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Metal–Organic Frameworks as a Catalyst and Catalyst Support in Fuel Cells: From Challenges to Catalytic Application 金属有机框架作为燃料电池的催化剂和催化剂载体:从挑战到催化应用
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202300580
Dr. Iswary Letchumanan, Dr. Ajaz Ahmad Wani, Dr. Norazuwana Shaari, Dr. Mahnoush Beygisangchin, Prof. Siti Kartom Kamarudin, Dr. Nabila A. Karim

The innovation of high-performance, stable electrocatalysts for clean energy systems faces significant challenges. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with their porous nature, flexible structures, and homogeneous active site dispersion, have gained interest as unique precursors for carbon-based catalysts. MOFs' properties significantly enhance catalytic performance in fuel cells. This review highlights recent advancements in MOF design for oxygen electrocatalysis in fuel cells, while also discussing perspectives for future material innovations to improve catalytic activity in this emerging field.

为清洁能源系统开发高性能、稳定的电催化剂面临着巨大的挑战。金属有机框架(MOFs)具有多孔性、柔性结构和均匀的活性位点分散等特点,作为碳基催化剂的独特前驱体,已经引起了人们的兴趣。MOFs 的特性大大提高了燃料电池的催化性能。本综述重点介绍了用于燃料电池中氧电催化的 MOF 设计的最新进展,同时还讨论了未来材料创新的前景,以提高这一新兴领域的催化活性。
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引用次数: 0
Energy-Efficient Hydrogen Liquefaction Process with Ortho-Para Conversion and Boil-Off Gas Recovery 采用正原转换和沸腾气体回收技术的高能效氢液化工艺
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202400150
Prof. Jian Wen, Haolin Xie, Xin Zhao, Ke Li

Hydrogen liquefaction is essential for the efficient storage and transportation of hydrogen. In the liquefaction process, catalytic ortho-para conversion is crucial to achieve a product with at least 95 % para-hydrogen to reduce boil-off losses. The proposed hydrogen liquefaction process using a catalyst-filled heat exchanger for continuous ortho-para conversion is modeled through steady-state thermal simulations in Aspen HYSYS. Additionally, an ejector is integrated to reliquefy boil-off gas. The proposed design achieves a specific energy consumption (SEC) of 10.50 kWh ()−1 and an exergy efficiency (EXE) of 30.1 %, which is 18 % lower in SEC compared to processes with separate converters. The integrated approach enhances energy utilization and offers references for future hydrogen liquefiers.

氢气液化对高效储存和运输氢气至关重要。在液化过程中,催化正副转化对于获得至少 95% 对氢产品以减少沸腾损失至关重要。通过在 Aspen HYSYS 中进行稳态热模拟,对使用催化剂填充热交换器进行连续对位转换的拟议氢液化工艺进行了建模。此外,还集成了一个喷射器来疏解沸腾气体。拟议设计的比能耗 (SEC) 为 10.50 kWh()-1,放能效率 (EXE) 为 30.1%,与使用独立转换器的工艺相比,比能耗 (SEC) 降低了 18%。这种集成方法提高了能源利用率,为未来的氢气液化器提供了参考。
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引用次数: 0
Overview Contents: Chem. Eng. Technol. 9/2024 概述 内容:Chem.Eng.Technol.9/2024
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202470903
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引用次数: 0
Editorial Board: Chem. Eng. Technol. 9/2024 编辑委员会:Chem.Eng.Technol.9/2024
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202470902
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引用次数: 0
Cover Picture: Chem. Eng. Technol. 9/2024 封面图片:封面图片:Chem.Eng.Technol.9/2024
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202470901

© DifferR @AdobeStock

© DifferR @AdobeStock
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引用次数: 0
Study on the Flow and Heat Transfer Performance of Microchannel Heat Exchangers With Different Elliptical Concave Cavities 带不同椭圆凹腔的微通道热交换器的流动和传热性能研究
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202300272
Prof. Tingbo Hou

Ellipticity has a significant impact on the flow and heat transfer performance of microchannel heat exchangers (MHEs) with elliptical concave cavities. In this study, five types of MHEs with different elliptical concave cavities (ellipticities of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2) were designed. The influence of ellipticity on the flow and heat transfer performance of MHEs was numerically investigated using ANSYS Fluent 21.0 R1. Moreover, MHEs with corresponding elliptical concave cavities structures were processed and manufactured, and then an experimental platform was designed and built for experimental verification. The results showed that the fluid velocity distribution in MHEs with elliptical concave cavities was symmetrical, and the formation of secondary flow in the elliptical concave cavities led to the continuous destruction and reconstruction of the flow and thermal boundary layer in the microchannel, which is conducive to mass and heat transfer in the MHEs with elliptical concave cavities. The inlet and outlet pressure drop of MHEs with elliptical concave cavities increased as the inlet flow rate increased. At the same inlet flow rate, the inlet and outlet pressure drop of the MHE with elliptical concave cavities first increased and then decreased with increasing ellipticity. At an ellipticity of 1.0, the inlet and outlet of MHE exhibited the lowest pressure drop indicating that the MHE with an ellipticity of 1.0 featured the highest pressure drop performance. The cold-water outlet temperature of the MHEs with elliptical concave cavities first decreased and then increased as the inlet flow rate increased. At the same inlet flow rate, the cold-water outlet temperature of the MHEs with elliptical concave cavities first increased and then decreased with increasing ellipticity, while the hot-water outlet temperature of the MHEs first decreased and then increased with increasing flow rate. This indicated that the MHE with an ellipticity of 1.0 exhibited excellent heat transfer performance.

椭圆度对带有椭圆凹腔的微通道热交换器(MHE)的流动和传热性能有重大影响。本研究设计了五种具有不同椭圆凹腔(椭圆度分别为 0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 和 1.2)的微通道热交换器。使用 ANSYS Fluent 21.0 R1 对椭圆度对 MHE 的流动和传热性能的影响进行了数值研究。此外,还加工制造了具有相应椭圆凹腔结构的 MHE,并设计和搭建了实验平台进行实验验证。结果表明,带椭圆凹腔的 MHE 中的流体速度分布是对称的,椭圆凹腔中二次流的形成导致了微通道中流动和热边界层的不断破坏和重建,有利于带椭圆凹腔的 MHE 的传质和传热。随着入口流速的增加,带椭圆凹腔的 MHE 的入口和出口压降也随之增加。在相同的入口流速下,随着椭圆度的增大,带有椭圆凹腔的流体束流器的入口和出口压降先增大后减小。当椭圆度为 1.0 时,MHE 的入口和出口压降最小,表明椭圆度为 1.0 的 MHE 具有最高的压降性能。随着入口流速的增加,带有椭圆凹腔的 MHE 的冷水出口温度先降低后升高。在相同的入口流速下,随着椭圆度的增加,带有椭圆凹腔的水力鼓风机的冷水出口温度先升高后降低,而随着流速的增加,水力鼓风机的热水出口温度先降低后升高。这表明椭圆度为 1.0 的热交换器具有出色的传热性能。
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引用次数: 0
Methylene Blue Adsorption by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: An Optimization Study Using Response Surface Methodology Fe3O4 纳米粒子对亚甲蓝的吸附:响应面法优化研究
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202400006
Dr. Imene Gritli, Hajer Chemingui, Kais Djebali, Dr. Walid Mabrouk, Amor Hafiane, Riadh Marzouki, Salah Ammar, Radhouane Chtourou, Sherif M. A. S. Keshk

Water coloring has the properties of resistance to mutagenic, toxic, aggressive, carcinogenic, destructive, strong light and unstable oxidation and air pollution and has serious effects on environmental systems and human health. Because of its severe toxicity, methylene blue (MB) can cause cancer, mutagenesis, and teratogenic consequences in people as well as enter the food chain. The main objective of this investigation is to study the modeling and the optimization parameters of MB adsorption using a low-cost adsorbent Fe3O4. The parameters evaluated for adsorption are the adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and temperature using the response surface methodology. The principal variables affecting MB removal were pH (3–11), catalyst dosage (0.01–0.3 g), contact duration (10–180 min), and temperature (25–55 °C). To select an experimental domain, a preliminary study was performed first. The results showed that at pH 10, 1.4 g L−1 Fe3O4-nanoparticles (NPs) had the highest removal efficiency of cationic dye MB (20 ppm) from aqueous solutions by batch adsorption technique. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic models and the Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit for the adoption of MB. The adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous, according to thermodynamics studies. To determine the effect of the investigated variables and their interaction on the adsorption process, a Box–Behnken design was used. A second-order polynomial equation was used to model the experimental results. The experimental findings were consistent with the suggested model as demonstrated by the high value of the determination coefficient. The performance of the model equation verified the experimental observation with just a slight divergence, and the values acquired from the experiment and model predictions were found to be in suitable agreement. According to the numerical optimization, 98.61 % is the optimal elimination efficiency for MB adsorption. These results suggest that an adsorption process utilizing Fe3O4 NPs is efficient in environmental remediation.

水着色剂具有抗突变性、毒性、侵蚀性、致癌性、破坏性、强光性和不稳定氧化性以及空气污染等特性,对环境系统和人体健康有严重影响。亚甲基蓝(MB)具有剧毒,可致癌、致突变、致畸,并可进入食物链。本研究的主要目的是研究使用低成本吸附剂 Fe3O4 吸附甲基溴的模型和优化参数。利用响应面方法评估了吸附参数,包括吸附剂用量、pH 值、接触时间和温度。影响甲基溴去除的主要变量是 pH 值(3-11)、催化剂用量(0.01-0.3 克)、接触时间(10-180 分钟)和温度(25-55 ℃)。为了选择实验范围,首先进行了初步研究。结果表明,在 pH 值为 10 时,采用批次吸附技术,1.4 g L-1 Fe3O4 纳米粒子(NPs)对水溶液中阳离子染料 MB(20 ppm)的去除率最高。伪二阶(PSO)动力学模型和 Langmuir 等温线为 MB 的吸附提供了最佳拟合。根据热力学研究,吸附过程是放热和自发的。为了确定所研究的变量及其相互作用对吸附过程的影响,采用了方框-贝肯设计。实验结果采用二阶多项式方程建模。实验结果与所建议的模型相吻合,这体现在确定系数的高值上。模型方程的性能验证了实验观察结果,仅有轻微偏差,实验值和模型预测值非常吻合。根据数值优化,98.61 % 是甲基溴吸附的最佳消除效率。这些结果表明,利用 Fe3O4 NPs 的吸附过程在环境修复中是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Study on the Scale and Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Curcumin-Based Novel Polymers 姜黄素基新型聚合物的阻垢和缓蚀效果研究
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202400203
Jinwei Qi, Jihui Li, Kaili Liu, Huixin Zhang, Jian Han, Jianxin Chen

The curcumin-malic acid-aspartic acid polymer (PCMA) as a new water treatment agent was prepared by solid phase synthesis of curcumin, malic acid and aspartic acid. The static scale inhibition experiments showed that PCMA can inhibit CaCO3 and CaSO4 scale formation by 100.0 % and had excellent scale inhibition effect under various experimental conditions. The mechanism of action of PCMA was obtained by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and molecular dynamics simulation. Electrochemical test showed that PCMA is an anodic corrosion inhibitor that achieves 93.1 % corrosion inhibition by forming a protective film on the surface of Q235 carbon steel. Besides, fluorescence spectra proved that PCMA has stable fluorescence intensity.

通过固相合成姜黄素、苹果酸和天门冬氨酸制备了新型水处理剂姜黄素-苹果酸-天门冬氨酸聚合物(PCMA)。静态阻垢实验表明,在各种实验条件下,PCMA 对 CaCO3 和 CaSO4 成垢的抑制率均为 100.0%,具有良好的阻垢效果。通过 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和分子动力学模拟研究了 PCMA 的作用机理。电化学测试表明,PCMA 是一种阳极缓蚀剂,能在 Q235 碳钢表面形成一层保护膜,缓蚀效果达到 93.1%。此外,荧光光谱证明 PCMA 具有稳定的荧光强度。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Study on Effects of Nanoparticles Concentration and Steam Flow Rate on Oil Recovery from a Model Porous Medium 纳米颗粒浓度和蒸汽流速对模型多孔介质石油采收率影响的数值研究
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202300044
Keyvan Ahangar Darabi, Assoc. Prof. Majid Ahmadlouydarab

Effects of nanoparticle and steam injection on the extraction of Iranian American Petroleum Institute (API) 14 heavy oil from a model porous medium at temperatures of 110, 150, and 200 °C were investigated. Nanoparticle content was 1 %, 3 %, and 5 %, and injection flow rates were 0.018, 0.036 and 0.072 mL h−1. In short-term injection, increasing the injection temperature to 200 °C and the flow rate to 0.072 mL h−1 resulted in the highest recovery. In the mid-term injection, the highest recovery factor was at a temperature of 150 °C and flow rate of 0.036 mL h−1, while the results of the long-term injection predicted a non-monotonic effect of flow rate. The effect of alumina content on the recovery factor is less than that of temperature and flow rate. Interestingly, alumina content also has non-monotonic effects on the recovery factor.

研究了在 110、150 和 200 °C 温度下,纳米粒子和蒸汽注入对从模型多孔介质中提取伊朗美国石油学会(API)14 号重油的影响。纳米粒子含量分别为 1%、3% 和 5%,注入流量分别为 0.018、0.036 和 0.072 mL h-1。在短期注入中,将注入温度提高到 200 °C、流速提高到 0.072 mL h-1 的回收率最高。在中期注入中,温度为 150 ℃、流速为 0.036 mL h-1 时的回收率最高,而长期注入的结果表明流速的影响是非单调的。氧化铝含量对回收率的影响小于温度和流速的影响。有趣的是,氧化铝含量对回收率的影响也是非单调的。
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引用次数: 0
Controlling Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth Using Pectin and Sodium Alginate Natural Polymers 利用果胶和海藻酸钠天然聚合物控制草酸钙晶体生长
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202300459
Ahmed AL-Dubai, Dr. Emel Akyol

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization is a common phenomenon that contributes to various kidney disorders and stone formation, as well as the formation of scale in industrial processes. The inhibition of CaOx is an area of intense scientific interest in the field of materials science due to its relevance to biomineralization. The present study investigated the effects of pectin (PE) and sodium alginate (SA), two natural polymers, on the growth of CaOx crystals using a batch crystallization method in aqueous solutions at 37 °C with different concentrations (0.5, 1, 5, and 10 ppm). The results of the study showed that both PE and SA were effective inhibitors of CaOx crystal growth, with the highest inhibition observed at a concentration of 10 ppm, reaching 80 %. PE did not significantly affect the size of the crystals, while SA reduced their size as the concentration increased. These findings contribute to our understanding of the potential of natural polymers as non-toxic inhibitors of CaOx crystal growth.

草酸钙(CaOx)结晶是一种常见现象,会导致各种肾脏疾病和结石的形成,以及工业生产过程中水垢的形成。由于 CaOx 与生物矿化的相关性,抑制 CaOx 是材料科学领域备受关注的一个科学领域。本研究采用批量结晶法,在 37 °C、不同浓度(0.5、1、5 和 10 ppm)的水溶液中研究了果胶(PE)和海藻酸钠(SA)这两种天然聚合物对 CaOx 晶体生长的影响。研究结果表明,PE 和 SA 都能有效抑制 CaOx 晶体的生长,其中浓度为 10 ppm 时的抑制率最高,达到 80%。PE 对晶体的大小没有明显影响,而 SA 则会随着浓度的增加而减小晶体的大小。这些发现有助于我们了解天然聚合物作为氧化钙晶体生长无毒抑制剂的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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