Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Mineral, Metallurgy, Material最新文献

Large advancement has been made in understanding the nucleation and growth of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond, but the adhesion of CVD diamond to substrates is poor and there is no good method for quantitative evaluation of the adhesive strength. The blister test is a potentially powerful tool for characterizing the mechanical properties of diamond films. In this test, pressure was applied on a thin membrane and the out-of-plane deflection of the membrane center was measured. The Young's modulus, residual stress, and adhesive strength were simultaneously determined using the load-deflection behavior of a membrane. The free-standing window sample of diamond thin films was fabricated by means of photolithography and anisotropic wet etching. The research indicates that the adhesive strength of diamond thin films is 4.28±0.37 J/m². This method uses a simple apparatus, and the fabrication of samples is very easy.

The electrochemical behaviors of n-type silicon wafers in silica-based slurry were investigated, and the influences of the pH value and solid content of the slurry on the corrosion of silicon wafers were studied by using electrochemical DC polarization and AC impedance techniques. The results revealed that these factors affected the corrosion behaviors of silicon wafers to different degrees and had their suitable parameters that made the maximum corrosion rate of the wafers. The corrosion potential of (100) surface was lower than that of (111), whereas the current density of (100) was much higher than that of (111).

The effects of various factors on the flow speed of interdendritic melt were analyzed in detail in the process of continuous casting slabs. When the solid-liquid interface bends periodically, the expression of solute distribution in the columnar crystal zone was deduced, and the quantitative calculation was also made. The results show that the bulge and the interdendritic spacing are responsible for the flow speed of interdendritic melt. At the initial stage of solidification the bulge operates, and at the final stage the interdendritic spacing operates. The experimental results of macrosegregation in the slabs validated the calculated results of the flow speed of interdendritic melt, which shows that the calculated results are basically consistent with the experimental ones.

The magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) alloy exhibits two phase structures between 5.7wt% and 10.3wt% Li contents, consisting of the α (hcp) Mg-rich and the β (bcc) Li-rich phases, at room temperature. In the experiment, Mg-5Li-2Zn, Mg-9Li-2Zn, Mg-16Li-2Zn, Mg-22Li-2Zn, Mg-5Li-2Zn-2Ca, Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca, Mg-16Li-2Zn-2Ca, and Mg-22Li-2Zn-2Ca (wt%) were melted. During the melting process, the flux, which was composed of lithium chloride (LiCl) and lithium fluoride (LiF) in the proportion of 3:1 (mass ratio) and argon gas were used to protect the alloys from oxidation. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and cold-rolling workability of the wrought alloys were studied. The crystal grain of the alloys (adding Ga) is fine. The hardness of the studied alloys decreases with an increase in element Li. The density of the studied alloys is in the range of 1.187 to 1.617 g/cm³. The reduction of the Mg-16Li-2Zn and Mg-22Li-2Zn alloys can exceed 85% at room temperature. The Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy was heat treated at 300°C for 8, 12, 16, and 24 h, respectively. The optimum heat treatment of the Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy is 300°C×12h by metallographic observation and by studying the mechanical properties of the alloys.

The influences of plastic deformation, aging treatment, and alloying elements on the texture of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys were explored. The texture component and intensity of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys under various working conditions after aging treatment were characterized using the orientation distributing function (ODF). The influence of Zr content on the texture of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys was also analyzed. The reduction pass and deformation level were primary factors influencing the texture. Rolling texture appeared in a rolled plate and the fibrous textures of {111} and {001} were detected after 80% deformation. Fibrous texture with a main constituent of {111} improved the tensile strength of the alloy wire. The texture contents of {110}<331> and {110}<112> were predominated, whereas, those of {113}<332> and {112}<111> were in the minority in the Cu-Cr-Zr alloy with a higher Zr content (>0.5wt%). However, in the samples with a lower Zr content (<0.1wt%), the texture contents of {113}<332>, {112}<111>, and {111}<110> were in the majority.

The cathode materials LiMn₂O₄ and rare earth elements La-doped or La and F dual-doped spinel lithium manganese oxides were synthesized by the citric acid-assisted sol-gel method. The synthesized samples were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG) measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and charge-discharge test. XRD data shows that all the samples exhibit the same pure spinel phase, and the LiLa_0.01Mn_1.99O_3.99F_0.01 and LiLa_0.01Mn_1.99O₄ samples have smaller lattice parameters and unit cell volume than LiMn₂O₄. SEM indicates that LiLa_0.01Mn_1.99O_3.99F_0.01 has a slightly smaller particle size and a more regular morphology structure with narrow size distribution. The charge-discharge test reveals that the initial capacities of LiMn₂O₄, LiLa_0.01Mn_1.99O₄, and LiLa_0.01Mn_1.99O_3.99F_0.01 are 129.9, 122.8, and 126.4 mAh·g⁻¹, and the capacity losses of the initial values after 50 cycles are 14.5%, 7.6%, and 8.0%, respectively. The CVs show that the La and F dual-doped spinel displays a better reversibility than LiMn₂O₄.

The spherulite morphology of the rolled and subsequent heat-treated isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was observed by polarized microscopy, and the crystallinity evolution of materials was also measured by the wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Rolling led to the oblate spherulites in the deformed iPP samples. The sheared crystalline lamellae broke apart into sets of crystalline blocks during rolling. As a result, the crystallinity of the iPP samples was greatly reduced during deformation, which induced the unclear spherulites and spherulite boundaries. Subsequent heat treatment resulted in the strong recrystallization of the rolled iPP samples. But the recrystallization in this work only meant the rearrangement of the macromolecule along the unbroken crystalline lamellae and the existing small crystalline blocks in the deformed spherulites. Heat treatment did not change the shape of the spherulites formed during deformation. The recrystallization also resulted in very clear spherulites and spherulite boundaries.

A similarity analysis for Marangoni convection induced flow over a vapor-liquid interface due to an imposed temperature gradient was carried out. The analysis assumes that the surface tension varies linearly with temperature but the temperature variation is a power law function of the location. The similarity solutions are presented numerically and the associated transfer characteristics are discussed.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and physics-chemical phase analysis were employed to investigate the precipitates in high strength steels microalloyed with Ti produced by compact strip production (CSP). It was seen that precipitates in Ti microalloyed steels mainly included TiN, Ti₄C₂S₂, and TiC. The size of TiN particles varied from 50 to 500 nm, and they could precipitate during or before soaking. The Ti₄C₂S₂ with the size of 40-100 nm might precipitate before rolling, and the TiC particles with the size of 5-50 nm precipitated heterogeneously. High Ti content would lead to the presence of bigger TiC particles that precipitated in austenite, and by contrast, TiC particles that precipitated in ferrite and the transformation of austenite to ferrite was smaller. They were less than 30 nm and mainly responsible for precipitate strengthening. It should be noted that the TiC particles in higher Ti content were generally smaller than those in the steel with a lower Ti content.