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Effect of Precursor Concentrations on ZnO/Graphene/Nickel Foam for Photoelectrochemical Activity 前驱体浓度对氧化锌/石墨烯/镍泡沫光电化学活性的影响
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202300588
Nurul Nabila Rosman, Nur Rabiatul Adawiyah Mohd Shah, Dr. Khuzaimah Arifin, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lorna Jeffery Minggu, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Norasikin Ahmad Ludin, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rozan Mohamad Yunus

ZnO nanorods (NRs) were synthesized hydrothermally on a pre-seeded graphene/nickel foam (NF) substrate. The effects of concentration on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell performance and hydrothermal reaction were studied. The field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the precursor concentrations influenced the shape of the ZnO NRs on graphene/NF (ZGN). The X-ray diffraction pattern for hexagonal wurtzite demonstrated strong orientation along the (002) direction. Notably, compared with the other concentrations, 0.04 M ZGN exhibited the highest photocurrent density, which was attributed to the optimal diameter and length of the rods for efficient light absorption. This research showed enhanced PEC performance, compared with existing literature, emphasizing the exceptional quality of the produced ZGN.

ZnO 纳米棒(NRs)是在预铺石墨烯/泡沫镍(NF)基底上通过水热反应合成的。研究了浓度对光电化学(PEC)电池性能和水热反应的影响。场发射扫描电子显微镜图像显示,前驱体浓度影响了石墨烯/镍泡沫(NF)上 ZnO NRs 的形状。X 射线衍射图样显示,六方菱镁矿沿 (002) 方向具有很强的取向性。值得注意的是,与其他浓度相比,0.04 M ZGN 表现出最高的光电流密度,这归因于棒的最佳直径和长度可实现高效光吸收。与现有文献相比,这项研究显示出更强的光致发光性能,强调了所生产的 ZGN 的卓越品质。
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引用次数: 0
Removal of Chromium from Aqueous Solution Using Ziziphus jujuba Seed-Activated Biochar 利用酸枣仁活性生物炭去除水溶液中的铬
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202300332
Prathap Manthira Giri, Dr. Purushothaman Parathasarathy

The present study aims to remove chromium (Cr) from a synthetic solution using Ziziphus jujube seed (ZJS)-activated biochar (ZJSAB) as an adsorbent. Physicochemical characterization was carried out to understand the properties of ZJSAB samples. Adsorption characteristics of ZJSAB were determined using batch experiments for various temperatures, pH, dosage, concentration, and duration. The study reveals ZJSAB has 93 % efficiency in the removal of Cr for an initial concentration of 60 mg L−1 at 30 °C and 2 pH with 0.6 g L−1 dosage and 120 min duration. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order models were best fit with maximum removal efficiency for ZJSAB. When 0.3 N hydrochloric acid was introduced to a desorption study, Cr desorption was 93.47 %. The study reveals that activated biochar from ZJS was efficient for Cr removal from aqueous solutions.

本研究旨在使用枣核(ZJS)活性生物炭(ZJSAB)作为吸附剂,去除合成溶液中的铬(Cr)。为了了解 ZJSAB 样品的特性,对其进行了物理化学表征。通过不同温度、pH 值、用量、浓度和持续时间的批量实验确定了 ZJSAB 的吸附特性。研究表明,在初始浓度为 60 mg L-1 时,温度为 30 °C,pH 值为 2,用量为 0.6 g L-1,持续时间为 120 分钟,ZJSAB 对铬的去除率为 93%。Freundlich 等温线和伪二阶模型最适合 ZJSAB,其去除效率最高。在解吸研究中引入 0.3 N 盐酸时,铬的解吸率为 93.47%。研究表明,ZJS 活性生物炭能有效地去除水溶液中的铬。
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引用次数: 0
Study on Cracking/Oxidation/Integrated Reforming Reaction for Efficient Conversion of Biomass to High-Quality Syngas 将生物质高效转化为高质量合成气的裂解/氧化/综合重整反应研究
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202400039
Wenqing Chen, Tao He, Suning Gu, Jingli Wu, Zhiqi Wang, Jinhu Wu

The advanced gasification technology of coal is mainly based on oxidation reaction and high temperature but is not suitable for biomass conversion. High tar and CO2 content are the two main issues that affect the efficiency of biomass gasification. In order to deeply convert hydrocarbons/tar and CO2 simultaneously, and enhance syngas yield, the cracking/partial oxidation/reforming reactions and their integrated reaction routes are investigated from an interrelated view. The effects of each reaction on the distribution of C/H elements in hydrocarbons/tar and syngas are illustrated. By cracking and oxidation reaction, the syngas yield can only reach 0.93 Nm3 kg−1, about 58 % of the theoretical maximum value; a large proportion of residual C/H atoms existing in stable hydrocarbons/tar/CO2/H2O are not converted. Based on the concept of lattice O oxidation combined with dry reforming, it realizes syngas yield (CO+H2) 1.56 Nm3 kg−1 with 91.6 % concentration, demonstrating that tar/hydrocarbons and CO2/H2O are converted to syngas efficiently. The effects of [O]/C ratio on gas yield represent a synergistic coordination between lattice Os oxidation and catalytic reforming reaction. Oxidation-reforming is the optimum route for biomass conversion to high-quality syngas.

先进的煤气化技术主要基于氧化反应和高温,但并不适合生物质转化。焦油和二氧化碳含量高是影响生物质气化效率的两个主要问题。为了同时深度转化碳氢化合物/焦油和二氧化碳,提高合成气产量,从相互关联的角度研究了裂解/部分氧化/重整反应及其综合反应路线。说明了各反应对碳氢化合物/焦油和合成气中 C/H 元素分布的影响。通过裂解和氧化反应,合成气产量只能达到 0.93 Nm3 kg-1,约为理论最大值的 58%;稳定的碳氢化合物/焦油/CO2/H2O 中的大部分残余 C/H 原子没有被转化。基于晶格 O 氧化与干重整相结合的概念,实现了合成气产量(CO+H2)1.56 Nm3 kg-1,浓度为 91.6%,表明焦油/烃类和 CO2/H2O 被高效转化为合成气。[O]/C比率对产气量的影响代表了晶格Os氧化和催化重整反应之间的协同配合。氧化重整是生物质转化为高质量合成气的最佳途径。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Study of Impact Fracture Toughness of Epoxidized Poly(1, 4 Cis-Isoprene) Compatibilized PLA Binary and Ternary Blends 环氧化聚(1,4-顺式异戊二烯)共混聚乳酸二元和三元混合物冲击断裂韧性的比较研究
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202400048
Mohd Bijarimi, Sahrim Ahmad, La Ode, Mujahid Mustaqeem, M. Norazmi, Erna Normaya, Jamiluddin Jaafar

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer with limited application because of its intrinsic brittleness, low toughness, and low elongation at break. Melt blends were prepared by mixing a natural rubber (NR, poly(1,4-cis-isoprene) in the form of liquid NR (LNR), liquid-epoxidized NR (LENR), and polypropylene (PP) in the PLA matrix. Four blend systems were designed and prepared, i.e., PLA–PP, PLA–PP–LNR, and PLA–LNR or PLA–LENR. The composition of PP in the blend was fixed at 10 % PLAPP (90/10). Results showed that PLA–PP mixed with LNR improved impact and elongation at break. The binary blend of PLA–LNR (90/10) significantly enhanced impact strength and elongation at break properties. In contrast, the binary blends of PLA–LENR (90/10) showed a lower value of elongation at break (9.5 % vs. 37.3%) and impact strength (4.56 kJ m−2 vs. 6.44 kJ m−2). The melting temperature (Tm) and the glass transition temperature (Tg) were measured by differential scanning calorimetry, which recorded slight changes in the glass temperatures and melting temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy images of the tensile fracture of the PLA–LNR (90/10) blend showed the presence of large fibrils associated with the ductile failure related to neat PLA. Finally, the fracture toughness (KIC) of PLA–LNR (90/10) showed an increase of 39 % over neat PLA (2.94 MPa.m1/2 vs. 4.08 MPa.m1/2).

聚乳酸(PLA)是一种可生物降解的聚合物,由于其固有的脆性、低韧性和低断裂伸长率,其应用非常有限。通过在聚乳酸基体中混合液态天然橡胶(NR,聚(1,4-顺式异戊二烯))、液态过氧化天然橡胶(LENR)和聚丙烯(PP),制备了熔融共混物。设计并制备了四种共混体系,即聚乳酸-聚丙烯、聚乳酸-聚丙烯-LNR、聚乳酸-LNR 或聚乳酸-LENR。混合物中聚丙烯的成分固定为 10 % PLAPP(90/10)。结果表明,PLA-PP 与 LNR 混合可提高冲击力和断裂伸长率。聚乳酸与 LNR 的二元共混物(90/10)显著提高了冲击强度和断裂伸长率。相比之下,PLA-LENR(90/10)二元共混物的断裂伸长率(9.5% 对 37.3%)和冲击强度(4.56 kJ m-2 对 6.44 kJ m-2)值较低。通过差示扫描量热法测量了熔化温度(Tm)和玻璃化温度(Tg),结果显示玻璃化温度和熔化温度略有变化。聚乳酸-LNR(90/10)混合物拉伸断裂的扫描电子显微镜图像显示,存在与纯聚乳酸韧性断裂相关的大纤维。最后,聚乳酸-LNR(90/10)的断裂韧性(KIC)比纯聚乳酸提高了 39%(2.94 兆帕.m1/2 对 4.08 兆帕.m1/2)。
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引用次数: 0
Intensifying Hydrogen Evolution in Solid–Liquid MgH2 Hydrolysis Reaction by a High Shear Reactor 利用高剪切反应器强化固液 MgH2 水解反应中的氢进化过程
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202200573
Hongyun Qin, Zixu Dong, Rujun Yu, Xia Chen, Feng Song, Junheng Guo, Yun Jia, Qiang Fu

The reactor is very critical to intensify the reaction rate controlled by mass transfer. Solid magnesium hydride (MgH2) shows great advantages in hydrogen storage; however, poor liquid–solid hydrolysis kinetics limit its application. Various chemical reactors were explored and are used to improve the hydrolysis efficiency. Results show that the mixing style could affect the surface coating behavior. Specifically, the higher temperature and mixing strength could promote the MgH2 hydrolysis. Furthermore, induced crystallization could effectively relieve coating and strengthen the hydrolysis, especially at the high mixing level. The result indicated that the mass transfer distance between crystal seed and formed MgH2 particles played an important role in MgH2 hydrolysis.

反应器对于提高由传质控制的反应速率至关重要。固态氢化镁(MgH2)在储氢方面具有很大优势,但液固水解动力学较差,限制了其应用。为了提高水解效率,我们探索并使用了各种化学反应器。结果表明,混合方式会影响表面涂层行为。具体来说,较高的温度和混合强度可促进 MgH2 的水解。此外,诱导结晶可有效缓解涂层并加强水解,尤其是在高混合水平下。结果表明,晶体种子与形成的 MgH2 颗粒之间的传质距离在 MgH2 的水解过程中起着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing Air Separation and LNG Cold Utilization: Energy Savings, Exergy Efficiency, and System Reliability 优化空气分离和液化天然气冷利用:节能、放能效率和系统可靠性
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202400085
Bhalchandra Shingan, Murali Pujari, Adarsh Kumar Arya, Varunpratap Singh

Air separation processes are time-consuming and energy-intensive. Most of the energy used in air separation unit (ASU) is used for air compression. During the air compression process, some energy is lost, which is converted into waste heat. This wasted energy is used to warm liquefied natural gas (LNG). At some point, LNG ships will dock at an LNG regasification facility. Here, LNG is converted back to gas and supplied to the distribution and transmission systems. During the regasification process, cryogenic LNG has a huge opportunity for cold energy recovery. An innovative air separation process that is integrated with the cold utilization of LNG is presented in this study along with a thorough conceptual design and analysis. The results of this study show that producing high-purity oxygen and nitrogen, respectively, requires 0.28 kWh kg−1 and 0.06 kWh kg−1 of specific energies. Prior to integration with cold utilization of natural gas, 25 141.6 kW is needed for air compression. However, following integration, 10 554.6 kW of energy is needed, resulting in a 58.01 % energy savings. Exergy destruction as well as efficiency have been calculated for the primary components of the system. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to examine the effects of LNG streams on important parameters. In conclusion, a cryogenic ASU is integrated with an LNG-direct expansion cycle-organic Rankine cycle power cycle to supply the necessary power for operation and reduce extraneous power inputs. Overall, this integrated approach increases efficiency, lowers costs, benefits the environment, allows for flexibility and adaptability, and raises system dependability.

空气分离过程耗时耗能。空气分离装置(ASU)中使用的大部分能源都用于空气压缩。在空气压缩过程中会损失一些能量,这些能量会转化为废热。这些废热被用来加热液化天然气 (LNG)。液化天然气船有时会停靠在液化天然气再气化设施。在这里,液化天然气被重新转化为天然气,并供应给配电和输电系统。在再气化过程中,低温液化天然气有巨大的冷能回收机会。本研究提出了一种与液化天然气冷利用相结合的创新空气分离工艺,并进行了全面的概念设计和分析。研究结果表明,生产高纯度氧气和氮气分别需要 0.28 kWh kg-1 和 0.06 kWh kg-1 的比能量。在整合天然气冷利用之前,空气压缩需要 25 141.6 千瓦。而在整合之后,只需要 10 554.6 千瓦的能量,从而节省了 58.01 % 的能源。计算了系统主要组件的放能损耗和效率。还进行了敏感性分析,以研究液化天然气流对重要参数的影响。总之,低温 ASU 与液化天然气-直接膨胀循环-有机郎肯循环动力循环相结合,可提供运行所需的动力,并减少外来动力输入。总之,这种集成方法提高了效率,降低了成本,有利于环保,具有灵活性和适应性,并提高了系统的可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Cover Picture: Chem. Eng. Technol. 7/2024 封面图片:封面图片:Chem.Eng.Technol.7/2024
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202470701

Copyright: © Crystal Kwok @ Unsplash

版权所有:© Crystal Kwok @ Unsplash
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引用次数: 0
Editorial Board: Chem. Eng. Technol. 7/2024 编辑委员会:Chem.Eng.Technol.7/2024
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202470702
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引用次数: 0
Overview Contents: Chem. Eng. Technol. 7/2024 概述 内容:Chem.Eng.Technol.7/2024
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202470703
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引用次数: 0
RSM and ANN Comparative Modelling with a Granulation Treatment in Mixed Waters 在混合水体中采用造粒处理的 RSM 和 ANN 比较模型
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202300164
Dr. Celina Sanchez-Sanchez, Dr. Juan Morales-Rivera, Dr. Gabriela Moeller-Chávez, Dr. Ernestina Moreno-Rodríguez, Dr. Jean Flores-Gómez

A Box-Behnken design was used for the analysis using a gray wolf optimizer (GWO)-coupled artificial neural network (ANN) model and response surface methodology (RSM) to analyze the effect of three operating parameters (volumetric exchange ratio [VER], aeration rate [AR], and cycle time [CT]) manipulated during an aerobic granular sludge process (AGS) sequencing batch reactor on modeling the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in mixed wastewater. The most efficient architecture for COD showed the highest efficiency for modeling the AGS. The RSM model and plot results indicate that the CT and AR were the most influential on COD removal efficiency. When compared with models with statistical indices, GWO-ANN demonstrated higher performance compared to RSM.

利用灰狼优化器(GWO)耦合人工神经网络(ANN)模型和响应面法(RSM)进行箱-贝肯设计,分析了好氧颗粒污泥法(AGS)序批式反应器中三个操作参数(体积交换比[VER]、曝气速率[AR]和循环时间[CT])对混合废水中化学需氧量(COD)去除模型的影响。最有效的 COD 结构显示了 AGS 建模的最高效率。RSM 模型和绘图结果表明,CT 和 AR 对 COD 去除效率的影响最大。与使用统计指数的模型相比,GWO-ANN 的性能高于 RSM。
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引用次数: 0
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Chemical Engineering & Technology
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