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Work community support in professional language learning among culturally and linguistically diverse nurses: Implementation of action research in a hospital setting 在不同文化和语言背景的护士中开展专业语言学习的工作社区支持:在医院环境中实施行动研究
Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.laheal.2024.10.003
Johanna Komppa , Katriina Eronen , Eveliina Korpela
Effective interprofessional and patient communication remain crucial to nursing, with local languages challenging the international recruitment of healthcare personnel and preventing those recruited from working as educated professionals. This study aimed to improve the local-language skills of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) nurses beyond the classroom and through interactions in the workplace. We describe a pilot study in which the workplace community supported language learning (i.e., Finnish) and organised language workshops in a university hospital. Modelled on the Swedish Språkombud Language Advocat concept, language workshops took place regularly in the workplace and targeted CALD nurses who speak Finnish as a second language (L2). Employing action research, we focus here on the action component—namely, the language workshop—and its impact on language learning. Data consist of audiovisual recordings of and materials produced during the language workshops by participants. We analysed data using thematic analysis, focusing on participant-highlighted learning needs and participants’ evaluations of workshop participation impact. Participants described becoming more fluent in Finnish in professional situations based on workshop participation. Specifically, they received tools to structure their communication during challenging professional situations and improved their ability to act culturally appropriately in such situations. Hospital management can enhance language learning and the wellbeing of internationally recruited nurses by offering supporting structures, such as language workshops, during the orientation process. Communication practices and local language learning can be effectively learnt by doing patient work in the unit and reflecting upon it with colleagues and peers.
有效的跨专业沟通和患者沟通对护理工作仍然至关重要,而当地语言对医护人员的国际招聘提出了挑战,并阻碍了被招聘者作为受过教育的专业人员开展工作。本研究旨在通过工作场所的互动,提高文化和语言多元化(CALD)护士在课堂之外的当地语言技能。我们介绍了一项试点研究,在这项研究中,工作场所社区支持语言学习(即芬兰语),并在一所大学医院组织了语言讲习班。以瑞典的 "Språkombud语言倡导者"(Språkombud Language Advocat)概念为蓝本,语言讲习班定期在工作场所举行,目标群体是将芬兰语作为第二语言(L2)的CALD护士。采用行动研究法,我们在此重点关注行动部分(即语言讲习班)及其对语言学习的影响。数据包括语言工作坊的音像记录和参与者在工作坊期间制作的材料。我们采用主题分析法对数据进行了分析,重点关注参与者强调的学习需求和参与者对工作坊参与效果的评价。参加者表示,通过参加工作坊,他们在专业场合中的芬兰语变得更加流利。具体而言,他们获得了在具有挑战性的专业场合中组织交流的工具,并提高了在这些场合中采取适当文化行动的能力。医院管理层可以通过在迎新过程中提供语言工作坊等支持结构,加强国际招聘护士的语言学习和福利。通过在科室从事病人工作,并与同事和同行进行反思,可以有效地学习沟通做法和当地语言。
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引用次数: 0
What drives task performance in fluency tasks in people who had COVID-19? 是什么促使 COVID-19 患者在流畅性任务中表现出色?
Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.laheal.2024.10.001
Adrià Rofes , Marta Almeria , Barbara Sampedro , Roel Jonkers , Joan Deus , Jerzy Krupinski

Background

Some people who had COVID-19 have been shown to perform below a normative sample on fluency tasks. Unveiling the factors driving performance in this population can explain their underlying impairments. In this article we assess (1) whether people who had COVID-19 are impaired in animal or letter fluency relative to a normative sample; and (2) whether performance (total correct word count) can be explained by demographic factors, common COVID-19 symptoms, number of switches, mean cluster size, and word properties of fluency tasks.

Methods

Eighty-four Spanish-speaking people who had COVID-19 responded to an animal and a letter fluency task, 10–35 days after hospital discharge or self-quarantining. We obtained demographic, common symptom/factors, and calculated number of switches, mean cluster size and eight word properties for each correct word. A comparison of correct words with a normative sample was used to address Aim 1, and Random forests/Conditional inference trees for Aim 2. The last method is not affected by multicollinearity.

Results

People who had COVID-19 were not impaired in fluency tasks compared to normative data collected before the pandemic. Number of switches predicted total number of correct words in both fluency tasks. In addition, frequency, age of acquisition, and familiarity predicted animal fluency scores; and concreteness predicted letter fluency scores. No other measure showed as important.

Conclusion

Number of switches and word properties predicted the performance in fluency tasks of people who had COVID-19. Concreteness was not expected to predict letter fluency and may indicate a specific linguistic pattern in people who had COVID-19.
背景一些患有 COVID-19 的人在流畅性任务中的表现低于常模样本。揭示导致这些人的表现的因素可以解释他们的潜在障碍。在本文中,我们将评估:(1)与常模样本相比,COVID-19 患者在动物或字母流利性方面是否存在障碍;(2)人口统计学因素、COVID-19 常见症状、切换次数、平均群组大小以及流利性任务的单词属性是否可以解释患者的表现(总正确单词数)。我们了解了他们的人口统计学特征、常见症状/因素,并计算了每个正确单词的转换次数、平均群组大小和八个单词属性。针对目标 1,我们使用了正确单词与常模样本的比较;针对目标 2,我们使用了随机森林/条件推理树。最后一种方法不受多重共线性的影响。结果与大流行前收集的常模数据相比,患有 COVID-19 的人在流畅性任务中没有受损。在两项流利性任务中,切换次数可预测正确单词总数。此外,频率、习得年龄和熟悉程度可预测动物流利度得分;具体程度可预测字母流利度得分。结论转换次数和单词属性可预测 COVID-19 患者在流利性任务中的表现。具体程度预计不会预测字母流利程度,这可能表明 COVID-19 患者的语言模式有其特殊性。
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引用次数: 0
What do(n’t) hospital patients like about using professional interpreting services? 医院病人喜欢(不喜欢)使用专业口译服务吗?
Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.laheal.2024.10.002
Jim Hlavac , Emiliano Zucchi , Yue Hu
Interpreting services in healthcare facilities are essential for patients with limited proficiency in the societally dominant language to communicate effectively with healthcare professionals. Patients can report symptoms more easily and healthcare professionals can diagnose conditions and outline treatment options more readily. Aside from resolving the issue of linguistic discordance, it is possible that patients see the presence of the interpreter as achieving other things as well. A study of 464 overt responses from 1120 patients from 16 different language backgrounds in Melbourne shows that positive impressions (n=353) of interacting with an interpreter outnumber negative (n=111) ones. Over half of the positive feedback related to patients being able to fully understand and participate in medical consultations. Other positive outcomes included relieving family members of having to mediate, obviation of the risk associated with attempting to use English, and the belief that interpreters ensure information accuracy. Of those with negative experiences, 45 % cite waiting time and availability issues, 24 % a perceived lack of professionalism or linguistic ability. Feedback encompasses not only linguistic features and accuracy of the interpreter's output, but also what interpreters ‘achieve’ for them in the healthcare professional-patient interaction and beyond it, i.e. changes that are of a situational, intra-familial or socio-psychological nature.
医疗机构的口译服务对于社会主流语言能力有限的患者与医疗专业人员进行有效沟通至关重要。患者可以更容易地报告症状,医护人员也可以更容易地诊断病情和概述治疗方案。除了解决语言不和谐的问题,在患者看来,口译员的存在还有可能带来其他好处。对墨尔本来自 16 种不同语言背景的 1120 名患者的 464 份公开回复进行的一项研究表明,与口译员互动的正面印象(n=353)多于负面印象(n=111)。一半以上的积极反馈与患者能够充分理解和参与医疗咨询有关。其他积极的结果包括:减轻了家人的调解工作,降低了尝试使用英语的风险,以及认为口译员能确保信息的准确性。在有负面经历的人中,45% 的人提到等待时间和可用性问题,24% 的人认为缺乏专业性或语言能力。反馈不仅包括语言特点和口译输出的准确性,还包括口译员在医护人员与患者互动过程中以及互动之外为他们 "实现 "的东西,即情景、家庭内部或社会心理性质的变化。
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引用次数: 0
A corpus-assisted discourse analysis of socio-cultural values in Chinese and English social stories for autistic individuals 针对自闭症患者的中英文社会故事中的社会文化价值观的语料库辅助话语分析
Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.laheal.2024.08.002
Jesse W.C. Yip
Social Stories are utilised to educate autistic individuals about appropriate social behaviours and politeness in social contexts. Based on the Theory of Mind (ToM), Social Stories are associated with neurotypicality which suggests human brains function in a similar way. Employing corpus-assisted discourse analysis, the study examines and compares the cultural differences between Chinese Social Stories (CSS) and English Social Stories (ESS) through analysing keywords, frequency of lexical items and collocation of the first-person pronoun. The results reveal that CSS emphasise the Confucian values of politeness, filial piety and hierarchical human relationship, while ESS recognise individual preferences, emotions and the value of fairness. The results enrich the knowledge of the discoursal and rhetorical features of Social Stories in different languages and provide theoretical implications for understanding the concepts of normality, politeness and neurotypicality. This article concludes by arguing that society should adopt the neurodiversity approach towards autistic individuals.
社交故事用于教育自闭症患者在社交场合中的适当社交行为和礼貌。基于心智理论(ToM),社交故事与神经典型性相关,这表明人类大脑以类似的方式运作。本研究采用语料库辅助话语分析,通过分析关键词、词条频率和第一人称代词的搭配,研究并比较了中文社交故事(CSS)和英文社交故事(ESS)之间的文化差异。结果显示,汉语社会故事强调礼貌、孝道和等级人际关系等儒家价值观,而英语社会故事则认可个人偏好、情感和公平价值观。研究结果丰富了人们对不同语言中社会故事的话语和修辞特点的认识,并为理解规范性、礼貌性和神经典型性等概念提供了理论依据。本文最后认为,社会应采用神经多样性方法来对待自闭症患者。
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引用次数: 0
Moments of silence at the beginning stage of psychotherapy with young adult clients: A conversation analysis 年轻成人心理治疗开始阶段的沉默时刻:对话分析
Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.laheal.2024.07.002
Shuangquan Tan , Bingqing Nie , Zhaoqi Xu
Silence is a common social interaction in psychotherapy which also has great impact on psychotherapy outcomes, especially at the beginning stage of psychotherapy where therapists and clients begin to build their therapeutic alliances for the first time. However, the few existing studies have shown that many practising therapists either failed to deal with silence in their researched sessions or were self-reported to be not confident in doing so. Therefore, this research investigates different triggers for silence at the early stage of psychotherapy with young adults and their surrounding conversation sequences with the conversation analysis method. Data includes two sessions of psychotherapy with two young adult clients. The results identified four triggers for silence: conflict, confusion, challenge and support triggers, which improves the understanding of this social interaction.
沉默是心理治疗中一种常见的社会互动,对心理治疗的结果也有很大影响,尤其是在心理治疗的开始阶段,治疗师和求助者第一次开始建立治疗联盟。然而,现有的少数研究表明,许多执业治疗师在研究过程中要么没有处理好沉默问题,要么自称没有信心处理好沉默问题。因此,本研究采用对话分析方法,调查了在对年轻人进行心理治疗的早期阶段,引发沉默的不同诱因及其周围的对话序列。数据包括两名年轻成人客户的两次心理治疗。结果发现了四种引发沉默的诱因:冲突、困惑、挑战和支持诱因,从而加深了对这种社会互动的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Narrative modulations in patient-practitioner communication: Exploring attunement and misattunement in supported self-management 患者与医生交流中的叙事调节:探索辅助自我管理中的调和与误调
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.laheal.2023.11.002
Mimi Huang

This paper investigates the experiences of patients in communicating with healthcare practitioners within the context of supported self-management in the UK. Employing an innovative analytical concept of “narrative modulation”, this study examines narrative data from patients’ focus group discussions. Two contrasting processes, attunement and misattunement, emerge as narrative modulators that shape and form the meaning and trajectory of participants’ storytelling. The study identifies multiple instances of misattunement in patient-practitioner interactions, highlighting a prevailing emphasis on diagnosis and treatment-focused perspectives, often at the expense of individual patients' experiences during clinical encounters. Despite these challenges, the participants expressed a desire for care that listens to and understands their unique experiences. They also wished to play an active role in their healthcare decisions, endorsing attunement, which promotes understanding and collaborative self-management supported by practitioners. This paper further discusses the implications of these findings for improving both patient-practitioner communication and supported self-management.

本文研究了在英国支持自我管理的背景下,患者与医疗从业人员沟通的经历。本研究采用 "叙事调节 "这一创新分析概念,对患者焦点小组讨论中的叙事数据进行了研究。两个截然不同的过程--"适应 "和 "不适应"--成为了叙事调节器,塑造并形成了参与者讲述故事的意义和轨迹。研究发现,在患者与医生的互动中存在多种调适失误的情况,突出强调了以诊断和治疗为中心的观点,而这往往以牺牲患者在临床接触中的个人经历为代价。尽管存在这些挑战,但参与者表示希望医疗服务能够倾听并理解他们的独特经历。他们还希望在自己的医疗决策中扮演积极的角色,赞同 "调适",因为 "调适 "可以促进理解,并在医生的支持下进行合作性的自我管理。本文将进一步讨论这些研究结果对改善患者与医生之间的沟通和支持自我管理的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Cognitive-linguistic difficulties in adults with Long COVID: A follow-up study 长COVID成人的认知语言障碍:一项后续研究
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.laheal.2023.09.001
Louise Cummings

As the emergency phase of the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, the long-term health problems caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are becoming increasingly clear. So-called Long COVID, or post COVID-19 condition, is a debilitating illness that impacts functioning for months and even years after infection. Alongside physical symptoms, Long COVID has a particularly insidious effect on cognition and language. While many studies have documented non-linguistic cognitive impairments in people with Long COVID, what has not been documented to any significant extent is the presence and duration of language difficulties in Long COVID. This study addresses this lack of research by examining the cognitive-linguistic skills of 41 adults with Long COVID. These adults were assessed at two time points using a test protocol of 12 language tasks. This paper describes the findings of the 6-month follow-up study. Results indicate that difficulties in immediate and delayed verbal recall persist long after the onset of COVID symptoms, even as improvements occur in verbal fluency and the informativeness of spoken discourse. It is argued that these difficulties are a significant contributing factor in a lack of work return in these adults. Implications of these findings for the provision of speech-language pathology services to these adults and occupational health policies relating to Long COVID are discussed.

随着 COVID-19 大流行病紧急阶段的消退,SARS-CoV-2 感染造成的长期健康问题正变得越来越明显。所谓的 "长COVID",即COVID-19后遗症,是一种在感染后数月甚至数年都会影响机体功能的衰弱性疾病。除身体症状外,长COVID对认知和语言的影响尤为隐蔽。虽然许多研究都记录了朗-克沃伊德患者的非语言认知障碍,但朗-克沃伊德患者是否存在语言障碍以及语言障碍持续的时间长短,却没有得到大量的记录。针对这一研究空白,本研究对 41 名成年 Long COVID 患者的认知语言能力进行了调查。这些成人在两个时间点接受了由 12 项语言任务组成的测试方案的评估。本文介绍了 6 个月跟踪研究的结果。研究结果表明,尽管语言流畅性和口语信息量有所改善,但在出现 COVID 症状后的很长一段时间内,即时和延迟言语回忆方面的困难仍然存在。研究认为,这些困难是导致这些成年人无法重返工作岗位的重要因素。本文讨论了这些研究结果对为这些成年人提供言语病理学服务以及与长COVID相关的职业健康政策的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring women’s chronic disease experiences: A mixed-methods analysis of endometriosis narratives 探索妇女的慢性病经历:对子宫内膜异位症叙述的混合方法分析
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.laheal.2024.02.001
Viviane Ito , Mariana Pascual

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological illness faced by an estimated one-tenth of women worldwide. Despite being a common condition, studies of the disease in Latin American settings are still scarce. This paper presents a study of 30 autobiographical interviews with Chilean patients who are L1 Spanish speakers. Our study aims to fill the gap in understanding the endometriosis experience of Latin American women, unveiling how to assist the patients better and improve their quality of life. It is one of the first studies to describe the experience of Chilean women in navigating the disease and the impacts on their routines. We used a mixed-methods approach to achieve our goal, employing a combination of NLP and content analysis. First, we generated word embeddings for three main keywords, "pain," "endometriosis," and "menstruation." Furthermore, we processed the data to locate occurrences of "pain" in the corpus. We coded the occurrences into nine semantic domains of the endometriosis pain experience: intensity, normalization, treatment, frequency, menstruation, feeling, pain location, symptom, and impact. Our results shed light on the details of the journey with endometriosis and may lead to improvements in patient-doctor communication and policymaking to benefit patients.

子宫内膜异位症是一种慢性妇科疾病,全世界估计有十分之一的妇女患有这种疾病。尽管子宫内膜异位症是一种常见病,但在拉美地区对这种疾病的研究仍然很少。本文介绍了对智利患者进行的 30 次自传式访谈,这些患者均以西班牙语为第一语言。我们的研究旨在填补了解拉丁美洲妇女子宫内膜异位症经历方面的空白,揭示如何更好地帮助患者并提高她们的生活质量。这是第一批描述智利妇女患病经历及其对日常生活影响的研究之一。为了实现目标,我们采用了一种混合方法,将 NLP 和内容分析相结合。首先,我们为三个主要关键词 "疼痛"、"子宫内膜异位症 "和 "月经 "生成了词嵌入。此外,我们还对数据进行了处理,以确定 "疼痛 "在语料库中的出现频率。我们将这些词条编码为子宫内膜异位症疼痛体验的九个语义域:强度、正常化、治疗、频率、月经、感觉、疼痛位置、症状和影响。我们的研究结果揭示了子宫内膜异位症治疗过程中的细节,可能有助于改善医患沟通和政策制定,使患者受益。
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引用次数: 0
Expressive language variation, growth and predictors in Mandarin-exposed young children with autism spectrum disorder 接触过普通话的自闭症谱系障碍幼儿的表达性语言变异、发展和预测因素
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.laheal.2024.03.001
Yi (Esther) Su , Qian-qian Xie , Hong-hui Yao

Utilizing the Putonghua Communicative Development Inventory-Toddler Form, this longitudinal study assessed expressive language development (including lexicon, grammar, and decontextualized language) twice over a year’s span in two subgroups (high verbal, low verbal) of 77 2–6-year-old Mandarin-exposed children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Both subgroups showed the steeper increase of structural language (lexicon and grammar) vs. the flatter growth of decontextualized language. Moreover, children’s initial language skills (but not autism severity or language environment) predicted language outcomes one year later in both groups. The use of decontextualized language also predicted structural language development in the low verbal group. These findings confirmed the uneven expressive language growth across multiple language domains in subgroups of children with ASD and underscored the contribution of early language skills to their expressive language development. Moreover, the slow growth and significant predictivity of decontextualized language warrant targeted intervention in promoting children with ASD’s talk beyond the ‘here-and-now’ situation in communication.

这项纵向研究利用《普通话交际发展量表-幼儿表》,对 77 名 2-6 岁患有自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的普通话儿童在一年时间内的两次表达性语言发展(包括词汇、语法和非语境化语言)进行了评估。两个亚组的结构性语言(词汇和语法)的增长速度较快,而非语境化语言的增长速度较慢。此外,两组儿童最初的语言技能(而非自闭症严重程度或语言环境)都能预测一年后的语言成果。去语境化语言的使用也预示着低语言能力组的语言结构发展。这些发现证实了自闭症儿童亚组在多个语言领域的语言表达能力发展不平衡,并强调了早期语言技能对其语言表达能力发展的贡献。此外,非语境化语言发展缓慢且具有显著的预测性,因此有必要采取有针对性的干预措施,以促进 ASD 儿童的谈话超越 "此时此地 "的交流情景。
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引用次数: 0
Interpreters as facilitators of emotional expressions in multilingual medical interactions: Observations from Italian healthcare practices 口译员在多语言医疗互动中促进情感表达:意大利医疗实践观察
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.laheal.2024.01.002
Federico Farini

This article discusses insights from a research on the management of emotions in medical interactions involving Italian healthcare providers, Arabic speaking interpreters and Arabic speaking patients. The findings suggest that the possibility for patient’s emotions to become relevant in the medical encounter is affected by the activity of interpreters as mediators of the inter-linguistic interaction. While this contribution also considers examples of interpreters’ choices excluding the emotions of the patients from the interaction, the discussion focuses on affective formulations of patient’s expression of emotions, as an interactional resource to make doctors aware of patients’ emotional expressions emerged from dyadic monolingual interactions. This article concludes by suggesting that interpreters as linguistic mediators may effectively promote emotional literacy in healthcare interactions, promoting a patient-centred model of multilingual healthcare.

本文讨论了意大利医疗服务提供者、阿拉伯语口译员和阿拉伯语患者在医疗互动中的情绪管理研究。研究结果表明,患者的情绪在医疗互动中的相关性受到作为语言间互动媒介的口译员活动的影响。虽然本文也考虑了口译员选择将病人的情绪排除在互动之外的例子,但讨论的重点是病人表达情绪的情感表述,将其作为一种互动资源,使医生意识到病人在二元单语互动中的情绪表达。本文最后提出,作为语言中介的口译员可以有效促进医疗互动中的情感素养,促进以患者为中心的多语言医疗保健模式。
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引用次数: 0
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Language and Health
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