ammonia oxidiser groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that aquaculture reclamation from coastal marshes would significantly alter the soil ammonia oxidiser community and decrease ammonia oxidation rate, and CMX <i>Nitrospira</i> appear to play a relative larger role in nitrogen cycling in aquaculture ponds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to assess the efficacy of two genera of rhizobacteria from avocado field isolated: Pseudomonas and Bacillus, as plant growth-promoting microorganisms in Hass avocado trees grafted onto Zutano rootstock.
Materials and Methods
The siderophore-producing and phosphate-solubilizing capacity of each isolated strain was determined and plant growth-promoting activity, nutrient accumulation, and nutrient use efficiency in Zutano variety avocado seedlings were evaluated. Molecular identification was carried out by amplification of the 16S rDNA gene of the isolated strains.
Results
Pseudomonas putida, Lysinibacillus macroides, Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, were identified as the PGPR of the Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera, predominant in the avocado rhizosphere. There was found 11 phosphate solubilizing strains and 2 siderophore-producing strains. The phosphate-solubilizing strains, B. subtilis and P. plecoglossicida, stimulated the growth of Zutano seedlings, increasing their root dry weight (g), stem dry weight (g), leaf dry weight (g) and leaf area (cm2). Significant differences were found in nutrient uptake efficiency between inoculated plants and noninoculated plants. The increase in root biomass responded to greater phosphorus and potassium absorption in plants inoculated with P. plecoglossicida, due to this strain's high phosphate solubilization efficiency (266%).
Conclusions
The highest plant growth promotion strains were Bac F (B. subtilis), Bac M (P. plecoglossicida) and P1 (P. putida), which achieved the highest increase in root and leaf dry weight, as well as the highest nutrient extractions and nutrient uptake efficiency.
{"title":"Assessing the role of field isolated Pseudomonas and Bacillus as growth-promoting rizobacteria on avocado (Persea americana) seedlings","authors":"Richard A. Solórzano-Acosta, Kenyi R. Quispe","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12114","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research aims to assess the efficacy of two genera of rhizobacteria from avocado field isolated: <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Bacillus</i>, as plant growth-promoting microorganisms in Hass avocado trees grafted onto Zutano rootstock.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The siderophore-producing and phosphate-solubilizing capacity of each isolated strain was determined and plant growth-promoting activity, nutrient accumulation, and nutrient use efficiency in Zutano variety avocado seedlings were evaluated. Molecular identification was carried out by amplification of the 16S rDNA gene of the isolated strains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Pseudomonas putida</i>, <i>Lysinibacillus macroides</i>, <i>Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus</i>, <i>Lysinibacillus fusiformis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</i>, were identified as the PGPR of the <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> genera, predominant in the avocado rhizosphere. There was found 11 phosphate solubilizing strains and 2 siderophore-producing strains. The phosphate-solubilizing strains, <i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>P. plecoglossicida</i>, stimulated the growth of Zutano seedlings, increasing their root dry weight (g), stem dry weight (g), leaf dry weight (g) and leaf area (cm<sup>2</sup>). Significant differences were found in nutrient uptake efficiency between inoculated plants and noninoculated plants. The increase in root biomass responded to greater phosphorus and potassium absorption in plants inoculated with <i>P. plecoglossicida</i>, due to this strain's high phosphate solubilization efficiency (266%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The highest plant growth promotion strains were Bac F (<i>B. subtilis</i>), Bac M (<i>P. plecoglossicida</i>) and P1 (<i>P. putida</i>), which achieved the highest increase in root and leaf dry weight, as well as the highest nutrient extractions and nutrient uptake efficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing demand for strawberries in the United Kingdom, valued for their flavour, nutrition and economic significance, presents challenges in maintaining consistent production, especially under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Traditional reliance on conventional agrochemicals to meet these demands is tempered by concerns about their health and environmental impacts, paving the way for eco-friendly alternatives, such as biostimulants. However, their efficiency in commercial table-top systems for June-bearing and ever-bearing strawberries under glasshouse conditions remains underexplored.
Materials and methods
This study investigated the efficiency of two commercial biostimulants in enhancing the growth, productivity and resilience of two strawberry varieties: ‘Malling Centenary’ (June-bearer) and ‘Malling Ace’ (ever-bearer) strawberry cultivars in a soilless hydroponic system within an unheated glasshouse. ‘Vitalnova Prime’ (VP), an amino acid and peptide-based biostimulant derived from yeast, was applied every 2 weeks as a foliar spray (1 mL/L), whereas ‘Vitalnova Triboost’ (VT), a microbial inoculant with live cultures, was incorporated into the medium post-transplanting (500 g/m3).
Results
VP significantly enhanced vegetative growth in both cultivars, resulting in substantial increases in number of leaves, crowns, crown diameter and shoot biomass accumulation compared to the control. VT also effectively improved multiple growth parameters compared to the control. Both biostimulants similarly improved crown formation and shoot dry weight in ‘Malling Centenary’. In terms of yield, both VP and VT increased yield in ‘Malling Ace’; notably, VP significantly enhanced the number of marketable fruits by 55% and average fruit weight by 56% compared to the control. Additionally, both biostimulants significantly reduced the occurrence of diseased fruits in both cultivars.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that biostimulants significantly enhance the growth, yield, and resilience of strawberries in soilless cultivation systems within unheated glasshouses. These findings suggest that biostimulants offer a sustainable and promising approach to addressing the increasing global demand for high-quality strawberries.
{"title":"Amino acid-based biostimulants and microbial biostimulants promote the growth, yield and resilience of strawberries in soilless glasshouse cultivation","authors":"Ruvini Ranasingha, Anya Perera, Kambiz Baghalian, Christos Gerofotis","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increasing demand for strawberries in the United Kingdom, valued for their flavour, nutrition and economic significance, presents challenges in maintaining consistent production, especially under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Traditional reliance on conventional agrochemicals to meet these demands is tempered by concerns about their health and environmental impacts, paving the way for eco-friendly alternatives, such as biostimulants. However, their efficiency in commercial table-top systems for June-bearing and ever-bearing strawberries under glasshouse conditions remains underexplored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the efficiency of two commercial biostimulants in enhancing the growth, productivity and resilience of two strawberry varieties: ‘Malling Centenary’ (June-bearer) and ‘Malling Ace’ (ever-bearer) strawberry cultivars in a soilless hydroponic system within an unheated glasshouse. ‘Vitalnova Prime’ (VP), an amino acid and peptide-based biostimulant derived from yeast, was applied every 2 weeks as a foliar spray (1 mL/L), whereas ‘Vitalnova Triboost’ (VT), a microbial inoculant with live cultures, was incorporated into the medium post-transplanting (500 g/m<sup>3</sup>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>VP significantly enhanced vegetative growth in both cultivars, resulting in substantial increases in number of leaves, crowns, crown diameter and shoot biomass accumulation compared to the control. VT also effectively improved multiple growth parameters compared to the control. Both biostimulants similarly improved crown formation and shoot dry weight in ‘Malling Centenary’. In terms of yield, both VP and VT increased yield in ‘Malling Ace’; notably, VP significantly enhanced the number of marketable fruits by 55% and average fruit weight by 56% compared to the control. Additionally, both biostimulants significantly reduced the occurrence of diseased fruits in both cultivars.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates that biostimulants significantly enhance the growth, yield, and resilience of strawberries in soilless cultivation systems within unheated glasshouses. These findings suggest that biostimulants offer a sustainable and promising approach to addressing the increasing global demand for high-quality strawberries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141624506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alena Förster, Karin Hohberg, Frank Rasche, Christoph Emmerling
Introduction
Conventional agricultural land-use may negatively impact biodiversity and the environment due to the increased disturbances to the soil ecosystem by tillage, for example. Cultivation of the perennial grain intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium, IWG, Kernza®) is a nature-based solution for sustainable agriculture, improving nutrient retention mainly through its extensive root system. Nematodes serve as sensitive bioindicators, detecting early changes in the soil food web, reflecting in changes in their community structure.
Materials and Methods
IWG and annual wheat sites in South France, Belgium and South Sweden were investigated in April 2022 for two depths (5–15 cm; 25–35 cm) to evaluate the difference in nematode community structure among the cropping systems.
Results
Sites with IWG cultivation held an accumulation of structure indicators (c-p 3–5 nematodes) compared to sites with annual wheat cultivation. A generalised linear mixed model revealed significantly more root feeders, especially for the subsoil, under IWG as a result of the perennial cultivation. The maturity index, plant-parasitic index, channel index and structure index were greater for IWG sites. The enrichment index was greater for annual wheat sites due to the dominance of bacterivores and enrichment indicators (c-p 1 nematodes). The nematode community structure (weighted faunal profile analysis) indicates IWG sites as being a generally undisturbed system with efficient nutrient cycling and balanced distribution of feeding types, as well as higher metabolic footprint values for root feeders (including plant-parasitic nematodes) and fungivores. Annual wheat sites, on the other hand, held indicators of a disturbed system with increased occurrence of opportunistic species and a more bacterial driven pathway. The topsoil had an increased occurrence of structure indicators in both cropping systems.
Conclusion
IWG creates favourable conditions for a diverse food web, including improved nutrient cycling and a heterogeneous resource environment, regardless of climatic conditions, establishing it as a stable and resilient agricultural management system.
{"title":"Nematode community structure suggests perennial grain cropping cultivation as a nature-based solution for resilient agriculture","authors":"Alena Förster, Karin Hohberg, Frank Rasche, Christoph Emmerling","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conventional agricultural land-use may negatively impact biodiversity and the environment due to the increased disturbances to the soil ecosystem by tillage, for example. Cultivation of the perennial grain intermediate wheatgrass (<i>Thinopyrum intermedium</i>, IWG, Kernza®) is a nature-based solution for sustainable agriculture, improving nutrient retention mainly through its extensive root system. Nematodes serve as sensitive bioindicators, detecting early changes in the soil food web, reflecting in changes in their community structure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>IWG and annual wheat sites in South France, Belgium and South Sweden were investigated in April 2022 for two depths (5–15 cm; 25–35 cm) to evaluate the difference in nematode community structure among the cropping systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sites with IWG cultivation held an accumulation of structure indicators (c-p 3–5 nematodes) compared to sites with annual wheat cultivation. A generalised linear mixed model revealed significantly more root feeders, especially for the subsoil, under IWG as a result of the perennial cultivation. The maturity index, plant-parasitic index, channel index and structure index were greater for IWG sites. The enrichment index was greater for annual wheat sites due to the dominance of bacterivores and enrichment indicators (c-p 1 nematodes). The nematode community structure (weighted faunal profile analysis) indicates IWG sites as being a generally undisturbed system with efficient nutrient cycling and balanced distribution of feeding types, as well as higher metabolic footprint values for root feeders (including plant-parasitic nematodes) and fungivores. Annual wheat sites, on the other hand, held indicators of a disturbed system with increased occurrence of opportunistic species and a more bacterial driven pathway. The topsoil had an increased occurrence of structure indicators in both cropping systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>IWG creates favourable conditions for a diverse food web, including improved nutrient cycling and a heterogeneous resource environment, regardless of climatic conditions, establishing it as a stable and resilient agricultural management system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141624234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号