Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Mineral, Metallurgy, Material最新文献

The fine grained dual phase (FG-DP) steel with ferrite grains of 2-4.5 μm and martensite islands smaller than 3 μm was obtained through the mechanism of deformation-enhanced ferrite transformation (DEFT). Mechanical properties of the steel were tested at room temperature. The results indicated that with a similar volume fraction of martensite (about 20vol%), FG-DP steel exhibited a superior combination of higher strength and more rapid strain hardening at low strains compared with the coarse-grained dual phase (CG-DP) steel obtained by critical annealing. The combination of higher strength, large elongation, and more rapid strain hardening of FG-DP steel can be attributed to the fine ferrite grain and finely dispersed martensite islands. In addition, the uniformly distributed martensite islands in FG-DP steel have smaller interspacing compared with that of CG-DP steel. So, at the initial plastic deformation stage, the plastic deformation of ferrite was restrained and more pronounced load was transferred from ferrite to martensite. The plastic deformation of martensite in FG-DP steel started earlier.

The spin transport property of a ferromagnet (FM)/insulator (I)/resonant tunneling diode (RTD) heterostructure was studied. The transmission coefficient and spin polarization in a multilayered heterostructure was calculated by a Schrödinger wave equation. An Airy function formalism approach was used to solve this equation. Based on the transfer matrix approach, the transmittivity of the structure was determined as a function of the Feimi energy and other parameters. The result shows that the spin polarization induced by the structure oscillates with the increasing Fermi energy of the FM layer. While the thickness of the RTD is reduced, the resonant peaks become broad. In the heterostructure, the spin polarization reaches as high as 40% and can be easily controlled by the external bias voltage.

Cobalt-molybdenum (Co-Mo) amorphous alloy thin films were deposited on copper substrates by the electrochemical method at pH 4.0. Among the experimental electrodeposition parameters, only the concentration ratio of molybdate to cobalt ions ([MoO₄²⁻]/[Co²⁻]) was varied to analyze its influence on the mechanism of induced cobalt-molybdenum codeposition. Voltammetry was one of the main techniques, which was used to examine the voltammetric response, revealing that cobalt-molybdenum codeposition depended on the nature of the species in solution. To correlate the type of the film to the electrochemical response, various cobalt-molybdenum alloy thin films obtained from different [MoO₄²⁻]/[Co²⁺] solutions were tested. Crack-free homogeneous films could be easily obtained from the low molybdate concentrations ([MoO₄²⁻]/[Co²⁺]) ≈0.05) applying low deposition potentials. Moreover, the content of molybdenum up to 30wt% could be obtained from high molybdate concentration; in this case, the films showed cracks. The formation of these cracked films could be predicted from the observed distortions in the curves of electric current-time (j-t) deposition transients. The films with amorphous structure were obtained. The hysteresis loops suggested that the easily magnetized axis was parallel to the surface of the films. A saturation magnetization of 137 emu.g⁻¹ and a coercivity of 87 Oe of the film were obtained when the deposition potential was −1025 mV, and ([MoO₄²⁻]/[Co²⁺]) was 0.05 in solution, which exhibited a nicer soft-magnetic response.

By careful design of rolling schedule, ultra-fine (∼2 μm) ferrite grains in a low carbon high niobium (0.09wt%Nb) micro-alloying steel with average austenite grain sizes above 800 μm can be achieved in the simulated thin slab direct rolling process. The 5-pass deformation was divided into two stages: the refinement of austenite through complete recrystallization and the refinement of ferrite through dynamic strain-induced transformation. The effects of Nb in solution and strain-induced NbCN precipitates on the ferrite transformation were also extensively discussed.

Previous mining excavation in upper sublevels left several mined-out areas in Haigou gold mine. To ensure safety of the main and auxiliary shafts and mining production in deeper sublevels, systematical studies on regularity, prediction, and control of ground pressure in the mine were carried out. Through 3D-numerical modeling and in-situ monitoring of acoustic emission, pressure and displacement, the ground pressure activity and the stability status of surrounding rock masses and the two shafts were assessed. Based on in-situ monitoring practice in Haigou mine, 4 modes to judge rock stability according to the monitoring information of acoustic emission, pressure, and displacement were presented.

By means of supersonic fine particles bombarding (SFPB), a nanostructured surface layer up to 15 μm was fabricated on a 45 steel plate with ferrite and pearlite phases. To reveal the grain refinement mechanism of SFPB-treated 45 steel, microstructure features of various sections in the treated surface were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Grain size increases with an increase of depth from the treated surface. Plastic deformation and grain refinement processes are accompanied by an increase in strain. Plastic deformation in the proeutectoid ferrite phases has precedence over the pearlite phases. Grain refinement in the ferrite phases involves: the onset of dislocation lines (Dls), dislocation tangles (DTs) and dense dislocation walls (DDWs) in the original grains; the formation of fine lamellar and roughly equiaxed cells separated by DDWs; by dislocation annihilation and rearrangement, the transformation of DDWS into subboundaries and boundaries and the formation of submicron grains or subgrains; the successive subdivision of grains to finer and finer scale, resulting in the formation of highly misoriented nano-grains. By contrast, eutectoid cementite phase accommodated strain in a sequence as follows: onset of elongated, bended and shear deformation under deformation stress of ferrites, short and thin cementites with a width of about 20-50 nm and discontinuous length were formed. Shorter and thinner cementites were developed into ultra-fine pieces under the action of high density dislocation and strains. At the top surface, some cementites were decomposed under severe plastic deformation. Experimental evidences and analysis indicate that surface nanocrystallization of 45 steel results from dislocation activities, high strains and high strain rate are necessary for the formation of nanocrystallites.

The effects of high magnetic field on the crystallization behavior of the Fe₇₈Si₁₃B₉ metallic glass ribbon were studied. The samples were isothermal annealed for 30 min under high magnetic field and no field, respectively. Microstructure transformation during crystallization was identified by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the crystallizations of Fe₇₈Si₁₃B₉ metallic glass processed under different conditions were that the precipitation of dendrite α-Fe(Si) and spherulite (Fe,Si)₃B phases forms amorphous matrix and then the metastable (Fe,Si)₃B phase transforms into the stable Fe₂B phase. The grain size of the crystals is smaller and more homogeneous for the isothermal annealed samples under high magnetic field in comparison with that under no field indicating that the crystallization behavior of Fe₇₈Si₁₃B₉ metallic glass is suppressed by high magnetic field.

Pure titanate nanotubes and titanate nanotubes doped with Fe³⁺/Ni²⁺/Mn²⁺ ions were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. In this process, titanate nanotubes were first prepared synchronously with doping Fe³⁺/Ni²⁺/Mn²⁺ ions. The morphology, structure, thermal stability and magnetic property of titanate nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and magnetic measurement. The titanate nanotubes transformed into the anatase titania nanocrystals, and further the mixture of anatase and rutile titania along with increasing temperature. The results indicate that the titanate nanotubes doped with Fe³⁺/Ni²⁺/Mn²⁺ ions are paramagnetic behaviors.

Artificial neural network procedures were used to predict the combustible value (i.e. 100-Ash) and combustible recovery of coal flotation concentrate in different operational conditions. The pulp density, pH, rotation rate, coal particle size, dosage of collector, frother and conditioner were used as inputs to the network. Feed-forward artificial neural networks with 5-30-2-1 and 7-10-3-1 arrangements were capable to estimate the combustible value and combustible recovery of coal flotation concentrate respectively as the outputs. Quite satisfactory correlations of 1 and 0.91 in training and testing stages for combustible value and of 1 and 0.95 in training and testing stages for combustible recovery prediction were achieved. The proposed neural network models can be used to determine the most advantageous operational conditions for the expected concentrate assay and recovery in the coal flotation process.