Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment最新文献_第10页

Different factors are operative in shaping the epiphytic grapevine microbiome across different geographical scales: Biogeography, cultivar or vintage? 不同的因素在不同的地理尺度上塑造附生葡萄藤微生物群:生物地理，栽培或年份?

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12030

Elena Papadopoulou, Fotios Bekris, Sotirios Vasileiadis, Kalliope K. Papadopoulou, Dimitrios G. Karpouzas

Introduction

The composition of the grapevine microbiome is controlled by a range of factors all contributing to the establishment of microbial terroir. Most studies have focused on the grape must microbiome, while less is known about the assemblage mechanisms of the epiphytic grapevine microbiome. We aimed to disentangle the role of geographic location, cultivar and vintage on the composition of the epiphytic fungal and bacterial communities of grapevine: within (regional scale) and across (national scale) viticultural zones in Greece. We hypothesised that: (i) the influence of all three factors varies at different geographical scales; (ii) fungi and bacteria respond differently to the factors shaping the grapevine microbiome.

Materials and Methods

We analysed leaves and berries collected from Greek cultivars (i) Vidiano and Agiorgitiko located in three geographically distant regions (from 100 to >600 km), (ii) Roditis and Sideritis from different terroir units of the viticultural zone of Aigialeia.

Results

Amplicon sequencing analysis identified strong regional signatures on the epiphytic microbiome across viticultural zones, whereas cultivar becomes a strong determinant at the viticultural zone scale. Fungal communities were more responsive to all studied factors compared to bacterial communities. Differential abundance (DA) analysis identified dominant fungal (Alternaria, Cladosporium, Nigrospora, Aureobasidium, Vishniacozyma) and bacterial (Sphingomonas, Masillia, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacterales) amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) exhibiting geographical and cultivar-specific patterns.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that different factors are operative in shaping the epiphytic grapevine microbiome at different geographical scales with bacterial and fungal communities showing different responses to the tested structural factors.

葡萄菌群的组成受到一系列因素的控制，这些因素都有助于微生物风土的建立。大多数研究都集中在葡萄必须微生物组上，而对葡萄附生微生物组的组装机制知之甚少。我们的目标是理清地理位置、品种和年份对葡萄附生真菌和细菌群落组成的作用:在希腊葡萄种植区内(区域尺度)和跨(国家尺度)。我们假设:(i)所有三个因素的影响在不同的地理尺度上有所不同;真菌和细菌对形成葡萄藤微生物群的因素有不同的反应。材料和方法我们分析了希腊栽培品种(i) Vidiano和Agiorgitiko位于三个地理位置遥远的地区(从100到600公里)，(ii) Roditis和Sideritis来自Aigialeia葡萄种植区的不同风土单位。结果扩增子测序分析发现葡萄种植区的附生微生物组具有很强的区域特征，而品种在葡萄种植区尺度上具有很强的决定因素。与细菌群落相比，真菌群落对所有研究因素的反应更灵敏。差异丰度(DA)分析发现优势真菌(Alternaria, Cladosporium, Nigrospora, Aureobasidium, Vishniacozyma)和细菌(鞘单胞菌，Masillia，链球菌，葡萄球菌，肠杆菌)扩增子序列变异(asv)具有地理和品种特异性模式。结论不同地理尺度下葡萄附生菌群的形成受不同因素的影响，细菌和真菌群落对结构因素的响应不同。

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引用次数: 5

Management-induced shifts in rhizosphere bacterial communities contribute to the control of pathogen causing citrus greening disease 管理诱导的根际细菌群落的变化有助于控制引起柑橘绿化病的病原体

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12029

Kathryn E. Bazany, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Abigail Thompson, Jun-Tao Wang, Kristen Otto, Robert C. Adair Jr., Thomas Borch, Jan E. Leach, Pankaj Trivedi

Introduction

Citrus greening (aka Huanglongbing, HLB) caused primarily by the bacterial pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) has devastating effects on the global citrus industry. Agricultural management-induced changes in microbial communities are hypothesised to contribute toward HLB resistance by reducing pathogen titre and increasing root and soil health. However, we have a limited understanding of the impacts of management practices on the soil microbiome, making the extent of HLB management uncertain.

Material and Methods

Here we investigated the effect of agricultural management practices on reducing CLas titer via changes in rhizosphere-associated bacterial communities. Rhizosphere and root samples were collected from two sites in Florida where different management practices (e.g., metalized reflective mulch ground covers, compost application and microbial inoculations) are currently being implemented to prevent HLB. Management-induced changes in the rhizosphere bacterial community were assessed using amplicon sequencing. qPCR assays were used to quantify the titer of the pathogen CLas in roots. In addition, we measured soil properties and the activities of microbial enzymes involved in soil nutrient cycling.

Results

Our results indicated that certain management practices lead to shifts in the community structure of rhizosphere bacterial communities that negatively interact with the HLB pathogen. Management practices improved soil quality and reduced CLas titer. Additionally, we found that Actinobacteria were frequently enriched in the successful treatment sites, suggesting that Actinobacteria taxa could be indicators for HLB suppression properties in the soil.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that microbiome manipulation, either through changes in the management practices or microbial amendment, can increase the suppressive potential of soils, resulting in the reduction in CLas titer and potentially leading to HLB suppression in citrus groves.

柑桔黄龙病(又名黄龙病，HLB)主要由念珠菌(Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, CLas)引起，对全球柑桔产业造成毁灭性的影响。假设农业管理引起的微生物群落变化通过降低病原体滴度和提高根和土壤健康来促进HLB抗性。然而，我们对管理实践对土壤微生物组的影响了解有限，使得HLB管理的程度不确定。材料和方法本文研究了农业管理措施通过改变根际相关细菌群落来降低CLas滴度的影响。根际和根系样本是从佛罗里达州的两个地点收集的，这些地点目前正在实施不同的管理措施(例如，金属化反射地膜覆盖、堆肥施用和微生物接种)，以防止HLB。利用扩增子测序评估了管理引起的根际细菌群落的变化。采用qPCR法定量根中病原菌CLas的滴度。此外，我们还测量了土壤性质和参与土壤养分循环的微生物酶的活性。结果表明，某些管理措施会导致根际细菌群落结构的变化，从而与HLB病原体产生负相互作用。管理措施改善了土壤质量，降低了clasas滴度。此外，我们发现放线菌群在成功处理的地点经常富集，这表明放线菌群可以作为土壤中HLB抑制特性的指标。结论通过改变管理方式或微生物改良，调控微生物组可以增加土壤的抑制潜力，导致CLas滴度降低，并可能导致柑橘林HLB的抑制。

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引用次数: 3

Application of microbial inoculants significantly enhances crop productivity: A meta-analysis of studies from 2010 to 2020 微生物接种剂的应用显著提高作物生产力:2010年至2020年研究的荟萃分析

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2022-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12028

Jiayu Li, Juntao Wang, Hongwei Liu, Catriona A. Macdonald, Brajesh K. Singh

Introduction

With the rapid development of microbial technology, microbial inoculant is considered as a promising tool in sustainable agricultural systems. Mechanisms by which microbial inoculants improve crop yield include improving plant nutrient availability and alleviating abiotic/biotic stresses (e.g., drought, salt and disease). However, the field efficacy of microbial inoculants remains inconsistent, which constrains large-scale adoptions. Identity of dominant mechanisms that underpin the positive impacts of different microbial inoculants is limited. Thus, a comprehensive quantitative assessment of known inoculants on crop performance is needed to provide guidance for the development of effective microbial tools from both research and commercial perspectives.

Materials and Methods

Based on 97 peer-reviewed publications, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the benefits of different microbial inoculants on crop yield, and to identify the key mechanisms that underpin enhanced crop yield.

Results

Result showed that (i) alleviation of stresses was the major mechanism (53.95%, n = 53) by which microbial inoculants enhance crop yield, while improving plant nutrient availability accounted for 22.25% (n = 58) of crop yield enhancement. (ii) Pseudomonas was the most effective microbial inoculant in enhancing crop yield through alleviating stresses (63.91%, n = 15), whereas Enterobacter was the most effective in improving plant nutrient availability (27.12%, n = 5). (iii) Considering both mechanisms together, Pseudomonas (49.94%, n = 21), Enterobacter (27.55%, n = 13) and Bacillus (25.66%, n = 32) were the largest sources of microbial inoculants to enhance crop yield, and the combination of diazotroph Burkholderia with its legume host had the highest effect on improving the yield (by 196.38%). Microbial inoculants also improve nutritional quality by enhancing mineral contents in the produce.

Conclusion

Our analysis provides evidence that microbial inoculants can enhance agricultural productivity and nutritional quality and can be used either alone or in combination with reduced amount of agrochemicals to promote sustainable agriculture.

随着微生物技术的迅速发展，微生物接种剂被认为是可持续农业系统中很有前途的工具。微生物接种剂提高作物产量的机制包括改善植物养分供应和减轻非生物/生物胁迫(如干旱、盐和疾病)。然而，微生物接种剂的田间效果仍然不一致，这限制了大规模采用。支持不同微生物接种剂的积极影响的主要机制的身份是有限的。因此，需要对已知接种剂对作物生产性能的影响进行全面的定量评估，以便从研究和商业角度为开发有效的微生物工具提供指导。材料和方法基于97篇同行评议的出版物，我们进行了一项荟萃分析，以量化不同微生物接种剂对作物产量的益处，并确定支撑作物产量提高的关键机制。结果表明:(1)微生物接种剂提高作物产量的主要机制是缓解胁迫(53.95%，n = 53)，提高作物养分有效性(22.25%，n = 58)。(2)假单胞菌是通过缓解胁迫提高作物产量最有效的微生物接种剂(63.91%，n = 15)，肠杆菌是提高植物养分有效性最有效的微生物接种剂(27.12%，n = 5)。(iii)综合考虑这两种机制，假单胞菌(49.94%，n = 21)、肠杆菌(27.55%，n = 13)和芽孢杆菌(25.66%，n = 32)是提高作物产量的最大微生物接种剂来源，重氮营养型伯克氏菌与豆科寄主组合增产效果最高(196.38%)。微生物接种剂还通过提高农产品中的矿物质含量来改善营养品质。结论微生物接种剂可提高农业生产力和营养品质，可单独使用或与农药减量联合使用，促进农业可持续发展。

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引用次数: 24

Comparison of classical and developed indexing methods for assessing the groundwater suitability for irrigation 评价地下水灌溉适宜性的经典指标方法与新兴指标方法的比较

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2022-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12027

Md. Shajedul Islam, Md. Golam Mostafa

Introduction

Several water quality indices exist to evaluate irrigation water quality (IWQ), but they have some limitations. This study attempted to develop a new Overall Irrigation Water Quality Index (Overall IWQIndex) using a rational subindex that is flexible enough and updated to signify irrigation water suitability. It considered the maximum verified desirable and permissible value of parameters, including the hazard class, a modified rating system of parameters in each hazard class, and diversified water parameters that have affected the soil and plants.

Materials and Methods

A total of 40 calcite-type groundwater samples were analyzed to evaluate the IWQ using the proposed Overall IWQIndex, some IWQ parameters, and different diagram-based statistical methods.

Results

The study results were correlated with each other critically, and finally, the suitability for IWQ was determined. The results revealed that the samples of the postmonsoon and premonsoon felt under the ‘good’ and ‘excellent’ categories, respectively.

Conclusion

The study developed an indexing model that is easy to compute, rationalize and deliver accurate information on the suitability of irrigation water.

目前已有几种评价灌溉水质的指标，但都存在一定的局限性。本研究试图建立一个新的综合灌溉水质指数(Overall IWQIndex)，使用一个合理的子指数，该子指数具有足够的灵活性和可更新性，以表示灌溉用水的适宜性。它考虑了参数的最大验证的理想值和允许值，包括危害等级，每个危害等级参数的修改评级系统，以及影响土壤和植物的各种水参数。材料与方法采用提出的综合水wq指数、部分水wq参数和不同的基于图的统计方法，对40个方解石型地下水样本进行综合水wq评价。结果各研究结果之间存在显著的相关性，最终确定了IWQ的适用性。结果显示，季风后和季风前的样本分别处于“良好”和“优秀”类别。结论本研究建立的指标模型计算简便、合理，能准确地反映灌溉水适宜性。

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引用次数: 3

Lupin causes maize to increase organic acid exudation and phosphorus concentration in intercropping 间作时，露霉使玉米有机酸渗出量和磷浓度增加

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12026

Ulrike Schwerdtner, Ulrike Lacher, Marie Spohn

Purpose

There is a need to develop agricultural practices that mobilize sparingly soluble soil phosphorus (P) due to increasing scarcity of P fertilizer. Interactions of different plant species in the rhizosphere might increase P mobilization, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood.

Methods

We conducted a pilot study with four plant species (maize, soy, lupin, mustard) grown alone and in combination with maize (intercropping) to investigate how species interact to mobilize P from iron phosphate (FePO₄). Root exudates of individual plants were collected and analyzed for low molecular weight organic acid anions (LMWOA) and pH.

Results

Maize increased its exudation of LMWOA and its biomass P concentration in intercropping, especially when grown together with lupin. This is the first study to show unequivocally that a high LMWOA concentration in the rhizosphere in intercropping is not only caused by high LMWOA release of the companion but also by an increased LMWOA exudation of the main crop. The high release of LMWOA was associated with a higher maize P concentration, indicating that enhanced LMWOA release in intercropping is beneficial for P acquisition of maize. Moreover, lupin and mustard mobilized more P from FePO₄ than maize and soy likely through high LMWOA exudation (lupin) and rhizosphere alkalinization (mustard).

Conclusion

Taken together, we reveal that intercropping with lupin increases the release of LMWOA by maize and concurrently the maize P concentration, suggesting that intercropping is useful for the mobilization of P from FePO₄ because it affects the exudation of maize.

由于磷肥的日益稀缺，有必要开发农业实践，以动员土壤中较少溶解的磷。不同植物在根际间的相互作用可能会增加磷的动员，但其潜在机制尚未完全清楚。方法采用玉米、大豆、罗苹、芥菜等4种单独种植和间作组合种植的植物进行初步研究，探讨不同植物间相互作用如何调动磷酸铁(FePO4)中的磷。结果间作玉米的低分子量有机酸阴离子(LMWOA)和生物量磷(P)浓度显著增加，间作与罗苹混播效果更好。这是第一个明确表明间作根际高浓度的LMWOA不仅是由伴生LMWOA高释放引起的，而且是由主作物LMWOA分泌量增加引起的。低分子woa的高释放与玉米磷浓度升高相关，表明间作中增加低分子woa的释放有利于玉米磷的获取。此外，与玉米和大豆相比，罗苹和芥菜可能通过高LMWOA渗出(罗苹)和根际碱化(芥菜)从FePO4中动员了更多的P。综上所述，间作卢平增加了玉米对LMWOA的释放，同时也增加了玉米磷浓度，这表明间作影响了玉米对FePO4中磷的动员，因为间作影响了玉米的渗出。

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引用次数: 3

Integration of algae treatment with hydroponic crop waste to reduce impact of nutrient waste streams 水培作物废弃物与藻类处理相结合，减少营养废物流的影响

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2022-06-18 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12025

Nicholas Cowan, Stella White, Justyna Olszewska, Anne Dobel, Gavin Sim, Lorna J. Eades, Ute Skiba

Introduction

Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is expanding globally, but little is known about nutrient losses within these systems, or how to reduce subsequent pollution. This experiment investigates the potential to treat wastewater from hydroponically produced lettuce via the application of algae.

Materials and Methods

A total of 132 heads of lettuce were produced in the 4-layer nutrient film technique (NFT) vertical farming rack. Waste from the hydroponic system was used to cultivate naturally occurring algae. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and other trace elements (Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn) were measured at each stage of production.

Results

Overall the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of applied mineral nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was 88.7% and 59.4%. After algae treatment of waste streams the full system NUE of N and P was 99.5% and 95.0% respectively, thus significantly reducing waste heading for sewage. It was found that the crops consumed large quantities of Ca, Cu, Fe and Zn from the rooting sponges used in this experiment, which may have become available due to mineralization and the presence of slightly acidic fertiliser solution. The overall waste produced by the rooting sponge is of concern regarding the full NUE of the system, accounting for approximately 53% and 6% of the total N and P input into the system.

Conclusions

This study highlights that treating wastewater streams from controlled environment agriculture (CEA) methods such as hydroponics with algae is successful and easy to achieve with little effort. Future efforts by researchers and the CEA industry to better manage nutrient streams is recommended to improve the environmental credentials of developing CEA systems.

受控环境农业(CEA)正在全球范围内扩展，但人们对这些系统中的养分损失或如何减少随后的污染知之甚少。本实验探讨了通过应用藻类处理水培莴苣废水的潜力。材料与方法采用4层营养膜技术(NFT)垂直种植架生产莴苣132株。水培系统产生的废物被用来培养自然产生的藻类。在各生产阶段测定氮(N)、磷(P)和其他微量元素(Ca、Co、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Mo、Ni和Zn)。结果施用矿质氮(N)和磷(P)的养分利用率分别为88.7%和59.4%。废水经过藻类处理后，全系统N和P的NUE分别为99.5%和95.0%，从而显著减少了废物流向污水。研究发现，本试验中作物从生根海绵中消耗了大量的钙、铜、铁和锌，这些钙、铜、铁和锌可能是由于矿化和微酸性肥料溶液的存在而获得的。生根海绵产生的总废物影响到系统的全氮肥利用率，约占系统总氮、磷输入量的53%和6%。结论藻类水培法等控制环境农业(CEA)废水处理方法是成功的，且容易实现。建议研究人员和CEA行业未来努力更好地管理营养物流，以提高开发CEA系统的环境证书。

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引用次数: 0

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi prevent the negative effect of drought and modulate the growth-defence trade-off in tomato plants 丛枝菌根真菌可以预防干旱的负面影响，调节番茄植株的生长-防御平衡

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12018

Dimitri Orine, Emmanuel Defossez, Fredd Vergara, Henriette Uthe, Nicole M. van Dam, Sergio Rasmann

Introduction

A wide range of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be applied to agricultural soils as biofertilizers for increasing crop growth and yield. Current research also shows that AMF can stimulate plant defences against a range of herbivores and pathogens. However, to date, the efficient use of AMF in agriculture is largely impaired by our inability to predict the performance of different AMF-plant complexes in variable environments. For instance, AMFs by increasing plant foraging capacity might alleviate allocation constraints in relation to growth versus defences. However, whether this effect occurs might depend on the in situ conditions. The main goal of this study was to investigate the context-dependency of the ability of AMF to modulate plant growth and resistance against herbivores under variable soil water availability.

Materials and Methods

To address our goal, we performed a greenhouse experiment for measuring the effect of different AMF inocula (Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus irregularis, or both) on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) growth and defences against an insect herbivore under two conditions: a normal watering regime or drought conditions. We measured the functional, physiological and chemical traits of the plants.

Results

We found that AMF presence generally decreased plant growth, but increased chemical defences and resistance against generalist caterpillars. Such growth-defence trade-off was nonetheless dependent on the identity of the mycorrhizal inoculum and on soil water content. Under drought, inoculated tomato plants lowered their investment to defence and noninoculated plants lowered their growth.

Conclusion

This study highlights the influence of abiotic factors and fungal identity on plant–AMF–herbivore interactions. In a broader sense, our results point to the necessity of finding AMF species that have reduced context-dependency to climatic factors, for more widespread use in organic agriculture.

广泛的丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)可以作为生物肥料应用于农业土壤，以促进作物生长和产量。目前的研究还表明，AMF可以刺激植物防御一系列食草动物和病原体。然而，迄今为止，由于我们无法预测不同AMF-植物复合物在不同环境中的表现，农业中AMF的有效利用在很大程度上受到了损害。例如，amf通过增加植物觅食能力可能减轻与生长和防御有关的分配限制。然而，这种影响是否发生可能取决于原位条件。本研究的主要目的是探讨在不同土壤水分有效性条件下，AMF调节植物生长和抗草食动物能力的环境依赖性。为了实现我们的目标，我们进行了一项温室实验，以测量在正常浇水和干旱两种条件下，不同AMF接种体(mosfuneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus irregularis，或两者兼有)对番茄植株(Solanum lycopersicum)生长和抵御食草昆虫的影响。我们测定了这些植物的功能、生理和化学性状。结果AMF的存在普遍抑制了植物的生长，但增强了植物对多面虫的化学防御和抗性。尽管如此，这种生长与防御的权衡取决于菌根接种量的同一性和土壤含水量。干旱条件下，接种番茄植株的防御投入降低，未接种番茄植株的生长降低。结论本研究突出了非生物因子和真菌特性对植物- amf -草食相互作用的影响。从更广泛的意义上说，我们的研究结果表明，为了在有机农业中得到更广泛的应用，有必要找到减少对气候因素的环境依赖性的AMF物种。

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引用次数: 4

Biochemical mechanism of phosphorus limitation impairing nitrogen fixation in diazotrophic bacterium Klebsiella variicola W12 重氮营养细菌水痘克雷伯菌W12限磷破坏固氮的生化机制

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12024

Li-Mei Zhang, Eleonora Silvano, Branko Rihtman, Maria Aguilo-Ferretjans, Bing Han, Wei Shi, Yin Chen

Introduction

Biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) plays a key role in nitrogen supply in agricultural and natural ecosystems. Harnessing BNF can substantially reduce dependence on chemical fertilizer in agroecosystems and hence can contribute to sustainable agriculture. However, a number of field studies have demonstrated that BNF can be largely suppressed in phosphorus (P)-deficient environments, while the underlying mechanism is not well understood.

Materials & Methods

In this study, comparative proteomics and lipidomics analyses were conducted on a diazotrophic bacterium Klebsiella variicola W12 under P-deficient and P-replete conditions to gain insight into how P availability affects N fixation.

Results

Under P deficiency, N fixation activity of K. variicola W12 was severely repressed. In response to P limitation, the bacterium synthesized P-free ornithine lipids to replace glycerophospholipids in its membrane to reduce cellular demand for P. Comparative proteomics showed that P limitation resulted in upregulation of the PhoBR two-component system, a range of organic and inorganic P uptake and transport systems, while nitrogenase and N-fixation-related transcriptional regulators NifL and NifA were downregulated.

Conclusion

These results revealed lipid renovation as an adaptation strategy for N₂-fixing microbes to survive under P stress and provided biochemical evidence on how P availability regulates BNF. A conceptual model of N–P coupling at the microbial metabolism level is therefore proposed. Our study provides a simple yet plausible explanation of how P deficiency suppresses BNF observed in the field and highlights the importance of regulating P availability to maximize the potential of BNF in agroecosystems for agriculture sustainable production.

生物固氮(BNF)在农业和自然生态系统的氮供应中起着关键作用。利用生物燃料可以大大减少农业生态系统对化肥的依赖，从而有助于可持续农业。然而，许多实地研究表明，在缺磷环境中，BNF可能受到很大程度的抑制，而其潜在机制尚不清楚。材料,方法采用比较蛋白质组学和脂质组学方法对重氮营养细菌水痘克雷伯氏菌W12在缺磷和富磷条件下进行分析，以了解磷有效性对氮固定的影响。结果在缺磷条件下，水蛭W12的固氮活性受到严重抑制。为了应对磷限制，细菌合成了不含磷的鸟氨酸脂来取代其膜上的甘油磷脂，以减少细胞对磷的需求。比较蛋白质组学表明，磷限制导致PhoBR双组分系统，一系列有机和无机磷吸收和运输系统的上调。而与氮固定相关的转录调控因子NifL和NifA则下调。结论脂质修复是固氮微生物在磷胁迫下生存的适应策略，为磷有效性调控生物固氮因子提供了生物化学依据。因此，提出了微生物代谢水平上氮磷耦合的概念模型。我们的研究提供了一个简单而合理的解释，解释了在田间观察到的缺磷如何抑制BNF，并强调了调节磷有效性的重要性，以最大限度地发挥农业生态系统中BNF对农业可持续生产的潜力。

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引用次数: 2

Synthetic community improves crop performance and alters rhizosphere microbial communities 合成群落改善作物生产性能，改变根际微生物群落

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12017

Simranjit Kaur, Eleonora Egidi, Zhiguang Qiu, Catriona A. Macdonald, Jay Prakash Verma, Pankaj Trivedi, Juntao Wang, Hongwei Liu, Brajesh K. Singh

Introduction

Harnessing synthetic communities (SynCom) of plant growth-promoting (PGP) microorganisms is considered a promising approach to improve crop fitness and productivity. However, biotic mechanisms that underpin improved plant performance and the effects of delivery mode of synthetic community are poorly understood. These are critical knowledge gaps that constrain field efficacy of SynCom and hence large-scale adoption by the farming community.

Material & Methods

In this study, a SynCom of four PGP microbial species was constructed and applied to either as seed dressing (treatment T1, applied at the time of sowing) or to soil (treatment T2, applied in soil at true leaf stage) across five different cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivars. The impact of SynCom on plant growth, rhizosphere microbiome and soil nutrient availability, and how this was modified by plant variety and mode of applications, was assessed.

Results

Results showed that the seed application of SynCom had the strongest positive impact on overall plant fitness, resulting in higher germination (14.3%), increased plant height (7.4%) and shoot biomass (5.4%). A significant increase in the number of flowers (10.4%) and yield (8.5%) was also observed in T1. The soil nitrate availability was enhanced by 28% and 55% under T1 and T2, respectively. Results further suggested that SynCom applications triggered enrichment of members from bacterial phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria in the rhizosphere. A shift in fungal communities was also observed, with a significant increase in the relative abundance of fungi from phyla Chytridiomycota and Basidiomycota in SynCom treatments. A structural equation model suggested that SynCom directly increased crop productivity but also indirectly via impacting the alpha diversity of bacteria.

Conclusion

Overall, this study provides mechanistic evidence that SynCom applications can shift rhizosphere microbial communities and improve soil fertility, plant growth, and crop productivity, suggesting that their use could contribute toward sustainable increase in farm productivity.

利用植物促生长微生物的合成群落(SynCom)被认为是提高作物适应性和生产力的一种很有前途的方法。然而，支持提高植物性能的生物机制和合成群落的传递模式的影响尚不清楚。这些关键的知识差距限制了SynCom的田间效率，从而限制了农业社区的大规模采用。材料,方法构建4种PGP微生物的SynCom，分别施用于5个不同品种的棉花(棉)上(T1处理，在播种时施用)和土壤(T2处理，在真叶期施用)。评估了SynCom对植物生长、根际微生物群和土壤养分有效性的影响，以及植物品种和施用方式对其的影响。结果结果表明，施用SynCom对植物整体适宜度有显著的正向影响，提高了种子发芽率(14.3%)、株高(7.4%)和地上部生物量(5.4%)。在T1处理下，花数显著增加(10.4%)，产量显著增加(8.5%)。土壤硝态氮有效性在T1和T2处理下分别提高了28%和55%。结果进一步表明，SynCom的应用引发了根际放线菌门、厚壁菌门和蓝藻门细菌门成员的富集。真菌群落也发生了变化，在SynCom处理下壶菌门和担子菌门真菌的相对丰度显著增加。结构方程模型表明，SynCom直接提高作物产量，但也通过影响细菌α多样性间接提高作物产量。综上所述，本研究提供了SynCom应用可以改变根际微生物群落，改善土壤肥力、植物生长和作物生产力的机制证据，表明其使用可以促进农业生产力的可持续提高。

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引用次数: 11

Sustainable agricultural practices contribute significantly to One Health 可持续农业做法对“同一个健康”作出了重大贡献

Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI: 10.1002/sae2.12019

Zhenzhen Yan, Chao Xiong, Hongwei Liu, Brajesh K. Singh

The One Health concept proposes that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are interconnected. Agricultural production is a critical component of One Health as food links the environment to human health. Food not only provides nutrients to humans but also represents an important pathway for human exposure to environmental microbes as well as potentially harmful agrochemicals. In addition, inappropriate agronomic practices can cause damage to the environment which can have unintended adverse impacts on human health. Therefore, improving agricultural production systems and protecting environmental health should not be viewed as isolated goals as they are strongly interlinked. Here, we used the nexus of soil, plant, and human microbiomes to discuss sustainable agricultural production from the One Health perspective. We highlighted three interconnected challenges faced by current agronomic practices: the transmissions of pathogens in soil-human microbial loops, the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in agroecosystems, and the impacts of chemical pesticides on humans and environmental health. Finally, we propose the potential of utilising microbiomes for better sustainable agronomic practices to contribute to key goals of the One Health concept.

“同一个健康”概念提出，人类、动物和环境的健康是相互关联的。农业生产是“同一个健康”的关键组成部分，因为食品将环境与人类健康联系起来。食物不仅为人类提供营养，而且是人类接触环境微生物和潜在有害农用化学品的重要途径。此外，不适当的农艺做法可能对环境造成破坏，从而对人类健康产生意想不到的不利影响。因此，改善农业生产系统和保护环境卫生不应被视为孤立的目标，因为它们是紧密相连的。在这里，我们利用土壤、植物和人类微生物组的联系，从同一个健康的角度讨论可持续农业生产。我们强调了当前农艺实践面临的三个相互关联的挑战:病原体在土壤-人类微生物循环中的传播，农业生态系统中抗生素抗性基因的传播，以及化学农药对人类和环境健康的影响。最后，我们提出了利用微生物群进行更好的可持续农艺实践的潜力，以促进“同一个健康”概念的关键目标。

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引用次数: 0